Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
August 4, 2020
Cecile Giovannetti, Sara García Arce, Brian Rush et al.
55 citations
Integrating ayahuasca and traditional Amazonian medicine with psychotherapy in an inpatient addiction treatment program for men significantly reduced anxiety and depression. Patients' Beck Anxiety Inventory scores dropped from 20.8 to 11.6, and Beck Depression Inventory scores fell from 30.9 to 13.7. Improvements in quality of life, spirituality, and treatment satisfaction correlated with these reductions. The results support the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca and Amazonian medicine in mental health treatments.
Frontiers in Pharmacology
May 19, 2021
Brian Rush, Olivia Marcus, Sara Mallén García et al.
26 citations
This paper describes the protocol for the Ayahuasca Treatment Outcome Project (ATOP), which evaluates addiction treatment services at the Takiwasi Center in the Peruvian Amazon. The project aims to assess outcomes and understand therapeutic mechanisms of an ayahuasca-assisted, integrative treatment model for addiction rehabilitation. The protocol emphasizes the importance of treatment setting in designing and delivering a program involving the psychedelic tea ayahuasca. A mixed-methods approach to data collection and analysis is used to understand why, how, and for whom the treatment is effective across various outcomes.
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
July 1, 2020
Ilana Berlowitz, Heinrich Walt, Christian Ghasarian et al.
19 citations
The Amazonian medicine-based therapy attracts a diverse group of patients, including those from outside the region, and may be especially appealing to individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) who have a history of unsuccessful treatment. The cultural diversity of the sample indicates international interest in such therapies among SUD treatment-seeking patients. These findings are relevant to the need for improved SUD therapies and add to the growing research on ayahuasca-based treatments.
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
September 1, 2024
Brian Rush, Olivia Marcus, Sara García et al.
12 citations
One year after completing an ayahuasca-assisted, integrative addiction treatment program at the Takiwasi Centre in Peru, 52 participants showed significant reductions in alcohol and drug use severity, depression, and anxiety, and improvements in some quality-of-life dimensions. The majority rated all program aspects as important, particularly the spiritual and therapeutic significance of the ayahuasca experience. However, there was considerable individual variation in outcomes and treatment duration. Within the limitations of an uncontrolled observational study, the findings suggest promise for ayahuasca's effectiveness in a multifactorial treatment context for individuals with significant treatment histories, high comorbidity, and treatment motivation.
Journal of psychoactive drugs
January 1, 2023
Anja Loizaga-Velder, Cecile Giovannetti, Ricardo Campoy Gomez et al.
9 citations
An outpatient therapeutic program run by Yaqui health professionals and traditional healers for Yaqui tribe members in Sonora, Mexico, combines traditional Indigenous healing practices—including sweatlodge (temazcal), medicinal plants, and ritual use of naturally derived psychedelics such as ayahuasca, peyote, and Incilius alvarius secretions—with culturally adapted group and individual psychotherapy, sports, meals, construction work, and cultural activities. Three case studies from an ongoing observational study show therapeutic progress and improved psychometric outcomes, suggesting this intercultural approach holds promise for addressing substance use disorders and mental health issues in Indigenous communities.
Healthcare policy = Politiques de sante
May 1, 2023
Sarah Kratina, Christopher Lo, Carol Strike et al.
8 citations
Canada is moving toward enabling access to therapeutic psychedelics. Federal initiatives now allow case-by-case requests for psychedelic-assisted therapies (PATs) to treat enduring and intolerable psychological suffering (EIPS) linked to life-threatening conditions. Renewed research, promising clinical trial results, public and media interest, and recognition of traditional Indigenous use have shifted the narrative around these stigmatized substances. The lack of access to PATs for EIPS, particularly at end of life, is presented as a public policy problem needing attention.
Journal of Psychedelic Studies
January 24, 2025
Cecile Giovannetti, Anja Loizaga-Velder, Ricardo Campoy Gomez et al.
5 citations
An outpatient clinic serving a Yaqui Indigenous community in Mexico integrated ayahuasca ceremonies with psychotherapeutic support to treat substance use and mental health disorders. In 37 patients with depression, anxiety, complicated grief, or substance use disorder, symptom scores dropped substantially after two ceremonies: depression scores fell from 15.7 to 5.1, anxiety from 16.6 to 6.3, and complicated grief from 39.6 to 10.7. Among eight patients with suicide risk, seven no longer showed risk after one ceremony. The ceremonies were well-tolerated. The findings suggest that culturally-attuned, community-based ayahuasca-assisted therapy may rapidly reduce mental health symptoms and warrants further study.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
April 1, 2024
Doris Payer, Sukhpreet Klaire, Dominique Morisano et al.
4 citations
A 2022 scientific research conference in Toronto brought together stakeholders from multiple disciplines to discuss the potential role of psychedelic compounds in treating mental health and substance use disorders. This Special Issue includes 8 papers based on conference presentations, covering quantitative and qualitative works plus two letters to the editors. The articles present the current state of psychedelic research, viewpoints on impacts for underrepresented communities, the need to recognize the history of these compounds beyond the new Western renaissance, and the complexities of integrating psychedelics into mainstream medicine. The collection emphasizes that collaboration can advance the field to harness its potential impact.
Politics & Policy
January 24, 2026
Sarah Kratina, Robert Schwartz, Carol Strike et al.
2 citations
End-of-life psychological distress is not adequately addressed by current interventions in Canada. Stakeholders view psychedelic therapies as a potential option, though evidence is limited and evolving, with mixed opinions on safety and appropriateness. Federal regulations provide only limited access amid cautious regulatory changes. Provincial efforts in Alberta and Québec have made progress: Alberta adjusted regulations and insurance coverage, while Québec covered family physician costs for administering psychedelic interventions. Sociopolitical factors, including the judicial process and underground market, may significantly influence policy development. Political barriers remain significant despite partial merging of problem, policy, and politics streams.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
April 1, 2024
David T. Kryszajtys, Jacqueline L. Bender, Brian Rush et al.
2 citations
People who use psychedelics to self-treat depression and anxiety often arrive at that decision after being dissatisfied with standard mental health care. An analysis of 98 posts from online discussion threads revealed a four-stage decision-making process: first, frustration with conventional treatment; second, exploring limited information about psychedelic options; third, trial-and-error use despite safety uncertainties; and fourth, either continuing or stopping self-treatment. Those who continued adapted their practices over time. Decisions were guided by personal and peers' experiences rather than scientific evidence, and many avoided healthcare and official sources due to stigma and legal concerns. The findings suggest a need for user-informed decisional support to reduce harm.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)
January 30, 2026
Veronica Magar, Marlena Robbins, Óscar Martín López Fernández Lobo Blanco et al.
1 citation
Indigenous Peoples have long stewarded natural psychoactive medicines through ceremony and kinship, yet their contributions are often marginalized in psychedelic science. This commentary argues for reciprocal collaboration grounded in Indigenous sovereignty, cultural rights, and governance. Drawing on traditions involving ayahuasca, psilocybin, peyote, and iboga, it illustrates how Indigenous methodologies offer critical insights for safety and efficacy. The authors call for embedding free, prior, and informed consent, equitable benefit-sharing, and Indigenous leadership in research and policy, moving beyond tokenism toward systemic change. They conclude by urging formal, transparent convening processes modeled on WHO global consultations to bring Indigenous leaders, researchers, and policymakers together.
General hospital psychiatry
January 1, 2026
David T Kryszajtys, Carol J Strike, Brian Rush et al.
1 citation
Desperation for relief from persistent depression and anxiety, after standard treatments fail, shapes how people decide to self-treat with psychedelics. Analyzing 108 Reddit discussion threads, members who expressed desperation described a tipping point where worsening mental health and frustration with conventional care made relief feel urgent. This urgency led to rapid, unplanned self-treatment with psychedelics, often without researching options or using harm reduction, despite acknowledged risks. Some reported relief, while others linked worsening mental health to multiple desperation-driven decisions. These interpretations may inform clinical psychedelic models, where access is often granted after other treatments fail, and similar urgency may influence engagement and outcomes.
PloS one
January 1, 2025
Sarah Kratina, Carol Strike, Robert Schwartz et al.
1 citation
Psychedelic substances show growing therapeutic potential for easing psychological suffering at the end of life, yet policy remains restrictive. Existing reviews have mostly covered psilocybin for anxiety and depression, but have not adequately addressed the range of substances (ayahuasca, psilocybin, ketamine) and therapeutic approaches (psychedelics alone or with psychotherapy) used specifically in end-of-life populations. This scoping review will follow Arksey and O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines to search health science databases for empirical studies on psychedelic interventions, psychological suffering, and end-of-life issues. Extracted data will cover intervention details, participant characteristics, outcomes, and theorised mechanisms to inform future care strategies.
Substance use & addiction journal
January 1, 2026
Olivia Marcus, Brian Rush
Growing evidence from population surveys, observational studies, and clinical trials suggests that psychedelics may help treat substance use disorders and improve well-being, though methodological concerns limit the validity and generalizability of findings. Symptom reduction appears linked to pharmacological, spiritual, and interpersonal processes. The review calls for more transparent clinical research, larger studies tracking long-term outcomes, and greater investment in observational, naturalistic, and population-level research to address safety, real-world effectiveness, accessibility, and ethical issues, including respect for Indigenous and traditional communities.
October 27, 2023
Sarah Kratina, Christopher Lo, Robert Schwartz et al.
preprint
A scoping review protocol describes plans to comprehensively map the range of therapeutic psychedelic interventions reported in populations coping with life-threatening illness and end-of-life issues. The review will follow Arksey and O'Malley's framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines to search for studies on psychedelic substances, psychological suffering, and end-of-life concerns. Data will be extracted on intervention details, participant characteristics, outcomes, theorized mechanisms, and sociocultural context. The insights aim to inform discussions about the role of psychedelic interventions for end-of-life populations.