MDMA-related deaths in Australia 2000 to 2018.
The International journal on drug policy December 19, 2019 A. Roxburgh, J. Lappin 43 citations
Between 2001 and 2018, 392 MDMA-related deaths occurred in Australia, mostly among males in their mid-twenties. Two-thirds of deaths were caused by drug toxicity, with half involving multiple drugs and 14% caused by MDMA alone; the remaining third resulted from other causes, mainly motor vehicle accidents. Death rates rose from 2001 to 2007, fell from 2008 to 2010, then rose again from 2011 to 2016, mirroring international supply trends. Females who died were younger than males and had higher median MDMA blood concentrations (0.70 vs. 0.42 mg/L). Deaths from MDMA alone showed higher concentrations than those involving multiple drugs.