Journal of Ethnopharmacology
July 15, 2010
Olabode Ogunbodede, Douglas Mccombs, Keeper Trout et al.
54 citations
Mescaline concentrations in stem tissue of 14 taxa/cultivars of Echinopsis (subgenus Trichocereus) ranged from 0.053% to 4.7% by dry weight, spanning two orders of magnitude. Consistent analytical procedures allowed ranking of species and cultivars, all of which contained mescaline. The findings largely support the hypothesis that plants with the highest mescaline concentrations—especially E. pachanoi from Peru—are most associated with documented shamanic use in traditional South American medicine.
Haseltonia
February 1, 2015
Molly T. Klein, Md Abul Kalam, Keeper Trout et al.
12 citations
Mescaline concentrations in peyote are far higher in the crown than in other tissues. In mature plants from a single South Texas population, the average mescaline level in non-chlorophyllous stem was ten times lower than in the crown, and in root it was one hundred times lower. Non-chlorophyllous stem is a poor source of mescaline, and root is an extremely poor source. These findings imply that harvesting practices that cut non-chlorophyllous tissue kill the plant and prevent new crown regeneration, a conservation concern that should prompt reevaluation by harvesters and users.
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
July 24, 2017
Martin Terry, Keeper Trout
11 citations
The peyote cactus is a Schedule 1 controlled substance in the USA, with an exemption for Native American Church religious ceremonies. This paper examines the political and religious origins of peyote prohibition, documenting a coordinated effort by missionaries and prohibitionists over more than fifty years to pass a federal anti-peyote law, which succeeded with the Controlled Substances Act of 1970. The authors argue that these efforts were part of the forced acculturation and destruction of American Indian cultures. They compare peyote's regulatory history to that of cannabis, another Schedule 1 plant targeted during the same prohibitionist rise, and speculate on peyote's future legal status in light of ongoing changes.
Drug testing and analysis
December 1, 2024
Keeper Trout, Paul F. Daley
5 citations
The powerful psychedelic 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM, also known as STP) first appeared in 1967, but the full story is often missing details and includes inaccuracies. Alexander Shulgin supplied the material to Owsley Stanley, who then distributed it to the public for free. Shulgin took an immense risk because DOM was Dow Chemical's intellectual property, and discovery could have jeopardized his career. The article explores why Shulgin released the compound to clandestine operators. DOM faded into oblivion before its human pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics could be established, but it later contributed to non-clinical molecular neuroscience by elucidating receptor specificity. Mistaken warnings about combining DOM with chlorpromazine led to better non-pharmacological drug crisis response.