A multidisciplinary working group reviewed evidence on the similarities and differences between hallucinations induced by psychedelics and those occurring in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, examining data from pharmacology, brain imaging, phenomenology, and anthropology. The authors highlight both shared features and distinct characteristics across these scales, and attempt to integrate findings using computational approaches. They conclude with recommendations for future research, emphasizing the need for further study to clarify the relationship between these types of hallucinations.
Bayne and Carter argue that psychedelic-induced consciousness does not fit the traditional view of modes as levels of consciousness, supporting instead a multi-dimensional account where modes differ along several dimensions without a linear ordering. The authors discuss the assumption that psychedelics induce a single mode of consciousness and raise conceptual issues with the traditional account. They also pose questions about how to individuate the dimensions that differentiate modes of consciousness, suggesting these could be addressed in future discussions of the multi-dimensional account.