Current Neuropharmacology
October 20, 2025
Vassilis Martiadis, Fabiola Raffone, Danilo Atripaldi et al.
21 citations
A single dose of esketamine quickly reduced suicidal thoughts and depression in people with treatment-resistant depression. Preliminary evidence suggests that men and women may respond differently, indicating that personalized treatment approaches could improve results. More research is needed to confirm these gender differences, examine long-term effects, and understand the biological reasons behind them.
Journal of Clinical Medicine
February 20, 2026
Vassilis Martiadis, Fabiola Raffone, Serena Testa et al.
7 citations
Intranasal esketamine provides rapid symptom relief for treatment-resistant depression when standard antidepressants fail, but its real-world effectiveness depends on organizational and multidisciplinary factors beyond pharmacology. This narrative review synthesizes clinical and real-world evidence to propose a phase-based integration framework that specifies complementary roles for psychiatry, nursing, and psychotherapy across pre-treatment assessment, induction, session delivery, post-session integration, and maintenance phases. The framework emphasizes safety, continuity of care, and patient-centred monitoring, with measurable implementation indicators. While evidence supports esketamine's efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms, anhedonia, and suicidality, prospective implementation studies are needed to evaluate clinical effectiveness, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of the proposed multidisciplinary approach.