The rhythms of trance: Cultural phenomenology and neural mechanisms of music-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews July 1, 2026 Athanasia Kontouli, Michael J Hove, Alexandre Lehmann et al.
Trance states induced by music, from shamanic rituals to electronic dance music raves, share common musical features and cultural narratives. Anthropological and neuroscientific evidence suggests that different forms of trance engage partially overlapping neural dynamics, including increased low-frequency brain wave synchronization and a shift from executive control networks to limbic and default mode networks. These patterns reflect the interplay of cognitive, emotional, and sensory systems, though current empirical evidence remains fragmented and methodologically heterogeneous. The review emphasizes trance as both a cultural and biological phenomenon and calls for integrating phenomenological and neurophysiological data to build comprehensive models of music-induced non-ordinary states of consciousness.