Psilocybin, a psychoactive substance, shows high therapeutic potential in psychiatry. This review examines its chemical properties, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications for treating mental health disorders, supported by accumulating evidence. Clinical trials indicate psilocybin is safe with manageable side effects, but additional safety measures such as dosing protocols, patient monitoring, and distress management strategies are needed. The work aims to deepen understanding of psilocybin's clinical impact and proposes future research directions for its integration into mainstream psychiatric treatments.
A new fluorinated ketamine analog, 2-fluoro-2-oxo-PCPr, was identified in a 2025 drug seizure. Its chemical structure was determined using NMR, GC-MS, and LC-QTOF-MS. Duplicated NMR signals revealed two interconverting rotameric forms in an approximately 2:1 equilibrium, confirmed by GIAO-based DFT calculations. Metabolite profiling of abusers' urine identified pathways including glucuronidation, desaturation, hydrogenation, hydroxylation, carboxylation, and N-depropylation. The primary metabolite, nor-2-fluoro-2-oxo-PCPr, was detected in both urine and hair, suggesting it may serve as a long-term biomarker. These findings provide key data for detecting and monitoring this emerging psychoactive substance in forensic and clinical toxicology.