Mixed-Mode Solid-Phase Extraction Procedures for the Determination of MDMA and Metabolites in Urine Using LC-MS, LC-UV, or GC-NPD
Journal of Analytical Toxicology January 1, 2004 K. M. Jenkins, Michael S. Young, Claude R. Mallet et al. 33 citations
A solid-phase extraction method using a mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge effectively cleans and concentrates MDMA and its metabolites MDA and HMMA from urine for analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Recoveries ranged from 88% to 108% across concentrations of 0.10 to 20 micrograms per milliliter. The LC-MS method required the least sample handling, offered the highest throughput, and provided better selectivity for HMMA in real samples compared with LC-UV. GC with nitrogen-phosphorus detection gave comparable selectivity but involved more manipulation, leading to lower recovery and precision. Lower quantitation limits were 0.1 microgram per milliliter for MDMA and MDA and 0.04 microgram per milliliter for HMMA.