Treatment-resistant depression is a major challenge in psychiatry, and subanesthetic doses of ketamine show rapid antidepressant effects for patients who do not respond to standard therapies. This review of evidence up to 2021 examines the role of anesthesiologists in administering ketamine, emphasizing that their involvement improves care quality through pharmacological expertise and advanced safety practices. The analysis indicates that collaboration between psychiatrists and anesthesiologists, along with rigorous monitoring and controlled settings, is essential for efficacy and safety. However, ethical and regulatory hurdles remain in standardizing protocols and forming interdisciplinary teams. The use of ketamine under anesthetic supervision represents a promising frontier, combining innovation with clinical responsibility.
Ayahuasca, a tea made from Banisteriopsis caapi vine and Psychotria viridis leaves used in religious rituals like Santo Daime, shows promise for treating depression. A literature review of Portuguese and English articles examined its pharmacological effects in trials and pre-clinical studies. The tea contains bioactive compounds, beta-carbolines and DMT, that interact synergistically to alter perception and emotions. The research found a significant increase in serotonin but did not demonstrate a constant and effective pharmacological effect as a therapeutic. The tests were consistent, indicating the need for more research into ayahuasca's proper interactions to ensure safety and efficacy before widespread treatment use.