Second-generation mindfulness-based interventions (SG-MBIs), which incorporate ethical and moral practices, effectively reduce depression and anxiety in adults. A meta-analysis of 43 randomized controlled trials on depression (3,756 participants) and 37 on anxiety (3,199 participants) found moderate to large effects: depression improved by a standardized mean difference of 0.59 and anxiety by 0.61. Effects remained significant after removing outlier studies (depression: 0.44; anxiety: 0.40). Clinical populations benefited more than healthy or mixed samples. Follow-up data from 20 trials showed sustained depression reductions (0.70). Most trials had some methodological concerns, but excluding high-risk studies did not change the results. SG-MBIs appear especially valuable for clinical groups and self-compassion-focused interventions.
Postpartum depression affects 10-20% of women after childbirth, with rates up to 30-50% in high-risk groups. A multimodal analgesic protocol combining dexmedetomidine and esketamine, given during and after cesarean delivery, was associated with a lower incidence of postpartum depression at six weeks (14.6% vs. 29.1% in controls), better sleep quality, and reduced opioid use in 82 high-risk parturients. The intervention group showed a greater decrease in depression scores and improved sleep scores. Transient psychotomimetic effects occurred in 8.5% of patients. These findings suggest the protocol may reduce postpartum depression risk, though randomized trials are needed to confirm causality.