BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
June 1, 2022
Ismael Palacios-García, Gwynne A Mhuireach, Aitana Grasso-Cladera et al.
13 citations
Human cognition depends not only on brain processes but also on bodily and environmental factors, a view known as the 4E perspective (embodied, embedded, enacted, extended). The human microbiome—the community of microorganisms living in and on the body—is a key mediator of this interaction, influencing brain function and mental health across a person's lifetime. This theoretical review presents a 4E approach to the microbiome, arguing that microbial networks from the gut, skin, and built environments shape mental processes. The authors review evidence for this framework and outline future research and clinical interventions that integrate biological, psychological, social, and environmental factors, particularly targeting the brain-gut-microbiome axis for low-cost, personalized mental health treatments.
The European journal of neuroscience
August 1, 2024
Francisco J Parada, Aitana Grasso-Cladera, Alejandra Rossi et al.
11 citations
The 3E-Cognition perspective—emphasizing the embodied, environmentally scaffolded, and enactive nature of cognition—offers a paradigm shift away from deficit-based views of neurodiversity. By focusing on the dynamic interplay between brain, body, and environment, it promotes inclusive practices in education, workplace, and healthcare. Examples illustrate how spaces, methodologies, and roles can be designed to accommodate diverse strengths. Challenges include the need for technological advances and real-world research, with mobile brain/body imaging suggested as a solution. The perspective values diverse ways of experiencing the world, fostering well-being, innovation, and creativity.
Aitana Grasso-Cladera, Stefanella Costa-Cordella, Alejandra Rossi et al.
2 citations
preprint
Measuring the complexity of human cognition in real-world settings is difficult because traditional lab experiments lack ecological validity. The Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) approach addresses this by integrating sensorimotor information, personal experience, and future possibilities. This article argues that MoBI is best understood through the Embodied, Embedded, Extended, and Enactive (4E) framework. It reviews the technological advances enabling MoBI and discusses its strengths and limitations for studying cognition, with an emphasis on the Chilean context.