Adicciones
September 1, 2009
Cristina Mustata, Marta Torrens, Ricardo Pardo et al.
33 citations
Since 2004, herbal smoking blends sold under the brand Spice drugs have been available online and in smart shops, advertised as aromatic incense not for human use. Users report effects similar to cannabis, and forensic analyses have identified potent synthetic cannabinoid agonists such as JWH-018, CP 47497, JWH-073, and HU-210 in these products. Very little data exist on their pharmacological properties in animals, and no information on their toxicity is available. Their pharmacology, toxicology, and safety in humans remain largely unknown, with only user reports from Internet forums. Neither the plant ingredients nor the identified cannabinoids are listed in the UN 1961 or 1971 controlled substance conventions. Some countries have recently taken legal action to prohibit or control these products.
Adicciones
July 14, 2020
David Rentero Martín, F. Árias, Sergio Sánchez-Romero et al.
13 citations
Cannabis use is a known risk factor for psychosis. Among three inpatient groups—cannabis-induced psychosis, schizophrenia with cannabis use, and schizophrenia without cannabis use—those with cannabis-induced psychosis had lower negative symptom scores, fewer auditory hallucinations, and more mania than those with schizophrenia and cannabis use. Few clinical differences appeared between schizophrenia groups regardless of cannabis history. The age of first admission for psychosis was lower in both cannabis-using groups, suggesting cannabis precipitates psychotic symptoms.
Adicciones
December 15, 2004
Andrea Vélez Cárdenas, Augusto Pérez Gómez
8 citations
Ayahuasca (yajé), a hallucinogenic substance used since ancient times by Indigenous communities in South America for mystical, divinatory, and religious purposes, is now appearing in urban settings with new meanings and characteristics. This study analyzed motivations for yajé consumption among 40 people in Bogotá, Colombia, who had used it two or more times, using a validated motivation scale and semi-structured interviews with four participants. The main motivations for repeated use were therapeutic and emotional: individuals sought psychic well-being, including tranquility, inner peace, mental clarity, and resolution of personal stagnation or life problems.
Adicciones
December 15, 2003
Josep Solé Puig
1 citation
More than 2% of the Spanish population reports having used LSD. The drug acts through serotonergic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmitter systems. LSD and its analogs have been used as experimental psychotomimetics, but rapid tolerance to subjective effects and visual hallucinations undermines the hallucinogen-psychodelic model of schizophrenia. The most frequent adverse psychic effects following LSD use or abuse are anxiety disorders, mood disorders, perceptual disorders (hallucinogen persisting perception disorder, flashbacks), and psychotic disorders. Treatment of these adverse effects is symptomatic, with anxiolytics and antipsychotics most commonly used. The potential therapeutic use of LSD in psychedelic therapies and alcoholism is discussed, but with limited impact. LSD and other hallucinogens are used recreationally but carry a risk of psychic harm that can be prevented and adequately treated.
Adicciones
March 31, 2026
Bernardino Barceló Martín, José Manuel Arteaga Armas, Isabel Gomila Muñiz et al.
Including DMT in chemical submission protocols is recommended when victims may have attended spiritual rituals or when patients report brief but intense visual and auditory hallucinations. DMT can cause false positive results in amphetamine screenings, which may indicate its presence, though not all screening methods are equally affected.