Daily use of high-potency cannabis is associated with more positive symptoms and fewer negative symptoms in first-episode psychosis patients. Among 901 patients and 1,235 controls across six European countries, those who used high-potency cannabis daily had the highest scores on positive symptoms, while negative symptoms were more common in patients who never used cannabis. Psychotic experiences in controls were linked to current cannabis use but not to lifetime use. Depressive symptoms showed no differences related to cannabis use in either group.
Among young men entering compulsory military service in Asturias, Spain, between 1995 and 1999, lifetime use of MDMA was 10.9%, past-year use 7.8%, and past-month use 4.5%, ranking fifth among illicit drugs ever tried. Once MDMA was used, reuse was common: 71% of ever-users had used it in the past year, and 41% in the past month. MDMA users had more extensive drug histories than non-users. Those who used MDMA in the past year scored higher on Neuroticism and Psychoticism subscales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-A and reported greater sensation seeking.