Chronic microdosing with in vitro cultured Psilocybe cubensis mycelium reduced anxious behavior in male C57BL/6J mice on day 22, but did not affect locomotor activity, depressive, anxiety-related, or anhedonic behaviors at later stages. Psilocybin was present only in the Cambodian strain mycelium at 20.78 mg per 100 g dry weight. The results suggest potential for anxiety prevention, but further studies with higher doses or alternative models are needed to confirm these findings.
Esketamine protects heart muscle cells from injury caused by a lack of oxygen followed by reoxygenation, a model of heart attack damage. The protection works by blocking a cellular cleanup process called autophagy through a specific signaling chain. Esketamine reduced cell death, lowered autophagy markers, and prevented a rise in calcium inside the cells. Increasing autophagy or calcium levels weakened esketamine's protective effect. The drug acts by inhibiting the TRPV1 calcium channel, which then suppresses the CaMKKβ/AMPK/mTOR pathway. The findings suggest esketamine could be a candidate for reducing heart damage from ischemia-reperfusion injury.