The global expansion of ayahuasca carries both creative and destructive potential for mental health, depending on the historical and social context of Indigenous peoples' exclusion and marginalization since the colonial period. Ongoing studies of ayahuasca's therapeutic effects indicate that proper management and interdisciplinary collaboration between ancestral knowledge and Western psychology/psychiatry are essential. The article concludes that a fair and respectful exchange with Indigenous knowledge is necessary to avoid predatory appropriation.
Nature in Wicca, a modern religion that emerged in twentieth-century Europe, functions more as an allegorical construction than as a direct ecological appeal. Drawing on a literature review of ethical and emic sources, the article argues that Wicca's view of nature is strongly shaped by literary Romanticism and anthropological discussions, leading to an idealization of a pre-industrial agrarian past. The analysis focuses on three core elements: the symbolic development of the fertility goddess and the horned god, and the allegorical structure of the wheel of the year. These elements reveal tensions between modernity and primitivism, country and city, and immanent versus transcendent religiosities. The article also discusses the urban adaptation of Wiccan practice and the ambiguities of the concept of nature in its literature, emphasizing its symbolic and idealized character.