Integrating mindfulness skills training into group prenatal healthcare delivered in Spanish and English is feasible and may reduce postpartum depression. In a pragmatic pilot trial, 49 pregnant people (90% Black, Indigenous, and People of Color; 65% Latina/e/x; 63% Spanish-speaking) were allocated to standard CenteringPregnancy group care or CenteringPregnancy enhanced with mindfulness skills drawn from Mindfulness-Based Childbirth and Parenting. The enhanced group showed lower postpartum depression with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.80) and a trend toward lower postpartum anxiety (Cohen's d = 0.59). Effects on mindfulness, affect, and perceived stress were only partially supported. Satisfaction with care was high in both conditions.
Connection to nature is linked to psychological wellbeing, and two studies tested whether mindfulness or spirituality explain this link. In Study 1 (219 young adults), mindful attention reduced anxiety and perceived stress, and mindful awareness reduced depression and increased positive states of mind; spirituality did not mediate these effects. In Study 2 (180 young adults), spirituality (self-transcendence) mediated wellbeing outcomes except anxiety, while none of the five facets of mindfulness were significant mediators. The roles of mindfulness and spirituality depend on how they are conceptualized and measured, indicating a need for conceptual clarity in future research.