A biosensor engineered from a serotonin 2A receptor can detect psychedelic-like activity in molecules, enabling high-throughput screening for new compounds. The approach identifies structural features that trigger receptor activation, which may accelerate the development of drugs with therapeutic potential and reduced hallucinogenic side effects.
Serotonin (5-HT) is a key neuromodulator that directly influences plasticity at excitatory synapses on dendritic spines. It activates 14 subtypes of G-protein-coupled receptors, each with distinct expression and signaling. Disruptions in serotonergic transmission during development or adulthood cause lasting changes in behavior and neuronal structure, particularly in dendritic spines, indicating serotonin's critical role in excitatory synaptic plasticity. This review summarizes how 5-HT receptors contribute to the development and maturation of excitatory postsynaptic synapses, from spinogenesis through stabilization, potentiation, and depression. It also highlights recent advances showing how atypical serotonergic signaling and psychedelics alter spine structure and function.