Can disorders of subjective time inform the differential diagnosis of psychiatric disorders? A transdiagnostic taxonomy of time.
Early intervention in psychiatry March 1, 2023 Lachlan Kent, Barnaby Nelson, Georg Northoff 35 citations
Distortions in how time is experienced, perceived, and processed appear across many psychiatric disorders, including depression, mania, anxiety, autism, impulse-control, dissociative, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders. A proposed Transdiagnostic Taxonomy of (disordered) Time (TTT) maps these temporal disturbances onto a 2 × 2 × 2 state space that combines psychological models of temporal processing with phenomenological models of subjective time experience. The taxonomy differentiates diagnoses primarily involving distorted macro-level phenomenal temporal experiences (anxiety, dissociation/PTSD, depression, mania) from those involving distorted micro-level temporal processing (psychotic, impulse-control, autistic, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders). Temporal distortions may precede functional decline, suggesting potential for early detection and intervention in at-risk groups.