Safety considerations and risk mitigation strategies for ketamine use: a comprehensive review.
Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) May 1, 2025 Reem Sayad, Ahmed Saad Elsaeidy, Amna M Anis et al. 7 citations
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is used for anesthesia, pain management, and treatment-resistant depression, but safety concerns persist. This review summarizes adverse effects, particularly cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and dependency risks. Evidence-based guidelines for administration, dosing, and monitoring are discussed, emphasizing risk-benefit assessments. Future directions include enhanced safety protocols, long-term outcomes, and individualized dosing.