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Evrim Bayrak Oruc

Independent Researcher, Cleveland, OH 44113, USA.

3 papers in the library · 108 citations · publishing 2025-2026

Papers

Electroconvulsive Therapy, Ketamine, and Esketamine in a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder and Multiple Comorbidities: A Case Report over 10-year Treatment from Adolescence to Adulthood.

Psychopharmacology bulletin April 8, 2025 Keming Gao, Buket Koparal, Evrim Bayrak Oruc et al. 99 citations

A patient with treatment-resistant depression and multiple comorbid conditions (generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and borderline personality disorder) experienced some short-term benefit from electroconvulsive therapy and ketamine infusion. Over a ten-year period from adolescence to adulthood, she had two separate periods of two-year stability, first with compounded ketamine intranasal spray and later with intranasal esketamine. She has been relatively stable without hospitalization or suicide attempt for more than two years on esketamine, suggesting that patients with complex treatment-resistant depression may benefit from ketamine-based treatments at different developmental stages.

Pharmacological Monotherapy for Depressive Disorders: Current and Future-A Narrative Review.

Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) March 21, 2025 Keming Gao, Evrim Bayrak Oruc, Buket Koparal 9 citations

Monoamine-based antidepressants, including SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, TCAs, mirtazapine, and agomelatine, show similar efficacy relative to placebo but differ in acceptability. The STAR*D study found sertraline, venlafaxine, and bupropion equally effective after citalopram failure. Dextromethorphan-bupropion, ketamine, and esketamine act faster but with effect sizes similar to monoamine drugs. Brexanolone and zuranolone are effective for postpartum depression, though zuranolone's effect in major depressive disorder is very small. Psychedelics show rapid, large, and durable effects but await phase III confirmation. NMDA receptor antagonists and neurosteroids may gain importance, while monoamine-based drugs likely remain mainstream.

Electroconvulsive Therapy and Ketamine Infusion in Patients with Bipolar I or II Depression: A Case Series.

Psychopharmacology bulletin June 5, 2026 Keming Gao, Evrim Bayrak Oruc, Heather Wobbe et al.

Among six patients with bipolar depression who received both electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and ketamine infusion (KET-IFU) in routine care, most responded well to ECT, with four showing at least 50% improvement on a depression self-report scale. Half of those who responded to ECT also responded to KET-IFU, though the onset of antidepressant effect differed between treatments. One patient did not respond to either treatment. Subjective memory concerns led five patients to try KET-IFU after ECT, though their cognitive test scores were normal. No patient stopped KET-IFU due to side effects. The findings suggest that some patients with bipolar depression may benefit similarly from both treatments, but head-to-head randomized studies are needed.