Resting-state brain networks may help explain hallucinations across different sensory modalities and populations. This report from the International Consortium on Hallucination Research reviews evidence linking resting-state alterations to auditory hallucinations, finding connectivity differences in left-hemisphere auditory and language regions, plus atypical interactions of the default mode network with networks for cognitive control and salience. Similar patterns appear in visual hallucinations, suggesting both domain-general and modality-specific network changes. However, high methodological heterogeneity across studies limits direct comparisons. The authors offer recommendations for future research on resting-state connectivity and hallucinations.
About half of the millions of people who learn mindfulness meditation continue regular practice after initial instruction, but it is unclear whether benefits increase with ongoing practice or whether harm can occur. Evidence shows a wide range of experiences from positive to challenging and potentially harmful. Complex interactions and temporal sequences may explain these experiences and their links to health and well-being. Effects may vary systematically due to factors like initial dosage, accumulated practice, developing skill, and interactions with past experiences and environment. The authors call for interdisciplinary, ontologically agnostic research using longitudinal models and insights from contemplative traditions to develop safer, more effective applications.