MDMA (Ecstasy)
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry January 1, 2007 Rif S. El-Mallakh, Henry David Abraham 17 citations
MDMA (Ecstasy) is a synthetic amphetamine analogue used recreationally for its mood-enhancing effects, and its use is increasing among young people in Western countries. Unlike traditional drugs of abuse, MDMA dependence and dose escalation are relatively uncommon. However, MDMA is neurotoxic, damaging serotonergic neurons and impairing memory and mood. There are few effective treatments for acute intoxication or the long-term consequences of use. The literature indicates MDMA has a wide range of adverse effects.