The Sonoran Desert Toad is the only animal known to secrete the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT as a chemical defense, but whether it produces this compound itself or acquires it from its diet was unclear. Analyzing toxin gland secretions and stomach contents from wild toads and other amphibians in and around Tucson, Arizona, showed that all Sonoran Desert Toads had high concentrations of 5-MeO-DMT, while other toad species did not. The diet of the Sonoran Desert Toad was similar to that of other amphibians, suggesting no special dietary source. Slight differences in diet between toads from native and urban habitats were observed. These findings indicate that diet is not directly linked to 5-MeO-DMT production, supporting the idea that the toads either synthesize the compound themselves or rely on a microbial partner.
The Sonoran Desert toad is the only animal known to secrete the psychedelic compound 5-MeO-DMT as a chemical defense, but its source was unknown. All Sonoran Desert toads secreted high concentrations of 5-MeO-DMT, while other sympatric toads did not. The diet of the Sonoran Desert toad was similar to that of other anurans living in the same area, indicating no dietary specialization. Slight dietary differences existed between toads in native and urban habitats. These findings suggest diet is not directly linked to 5-MeO-DMT production, supporting the hypothesis that the toad synthesizes the compound endogenously or via a microbial symbiont.