Философская мысль
February 1, 2023
M. Shugurov, Sergei Ivanovich Mozzhilin
1 citation
Analytical psychology, as developed by C.G. Jung, conceptualizes mystical experience as a syncretic and trans-confessional phenomenon aimed at resolving the modern spiritual crisis. Unlike religious studies, it engages theology and new religious movements in dialogue, using psychoanalytic practices to revive individuals' mystical experiences and achieve mental health. This approach aligns with the universalist paradigm in religious studies, which holds that all mystical traditions share certain invariants. A consequence of this universalism has been the erosion of the classical Western Christian mystical tradition, replaced by new mystical practices within new religious movements.
Философская мысль
January 1, 2022
M. Shugurov, Yuliya M. Duplinskaya
1 citation
S. L. Frank's philosophy of religion, framed as a philosophical mystical theology, uses a conceptual matrix of 'wise ignorance' and phenomenological method to examine the religious-mystical experience of Christianity. The authors argue that Frank's approach represents a version of contemplative mysticism, not a special philosophical reflection on the diversity of Christian mysticism, and that it functions within a universal Christian paradigm. His individual mystical experiences and their rational categorization are central to his system. The apophatic model of 'wise ignorance' enables theoretical reflection on deep layers of both mystical-philosophical and Christian religious-mystical experience, revealing an essential archetype underlying the diversity of that experience.
Философская мысль
September 1, 2021
P. Abramov
Buddhist ontology of three worlds—matter, mind, and abstract concepts—largely coincides with Karl Popper's three-world system but offers advantages over dualism. The third world mediates between the other two and is not fully conditioned by them; knowledge in it develops consciousness. A thought experiment with atoms shows no indivisible elements exist, everything is interdependent, and Buddhist logic supports boundless development of love and compassion. Consciousness cannot be reduced to matter yet is inseparable from energy processes. The three fundamental attributes of consciousness—subjectivity, intentionality, reflexivity—can be extended with continuous virtue development and interdependence between consciousness and subtle matter. On the phenomenal level there are three realms, but on the noumenal level there is unity, a point Popper does not recognize.
Философская мысль
March 1, 2021
Лапатин Вадим Альбертович
Phenomenological reduction, as conceived by E. Husserl, cannot be fully realized through theoretical means because its requirements of directness and non-prerequisiteness are impossible to satisfy in verbal expression. However, it can be implemented as a practice, with Buddhist meditation serving as an example. Comparing phenomenology and Buddhism reveals that, despite similar starting points and subject matter, they reach markedly different conclusions about consciousness. The fundamental difference concerns the problem of the self: Buddhism does not recognize the apodictic evidence of the empirical or transcendental ego, basing this view on observation of the mind's variable nature in meditation. Further differences involve interpretations of intentionality and ideation.
Философская мысль
July 1, 2023
D. V. Gluzdov
Philosophical anthropology and neuroscience can together illuminate fundamental questions about consciousness, intelligence, and the ethical implications of artificial intelligence. The article proposes an interdisciplinary approach that combines dialectical, hermeneutic, and phenomenological methods from philosophy with empirical findings from neuroscience. This dialogue allows philosophical anthropology to provide a conceptual framework for understanding human experience while neuroscience offers empirical evidence to test and refine philosophical theories. The interplay between these fields can yield insights into consciousness, the self, and free will, though problems remain in bridging philosophical and empirical perspectives.