American Indian youth who use alcohol or marijuana in the past 30 days are more likely to use peyote, whether for spiritual or recreational purposes, though the link is stronger for recreational use. Youth who report higher religiosity and stronger cultural identity are more likely to use peyote spiritually but not recreationally. Grade, sex, and religious affiliation did not predict either type of peyote use. The findings come from a secondary analysis of survey data from 3,861 American Indian youth and suggest that prevention and treatment models should distinguish spiritual from recreational hallucinogen use in this population.
People who use psilocybin outside of clinical settings show diverse patterns of consumption. Three distinct user profiles emerged, differing in how often and how much psilocybin they used, and these profiles were linked to specific demographic traits. The findings suggest that psilocybin use is not uniform and that future research should investigate what influences different use outcomes and explore the variability in how people use the substance.