Frontiers in Psychiatry
January 12, 2022
Shannon Dames, Pamela Kryskow, Crosbie Watler
38 citations
A multidisciplinary team developed a ketamine-assisted psychotherapy program delivered in a community-of-practice group model for healthcare providers experiencing distress. In a quality improvement evaluation of 94 patients across three cohorts, mean mental health scores improved significantly from baseline to 1–2 weeks after the 12-week program. Among those screening positive at baseline, 91% showed improvements in generalized anxiety, 79% in depression, 86% of those with PTSD no longer screened positive, and 92% had significant work/life functionality improvements. Qualitative feedback was overwhelmingly positive. Results suggest the program is effective for treating depression, PTSD, generalized anxiety, and functional impairment.
Frontiers in Psychiatry
September 19, 2023
Nicolas Garel, Jessica Drury, Julien Thibault Lévesque et al.
32 citations
A biopsychosocial approach to ketamine for treatment-resistant depression, called the Montreal model, pairs ketamine infusions with structured psychiatric care and psychotherapy. Developed over six years in public healthcare settings, the model conceptualizes ketamine as a brief intervention that creates windows of opportunity for enhanced care and psychological growth. It combines six ketamine infusions with psychedelic-inspired nonpharmacological adjuncts, including preparative and integrative psychological support. The model aims to bridge biomedical and psychedelic perspectives, offering a standardized yet flexible approach for severe, real-world patients. Further research is needed to assess its effectiveness and hypothesized psychological mechanisms.
Scientific reports
July 17, 2024
Sara de la Salle, Hannes Kettner, Julien Thibault Lévesque et al.
21 citations
A prospective longitudinal survey of eight Canadians with cancer who received legal psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy under Section 56 exemptions found significant improvements in anxiety, depression, pain, fear of COVID-19, quality of life, and spiritual well-being two weeks after the session. Attitudes toward death, medical assistance in dying, and desire for hastened death remained unchanged. Most participants found the sessions highly meaningful, though one reported a substantial decrease in well-being. These preliminary data suggest that real-world psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy can produce psychiatric benefits similar to those in clinical trials, but limited enrollment and negative experiences indicate a need for formal real-world evaluation programs.
Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology
January 1, 2023
Vivian W L Tsang, Brendan Tao, Shannon Dames et al.
19 citations
A retrospective chart review of 128 participants in a 12-week ketamine-assisted group therapy program found that the treatment was well tolerated, with no dropouts. Across 448 sessions, elevated blood pressure occurred after 49.16% of sessions, while nausea affected 12.05% of participant-sessions, vomiting 2.52%, headache 3.35%, and dizziness in seven participant-sessions. Adverse events were transient and resolved with rest or medication. The findings suggest good safety and tolerability for intramuscular and sublingual ketamine dosing in a community group psychotherapy setting.
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
September 18, 2023
Emmy Manson, Erin Ryding, Wes Taylor et al.
13 citations
A pilot program offered group-based therapy with three ketamine sessions at a psychedelic dose to eight Indigenous participants and two Elders, in partnership between Roots to Thrive and the Snuneymuxw First Nation. Thematic analysis of interviews and feedback revealed that participants experienced significant benefits, including the importance of Indigenous team members, traditional healing approaches, and authentic relationships. Challenges were also noted. The work highlights the need to address colonial legacies and integrate Indigenous Ways of Knowing for culturally safe psychedelic therapies.
Frontiers in Psychiatry
September 22, 2025
Shannon Dames, Pamela Kryskow, Vivian W. L. Tsang et al.
3 citations
RTT-KaT is a structured, scalable, evidence-informed, and culturally responsive model that bridges clinical safety with both Western and Indigenous knowledge systems. A longitudinal follow-up study is currently underway to evaluate its long-term impact and guide future implementations.
Molecular psychiatry
April 1, 2026
Josh Allen, Mujun Sun, Tamara L Baker et al.
1 citation
In a rat model of recurrent intimate partner violence brain injury (daily mild traumatic brain injury plus non-fatal strangulation for five days followed by 16 weeks of recovery), a single dose of psilocybin (1 mg/kg) reversed injury-induced anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus-maze, increased sucrose preference (indicating reduced anhedonia), and improved reversal learning in the water maze and spatial memory in the Y-maze. Psilocybin also prevented the increase in microglial cells in the dorsal hippocampal molecular layer and the loss of reelin-positive cells in the subgranular zone seen in saline-treated injured rats. Pre-treatment with a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist blocked psilocybin's behavioral effects, indicating these benefits depend on 5-HT2A receptor activation.
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
October 17, 2025
Vivian W. L. Tsang, Megan Kennedy, Tarun Walia et al.
1 citation
A qualitative case study of six firefighters with PTSD who completed a 12-week ketamine-assisted therapy program found that, beyond reducing PTSD symptoms, participants reported improvements in sleep problems, a changed relationship to music, better tolerance for sensory stimuli, and altered time perception. These themes suggest ketamine-assisted therapy may provide meaningful benefits that extend beyond symptom reduction.
Psychotherapy and psychosomatics
June 19, 2026
Judith Rohde, Tyler M Moore, Kathryn Walker et al.
A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of 12 studies (533 participants) found that higher baseline PTSD severity was the most robust predictor of symptom reduction after combined ketamine and psychotherapy. More psychotherapy sessions, more ketamine sessions, and shorter treatment duration were also associated with greater improvement, but these findings are tentative because most studies were of poor quality. The analysis showed that for each additional psychotherapy session, PTSD symptoms improved by an average of 1.03 points on the PCL-5, and for each additional ketamine session, improvement was 1.15 points. The results require confirmation in well-designed prospective trials.
Human Arenas
April 25, 2026
Shannon Dames, Grace Scharf, Vivian W.l. Tsang et al.
Ritual functions as a relational organizing container that stabilizes psychedelic therapy by regulating the nervous system, orienting attention, and anchoring meaning through predictable sequencing and symbolic framing. Without clear frameworks, ritual applications risk becoming prescriptive or ethically problematic, especially when borrowing from Indigenous traditions without relational accountability. A principle-informed framework translates these functions into consent-based, culturally humble, and autonomy-protective clinical practice, shifting from prescribed techniques to co-created processes across preparation, dosing, and integration. This approach supports flexible, relational care that honors cultural context, participant agency, and situated meaning-making.
Frontiers in Public Health
January 29, 2026
Vivian W. L. Tsang, Camille Roney, Pamela Kryskow et al.
Psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT) combines psilocybin with structured psychological support to address psychological, emotional, and existential distress, particularly at end of life. The therapy is relational in nature, recognizing that healing occurs through human connection. Roots to Thrive in Nanaimo, British Columbia, is the only multidisciplinary non-profit healthcare practice in Canada legally offering group PAT, primarily serving terminally ill patients. Between 2022 and late 2024, 471 Special Access Program (SAP) applications were submitted for psilocybin or MDMA in Canada, with about 318 approved.