Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
May 1, 2025
Reem Sayad, Ahmed Saad Elsaeidy, Amna M Anis et al.
7 citations
Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, is used for anesthesia, pain management, and treatment-resistant depression, but safety concerns persist. This review summarizes adverse effects, particularly cardiovascular, neuropsychiatric, and dependency risks. Evidence-based guidelines for administration, dosing, and monitoring are discussed, emphasizing risk-benefit assessments. Future directions include enhanced safety protocols, long-term outcomes, and individualized dosing.
Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
January 1, 2026
Sana Rasheed, Rida Arif, Ahmed Asad Raza et al.
1 citation
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound, shows promise as a treatment for major depressive disorder, especially when traditional therapies fail. Evidence from clinical studies between 2014 and 2024 indicates that psilocybin acts on serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, enhancing neuroplasticity and brain connectivity to produce rapid and sustained symptom relief. However, its classification as a Schedule I substance in many countries and societal stigma have restricted research and use. Overcoming regulatory barriers, conducting larger and more diverse studies, and establishing long-term safety and efficacy data are critical for integrating psilocybin into mainstream mental health care.
Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)
March 1, 2025
Yeganeh Pakbaz, Sepideh Eydivandi, Ayda Khandani et al.
1 citation
Chronic opioid use may dampen the neuroendocrine response to surgical stress. In a rat model, animals addicted to morphine or opium showed lower corticosterone levels after laparotomy than controls, though the difference was not statistically significant. Blood glucose, a marker of stress-induced hyperglycemia, was significantly higher in control rats both immediately after surgery and 30 minutes later, indicating a sustained response that was blunted in addicted rats. No significant differences emerged between morphine- and opium-addicted groups. The findings suggest that long-term opioid exposure can alter the body's hormonal stress response, potentially affecting recovery from surgery. However, the small sample size and lack of baseline measurements limit the conclusions.