Movement Disorders Unit, Sant Pau Hospital, Hospital Sant Pau., C/ Mas Casanovas 90., 08041 Barcelona, Spain; UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED(Network Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases), Spain.
2 papers in the library · 80 citations · publishing 2023-2024
Eight distinct models of complex visual hallucinations have been proposed since 2000, each based on different views of brain organization. Researchers from each model group have now agreed on an integrated Visual Hallucination Framework that aligns with current theories of both real and hallucinatory vision. The Framework identifies cognitive systems involved in hallucinations and enables systematic investigation of how hallucination experiences relate to changes in underlying cognitive structures. The episodic nature of hallucinations points to separate factors for their onset, persistence, and end, suggesting a complex relationship between temporary states and long-term traits of hallucination risk. The Framework also suggests new research directions and potential treatments for distressing hallucinations.
Psychosis in Parkinson disease (PDP) includes illusions, hallucinations, and delusions that can appear even early in the disease. While once thought to be solely a side effect of dopaminergic drugs, evidence now shows PDP results from the disease's own brain changes combined with medication. Dysfunction in attentional control, sensory processing, limbic structures, the default mode network, and thalamocortical connections leads to incorrect categorization of stimuli and false percepts. This review covers recent clinical, neuroimaging, and neurochemical findings that may help identify psychotic phenomena early and guide new treatments.