Ecstasy (MDMA) dependence

MDMA is usually considered non-addictive, but three cases show that dependence criteria can be met in rare instances. Recognizing that MDMA can be addictive in exceptional cases is important because very heavy use may cause lasting neuronal changes. Effective identification and treatment of dependent individuals could reduce this risk. In one case, dependence was linked to self-medication of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Study at a glance

Abstract

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is generally described as non-addictive. However, this report describes three cases in which criteria for dependence were met. A wider understanding that MDMA can be addictive in rare cases is important as very heavy use may cause lasting neuronal changes. This risk could be reduced with effective identification and treatment of dependent persons. In one case dependence was linked with self-medication of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).