Annals of Internal Medicine
December 19, 2000
Steven J. Lester, Matthew J. Baggott, Susette Welm et al.
140 citations
A modest oral dose of MDMA (1.5 mg/kg) increases heart rate by 28 beats per minute, systolic blood pressure by 25 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure by 7 mm Hg, and cardiac output by 2 L per minute in healthy adults who have used the drug before. These cardiovascular effects are similar to those of the heart stimulant dobutamine at doses of 20 to 40 micrograms per kilogram per minute. Unlike dobutamine, MDMA shows no measurable effect on the heart's pumping strength (inotropism). The findings suggest that even moderate MDMA use raises myocardial oxygen demand without enhancing the heart's contractile force.
American Journal of Psychiatry
September 1, 1968
K. H. Blacker, Reese T. Jones, George C. Stone et al.
85 citations
Twenty-one chronic LSD users showed a shared set of magical-mystical beliefs, nonaggressive attitudes, and heightened sensitivity to certain sensory stimulation, as observed through interviews, cognitive and perceptual tests, and EEG studies. The authors suggest these beliefs and attitudes may have developed as learned consequences of frequent, intense LSD experiences in susceptible individuals.
Analytical Chemistry
July 15, 1988
Hyun Kyoon Lim, David M. Andrenyak, Paula Francom et al.
68 citations
A gas chromatography/resonance electron capture ionization mass spectrometry method was developed to quantify LSD and its metabolite N-demethyl-LSD in urine. The method achieved detection limits of 0.1 ng/mL for LSD and 0.2 ng/mL for N-demethyl-LSD, with linear calibration curves over a range of 0.5 to 20 ng/mL. The technique was applied to urine samples from human subjects administered known doses of LSD, demonstrating reliable identification and measurement of both compounds. The approach offers improved sensitivity and specificity for forensic and clinical detection of LSD use.