A mathematical model originally developed for supercritical fluid extraction of cannabinoids was tested for liquid extraction of other psychoactive compounds. The model successfully predicted extraction times and recoveries for quasi-counter current liquid-solid extractions of psilocin from hallucinogenic mushrooms, mescaline from cactus, harmine from a tropical liana, and salvinorin A from sage. Calculated component transport constants indicated extraction velocity: higher constants correspond to faster extraction. For mushrooms, pretreatment with liquid nitrogen markedly improved psilocin extractability.
A new high-performance liquid chromatography method accurately measures LSD and separates it from its degradation product iso-LSD. Validated according to international guidelines, the method works even when LSD is exposed to stress conditions that cause breakdown. Applied to illicit microdosing samples from a New Zealand drug checking service, the analysis found a significant discrepancy between users' estimated doses and actual LSD levels. This highlights risks for people using non-pharmaceutical microdosing preparations and underscores the need for reliable quality control to ensure safety.