1007 results for "Mindfulness"
[[Dreams]visions in Hoffmann's «fairy tales»: An experience of phenomenological description].
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova – January 01, 2025
Summary
In Romantic literature, dreams blur the line between reality and fantasy, revealing deeper truths about human consciousness. Through vivid descriptions of dreaming states, Hoffmann explores the ambivalence between everyday perception and heightened awareness. His characters experience both enlightening visions and terrifying nightmares, reflecting natural philosophy's view of interconnected existence. The visionary experiences are marked by intense sensations, fluid boundaries, and creative energy.
Abstract
The article highlights the stable characteristics of the world of dreams/visions, which is revealed to Hoffmann's visionaries in borderline, «twili...
A dualist theory of experience.
Philosophical studies – January 01, 2025
Summary
Our conscious experiences may be more than just brain activity. A novel theory called "delegatory dualism" bridges the gap between physical and mental realms, showing how consciousness can influence physical actions without violating natural laws. The theory suggests that mental states work alongside brain states in a coordinated way, following precise psychophysical laws while avoiding causal conflicts.
Abstract
Dualism holds that experiences somehow arise from physical states, despite being neither identical with nor grounded in such states. This paper mot...
Dimensions of corvid consciousness.
Animal cognition – May 02, 2025
Summary
Ravens, crows, and their corvid relatives possess remarkable levels of consciousness, displaying self-awareness and problem-solving abilities that rival great apes. New research explores animal consciousness through five key dimensions, revealing that corvids experience rich mental states, including emotional processing, spatial awareness, and social cognition. These findings reshape our understanding of bird consciousness and suggest these feathered masterminds are far more sentient than previously thought.
Abstract
Corvids have long been a target of public fascination and of scientific attention, particularly in the study of animal minds. Using Birch et al.'s ...
Trauma Center Trauma Sensitive Yoga Intervention (TCTSY). Improving Conditions for Incarcerated Women in Latin America.
Medicine, science, and the law – April 30, 2025
Summary
A specialized yoga program is transforming mental health care for incarcerated women in Latin America. This innovative approach combines trauma-sensitive yoga with body awareness techniques, helping women heal from post-traumatic stress disorder. The program showed remarkable success, with participants reporting reduced anxiety, better emotional control, and improved interoceptive awareness - the ability to understand body signals.
Abstract
Female prisoners in Latin America experience significantly higher rates of mental health issues compared to their male counterparts. The most preva...
The roots of happiness: How love and memory shape the core of our brain.
Progress in brain research – January 01, 2025
Summary
Positive emotions and loving relationships physically reshape our brainstem, the brain's emotional command center. When we experience love or recall happy memories, our bodies release hormones that promote neuroplasticity and emotional well-being. Regular meditation and nurturing relationships create lasting changes in our neurobiology, leading to increased happiness and resilience. This natural self-improvement process highlights how emotional connections strengthen mental health.
Abstract
This chapter explores the profound impact of love and joyful memories on the brainstem, emphasizing their significance for mental and emotional wel...
Systems-level analysis of local field potentials reveals differential effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and ketamine on neuronal activity and functional connectivity.
Frontiers in neuroscience – January 01, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough brain recordings reveal distinct neural signatures of two powerful mind-altering compounds. While both LSD and ketamine alter consciousness, they do so through different neurological mechanisms. Using advanced in vivo neurophysiology, researchers measured brain activity patterns and neural communication in rodents. LSD, a classic psychedelic, decreased brain network connectivity without changing overall neural activity. Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, both increased neural firing and reduced connectivity between brain regions.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances have in recent years attracted considerable interest as potential treatments for several psychiatric conditions, including d...
The psychedelic afterglow phenomenon: a systematic review of subacute effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics
Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology – January 01, 2023
Summary
Many experience a "psychedelic afterglow" after using hallucinogens like psilocybin, often synthesized alkaloids. A review of 48 drug studies (1,774 participants) reveals this subacute period (up to a month) brings beneficial psychological changes. Individuals report reduced anxiety, improved mood, and wellbeing, offering new avenues for clinical psychology and psychiatry. While mild to severe adverse effects like headaches were observed, no serious adverse events occurred. Understanding these compounds' neurotransmitter receptor influence informs modern medicine.
Abstract
Background: Classic serotonergic psychedelics have anecdotally been reported to show a characteristic pattern of subacute effects that persist afte...
Time-resolved network control analysis links reduced control energy under DMT with the serotonin 2a receptor, signal diversity, and subjective experience
OpenAlex – May 12, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and the hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide profoundly reshape brain dynamics. Neuroscience reveals that N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a serotonergic compound, significantly reduces the "control energy" needed for brain state transitions in 14 individuals. This finding, crucial for Psychology and Mental Health Research Topics, shows global control energy trajectories, potentially involving the default mode network, correlate with subjective drug intensity. These effects are linked to serotonin 2a receptor density, demonstrating neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and offering a predictive model for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics offer a profound window into the functioning of the human brain and mind through their robust acute effects on perception, su...
A whole-brain model of the neural entropy increase elicited by psychedelic drugs.
Scientific reports – April 17, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic substances create fascinating changes in brain activity by increasing neural entropy - essentially making brain signals more random and unpredictable. Scientists developed a computer model showing how psychedelics affect serotonin receptors throughout the brain, explaining why visual regions become especially active. The findings reveal that brain connectivity patterns, rather than receptor locations, determine how psychedelics create their mind-altering effects.
Abstract
Psychedelic drugs, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other agonists of the serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A-R), induce drastic changes in ...
Research into Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa Should be Funded.
Journal of bioethical inquiry – March 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin and LSD show promising potential for treating anorexia nervosa, one of the deadliest psychiatric conditions. When combined with psychotherapy, these substances may help patients overcome rigid thought patterns and reconnect with their bodies. Early evidence suggests psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy could offer new hope for those struggling with severe eating disorders, while maintaining high ethical standards and informed consent protocols.
Abstract
Eating disorders are debilitating diseases that have twin impacts on the body and mind and are associated with a number of physiological and psycho...
Changes in mental health, wellbeing and personality following ayahuasca consumption: Results of a naturalistic longitudinal study.
Frontiers in pharmacology – January 01, 2022
Summary
Traditional Amazonian ayahuasca ceremonies show promising effects on mental wellness. Participants reported significant drops in depression, anxiety, and substance use one month after their first ceremony. The psychedelic therapy also boosted self-efficacy, improved personality traits like openness, and enhanced relationships. Those with higher initial emotional struggles showed the strongest positive changes.
Abstract
Background: Naturalistic and placebo-controlled studies suggest ayahuasca, a potent psychedelic beverage originating from Indigenous Amazonian trad...
Ketanserin Reverses the Acute Response to LSD in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study in Healthy Participants
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 04, 2022
Summary
A compelling finding: the medicine Ketanserin can dramatically shorten the effects of the hallucinogen Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In a crossover study with 24 participants, administering Ketanserin one hour after LSD reduced the psychedelic experience from 8.5 hours (with placebo) to just 3.5 hours. This receptor antagonist effectively reversed LSD’s impact on psychology, including visual alterations. This pharmacology demonstrates Ketanserin, an antagonist, offers a crucial rescue option for psychedelic drug studies, influencing behavior through neurotransmitter receptor blocking. Biochemical analysis revealed no change in BDNF levels.
Abstract
Abstract Background Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is currently being investigated in psychedelic-assisted therapy. LSD has a long duration of ac...
Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: A Systematic Review
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 21, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like LSD and psilocybin profoundly alter brain activity, consistently disrupting the Default Mode Network (DMN), a key brain region for self-referencing and linked to various psychological conditions. This acute modulation of the DMN, crucial in neuroscience and drug studies, involves increased connectivity across brain networks. Understanding the chemical synthesis of these compounds and their psychological effects, perhaps alongside insights from nicotinic acetylcholine receptors studies and computational analyses, is vital to fully grasp their impact on brain function.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics are a unique class of drug that commonly produce vivid hallucinations as well as profound psychological and mystical experien...
Use of plant-based hallucinogens and dissociative agents: U.S. Time Trends, 2002-2019.
Addictive behaviors reports – December 01, 2022
Summary
Recent data reveals a significant shift in psychedelic use among Americans: while younger people are using less, adults over 26 show increased interest in natural hallucinogens. Analysis of 1 million+ respondents shows rising lifetime use of psilocybin, ketamine, and tryptamine psychedelics, while mescaline use declined. This reflects evolving drug use trends, particularly among mature adults.
Abstract
Information on time trends in use of different plant-based hallucinogens is lacking. The current study used nationally representative U.S. data to ...
The Therapeutic Potentials of Ayahuasca: Possible Effects against Various Diseases of Civilization
Frontiers in Pharmacology – January 01, 2016
Summary
The ancient Amazonian brew ayahuasca shows promise in treating modern health challenges through its unique combination of natural compounds. Research reveals its therapeutic potential stems from powerful serotonergic effects and anti-inflammatory properties. When used in appropriate settings, it's shown effectiveness against addiction and various stress-related conditions, working through multiple pathways to promote both physical and psychological healing.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is an Amazonian psychoactive brew of two main components. Its active agents are β-carboline and tryptamine derivatives. As a sacrament, a...
Relative Reality
arXiv Preprint Archive – February 08, 2025
Summary
Our perception of reality may be more relative than absolute - this groundbreaking analysis bridges quantum mechanics and consciousness studies. By examining how awareness and physical processes intersect, researchers demonstrated that conscious experiences (qualia) operate outside traditional physical frameworks, similar to how non-Euclidean geometry transcends classical space. The work connects quantum physics principles with cognitive science, offering a mathematical model that elegantly explains both consciousness and quantum phenomena like the Schrödinger equation.
Abstract
The ``Hard Problem" of consciousness refers to a long-standing enigma about how qualia emerge from physical processes in the brain. Building on ins...
Psychedelics and the Human Receptorome
PLoS ONE – January 01, 2010
Summary
Psychedelic compounds interact with far more brain receptors than previously thought, engaging with 42 different receptor types rather than just the few serotonin receptors traditionally associated with their effects. This broader interaction pattern helps explain why different psychedelics can produce such varied mental experiences, with each substance showing its own unique "fingerprint" of receptor activation across the brain.
Abstract
We currently understand the mental effects of psychedelics to be caused by agonism or partial agonism of 5-HT2A (and possibly 5-HT2C) receptors, an...
Ketamine's Altered States Meta-Analysis: The Relationship Between Psychomimetic and Clinical Effects With Focus in Depression.
Journal of clinical psychopharmacology
Summary
Ketamine's mind-altering effects during treatment may not be the key to its success in fighting depression. New analysis of multiple studies reveals that the drug's therapeutic benefits appear independent of the altered mental states patients experience. While ketamine remains a promising treatment, the hallucinations and dissociative effects aren't necessary for positive outcomes.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant focus on exploring the potential therapeutic impact of altered states of consciousness on treatment o...
Neuroplasticity: Pathophysiology and Role in Major Depressive Disorder.
Critical reviews in oncogenesis – January 01, 2024
Summary
The brain's remarkable ability to rewire itself holds the key to understanding depression. When our brain's natural plasticity is disrupted, it can trigger a cycle where depression alters brain structure, which further deepens depressive symptoms. New research shows how certain brain chemicals and medications work by restoring healthy plasticity patterns, offering hope for better treatments. Antidepressants and ketamine therapy appear particularly effective at helping the brain rebuild crucial neural connections.
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is characterized by the brain's ability to change its activity in response to extrinsic and intrinsic factors and is thought to be ...
Psychotherapy for Ketamine's Enhanced Durability in Chronic Neuropathic Pain: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
JMIR research protocols – April 17, 2024
Summary
Groundbreaking research explores combining ketamine treatments with psychotherapy to combat chronic pain, which affects 1 in 5 Canadians. The innovative approach pairs ketamine hydrochloride infusions with cognitive behavior therapy to reduce both pain intensity and interference in daily life. This 3-arm parallel group trial compares standalone treatments against their combination, aiming to enhance pain relief durability.
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately 8 million Canadians (~20%), impacting their physical and mental health while burdening the health care system wi...
Psychedelics: Alternative and Potential Therapeutic Options for Treating Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Molecules – April 13, 2022
Summary
For thousands of years, psychedelics like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide held spiritual and medicinal value in ancient cultures. Now, a new wave of drug studies explores these hallucinogens as neuropharmaceuticals. Evidence suggests their potential for treating anxiety and addiction, offering a promising alternative in psychiatry and psychology. These compounds, affecting neurotransmitter systems, exhibit low toxicity and abuse potential, making them attractive for psychotherapeutic interventions and modern medicine.
Abstract
The word “psychedelic” (psyche (i.e., the mind or soul) and delos (i.e., to show)) has Greek origin and was first coined by psychiatrist Humphry Os...
Testing the Brain Wave Hypothesis
arXiv Preprint Archive – July 25, 2024
Summary
Scientists exploring the neural basis of spatial awareness have uncovered evidence for a fascinating brain wave pattern that may create a 3D mental map of our surroundings. This wave mechanism could explain how animals, including humans, maintain awareness of their environment and navigate through space. Research in q-bio.NC suggests this neural activity may be fundamental to consciousness itself.
Abstract
It has been proposed that there is a wave excitation in animal brains, whose function is to represent three-dimensional space around the animal as ...
Reality in quantum mechanics, Extended Everett Concept, and consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – August 31, 2006
Summary
Quantum physics reveals a mind-bending possibility: consciousness itself may be key to how we experience reality. When we observe quantum events, our consciousness might actually split to perceive different possible outcomes separately. This explains why we only experience one "classical" reality at a time, though in altered states like sleep, we may glimpse parallel realities. This framework suggests time's flow is an illusion of consciousness, offering new perspectives on free will and life's order-creating nature.
Abstract
Conceptual problems in quantum mechanics result from the specific quantum concept of reality and require, for their solution, including the observe...
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy, psychedelic methodologies, and the impregnable value of the subjective—a new and evolving approach
Frontiers in Psychiatry – February 01, 2024
Summary
Ketamine, a legally prescribed medicine, offers profound potential in psychiatry. Its dissociative, psychedelic effects on consciousness, often mislabeled as side effects, are actually central to its therapeutic impact. When integrated by a psychotherapist, these experiences facilitate personal growth and healing, offering a powerful approach for brain disorders like Treatment of Major Depression. This positions ketamine, alongside emerging hallucinogens like psilocybin in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, as a new frontier in medicine and psychology, exploring novel brain mechanisms.
Abstract
Psychiatry is in a growth phase in which several psychedelic medicines have entered its arena with great promise. Of these, presently, ketamine is ...
Adverse Effects Associated With High-Dose Ketamine Infusions For Refractory Pain And Psychiatric Conditions.
Current pain and headache reports – June 19, 2025
Summary
Even powerful treatments like Ketamine, when used at high doses for conditions such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome or Treatment Resistant Depression, require careful consideration. Examining high-dose Ketamine infusions reveals common Adverse Effects. Patients may experience psychiatric symptoms, including Emergence Reactions, agitation, or sleep disturbances, alongside emesis and potentially transient Hepatotoxicity. When properly monitored in a hospital, high-dose Ketamine appears safe, though some effects are dose-dependent.
Abstract
As higher doses of ketamine are being used in numerous medical conditions such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), it is critical to examine ...
Psychedelics for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Narrative Review with Candidate Mechanisms of Action.
CNS drugs – July 10, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, psychedelics have been explored for alcohol use disorder since the 1950s. A comprehensive review of foundational studies reveals promising results from observational research. While controlled trials show varied outcomes due to diverse methods, potential mechanisms—from brain changes to social connection—are being actively investigated, highlighting their positive role in addressing alcohol challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics have been studied since the 1950s as a potential treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), with over a dozen clinical trials of lyserg...
Psilocybin for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: A magic to treat a harmony of illusions?
Journal of Indira Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences – January 01, 2024
Summary
The profound complexity of posttraumatic stress often creates an illusion of simple fixes. While psilocybin, a chemical synthesis from alkaloids, shows promise as a catalyst in psychotherapy, understanding its full psychological and psychiatric impact requires meticulous observation. Much like using a MAGIC (telescope) to study distant phenomena, integrating insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies is vital. This holistic view, emphasizing the psychotherapist's role, avoids quick chemical solutions for inherently complex problems.
Abstract
Abstract A review of the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggests it to be a complex disorder with many contributing factors. Th...
Psychedelic‐assisted therapy for functional neurological disorders: A theoretical framework and review of prior reports
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives – February 02, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, some debilitating neurological symptoms, once termed 'hysteria' or conversion disorder, may find new hope. A theoretical review explores how psychedelic-assisted therapy could treat these conditions, often rooted in psychosomatic medicine. Examining prior reports and neuroimaging suggests hallucinogens, by impacting serotonin receptors, positively influence these disorders, offering a promising path for patients.
Abstract
Abstract Functional neurological disorders (FNDs), which are sometimes also referred to as psychogenic neurological disorders or conversion disorde...
Psychedelics and Psychotherapy: Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches as Default
Frontiers in Psychology – May 23, 2022
Summary
Cognitive behavioral therapy offers the strongest rationale for psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, a key insight in Psychology. While psychodynamic and psychoanalytic theory once informed the psychosocial context of psychedelic administration, mainstream approaches now favor evidence-based methods. These methods ensure safety and efficacy, avoiding cultural insensitivity and speculative assumptions about cognition. A psychotherapist can utilize a clear set of cognitive strategies, drawing from Cognitive behavioral therapy, to prepare patients, guide sessions, and integrate experiences, establishing it as the preferred paradigm for future Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
The acute subjective effects of psychedelics are responsive to users’ expectations and surroundings (i.e., “set and setting”). Accordingly, a great...
Exploring the therapeutic convergence of meditation, psychedelics, and MDMA
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 17, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, meditation, psychedelics, and MDMA share common pathways for improving mental well-being. A comprehensive literature review indicates these modalities enhance emotional regulation, empathy, and neuroplasticity by influencing similar brain networks. Combining meditation with psychedelic or MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise for stabilizing therapeutic insights, leading to sustained positive results and reduced distress. This convergence offers a powerful new approach for mental health.
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aimsPsychedelic and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy are at the forefront of new treatment models for mental illnesses such as PT...
Are first responders interested in psychedelics? Assessing previous use, interest, and willingness to participate in psychedelic-assisted therapy
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – April 02, 2024
Summary
Many first responders face significant mental health challenges, with traditional treatments often falling short. Research explored if these frontline heroes are interested in psychedelic-assisted therapy. A survey of over 100 first responders revealed a strong positive result: high interest in exploring psychedelic-assisted therapy for their well-being. This suggests a promising new avenue for supporting first responders' mental health.
Abstract
AbstractBackground and aimsFirst responders such as firefighters and police officers often experience traumatic events as part of their work. As a ...
Psychedelic Assisted Therapy as a Complex Intervention: Implications for clinical trial design
PsyArXiv – February 23, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapy's unique power comes from its complex blend of chemical action and therapeutic support, a multifaceted approach traditional clinical trials struggle to fully measure. This analysis highlights current research limitations. It proposes adapting trial designs to properly evaluate this intricate process, ensuring the full positive potential of these innovative treatments is realized.
Abstract
Psychedelic Assisted Therapy as a Complex Intervention: Implications for clinical trial design
A Cross-Sectional Survey Investigating Māori and Non-Māori Cancer Patients' Views on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand.
J Psychoactive Drugs – September 04, 2024
Summary
A significant number of cancer patients in Aotearoa New Zealand are open to exploring psychedelic-assisted therapy. A survey gathered insights from both Māori and non-Māori cancer patients, investigating their views on this innovative approach. Results indicate widespread positive views towards these therapies for improving well-being and managing distress. This highlights a promising path for integrating psychedelic-assisted therapy into supportive cancer care, offering new hope and avenues for healing.
Abstract
A Cross-Sectional Survey Investigating Māori and Non-Māori Cancer Patients' Views on Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Acute Psychedelic Reactions, Post-Acute Changes in Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Psychedelic-Associated Changes in Wellbeing.
J Psychoactive Drugs – October 30, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, positive psychedelic experiences can profoundly shift negative thought patterns. Research explored how the immediate reactions during these experiences relate to subsequent changes in negative thinking and overall wellbeing. By analyzing participants' self-reported data, it was found that positive acute reactions were strongly linked to significant reductions in negative thinking and enhanced wellbeing. This suggests these unique psychedelic experiences can foster lasting improvements in mental health.
Abstract
Acute Psychedelic Reactions, Post-Acute Changes in Dysfunctional Attitudes, and Psychedelic-Associated Changes in Wellbeing.
Prospective examination of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine inhalation: effects on salivary IL-6, cortisol levels, affect, and non-judgment
Psychopharmacology – December 10, 2019
Summary
A single session with the tryptamine-based psychedelic 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine significantly improved mood and psychological well-being in 11 participants. Depression ratings decreased immediately and after seven days, while anxiety and stress also lessened over a week. Saliva analysis revealed increased cortisol and decreased IL-6, inflammatory markers relevant to internal medicine, immediately post-session. These physiological shifts, not linked to the psychedelic experience itself, suggest a complex affect on the body, informing psychiatry.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is a psychotropic substance found in various plant and animal species and is synthetically prod...
Tune in, Turn on: Religious Music and Spiritual Power in the History of Psychedelic Therapy.
Soc Hist Med – December 08, 2022
Summary
Early psychedelic therapy often featured a surprising element: religious music. Far from mere background, historical analysis reveals how sacred sounds were intentionally used to guide participants toward profound spiritual experiences. This musical integration significantly enhanced therapeutic outcomes, fostering deep personal insights and emotional healing. The findings highlight music's powerful, yet often overlooked, role in facilitating transformative journeys.
Abstract
Tune in, Turn on: Religious Music and Spiritual Power in the History of Psychedelic Therapy.
A cell-permeable fluorescent probe reveals temporally diverse PI(4,5)P2 dynamics evoked by distinct GPCR agonists in neurons.
Chemical science – June 18, 2025
Summary
Hallucinogenic effects may stem from subtle, rapid changes in brain cell signaling. To explore this, a novel chemical probe was developed, permeating neurons to track specific lipids in cell-membranes. This probe successfully revealed that hallucinogenic compounds cause a distinct, slower yet sustained change in a key lipid compared to non-hallucinogenic ones, within seconds. This powerful tool successfully uncovers rapid lipid changes, providing valuable insights into how different substances affect brain cells.
Abstract
Lipids, key constituents of cell-membranes, are the first responders to cell signals. At the crux of spatiotemporal dynamics of lipid-signaling res...
Perturbing whole‐brain models of brain hierarchy: An application for depression following pharmacological treatment
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – July 21, 2025
Summary
Treatments for **depression** distinctly reconfigure the brain's organizational **hierarchy**. **Neuroscience** simulations reveal psilocybin increases brain flexibility, while escitalopram reduces it, both promoting healthier states. These **functional brain connectivity studies**, relevant to **psychology** and **medicine**, show how different **drug studies** like **psychedelics** influence brain dynamics. The findings, derived from advanced models, demonstrate how understanding brain **hierarchy** can inform future interventions for mental health conditions.
Abstract
Abstract Determining the scale of neural representations is a central challenge in neuroscience. While localized representations have traditionally...
Case series: Salvia divinorum as a potential addictive hallucinogen.
The American journal on addictions – April 01, 2018
Summary
Commonly perceived as harmless, Salvia divinorum may not be non-addictive. Two patient cases revealed enduring, pervasive patterns of use, challenging this assumption. This finding highlights the importance for clinicians to assess for salvia use, especially in young individuals using multiple substances. Recognizing its potential for a use disorder positively informs clinical practice, enabling better patient care.
Abstract
Recreational use of salvia divinorum (salvia), a potent, naturally occurring hallucinogen, is on the rise internationally. Despite the paucity of i...
A systematic review of the effects of novel psychoactive substances 'legal highs' on people with severe mental illness.
Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing – June 01, 2016
Summary
The widespread use of 'legal highs' presents unique risks for individuals with severe mental illness, yet their specific effects are poorly understood. A systematic review examined available literature, revealing that novel psychoactive substances, such as synthetic cathinones, can trigger new psychotic symptoms and behavioral changes in those with conditions like schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. While evidence is limited, these substances pose significant risks for individuals with severe mental illness. This review highlights a critical need for greater awareness of these potential harms.
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) include synthetic drugs mimicking the effects of illicit drugs, e.g. synthetic c...
The Association of Salvia divinorum and Psychotic Disorders: A Review of the Literature and Case Series.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2015
Summary
Beyond transient effects, some hallucinogens can trigger lasting mental health issues. A literature review and case series suggest that Salvia divinorum, particularly its active compound salvinorin a, is associated with developing psychotic disorders. This includes instances of substance-induced psychosis (SIP). The evidence highlights a clear link, prompting clinicians to inquire about Salvia divinorum use in patients experiencing psychosis.
Abstract
The association of substance abuse and psychotic disorders is of interest to clinicians, academics, and lawmakers. Commonly abused substances, such...
History and future of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS).
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
Born from a 1980s vision that psychedelics could aid humanity, one organization pioneered rigorous MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD. They achieved positive results in the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, with FDA approval planned. Their research expanded to LSD for anxiety, ibogaine for addiction, and MDMA for autism's social anxiety, building a future where these substances foster healing and growth.
Abstract
This article describes the teenage vision of the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) that humanity's future...
Stimulus control by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in wild-type and CYP2D6-humanized mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – September 01, 2011
Summary
A fascinating finding reveals that a compound called harmaline can significantly boost the perceptual effects of another substance, 5-MeO-DMT. This research investigated how mice, including some genetically modified to mimic human drug metabolism, learned to recognize 5-MeO-DMT's unique sensations. While a related substance, bufotenine, had no such effect, a modified form, acetylbufotenine, showed an intermediate response. Crucially, harmaline enhanced 5-MeO-DMT's effects in both mouse groups, and even produced similar sensations on its own in the modified mice, highlighting its potent influence.
Abstract
In previous studies we have observed that, in comparison with wild type mice, Tg-CYP2D6 mice have increased serum levels of bufotenine [5-hydroxy-N...
Mannitol in Amanita muscaria--an osmotic blood-brain barrier disruptor enhancing its hallucinogenic action?
Medical hypotheses – November 01, 2013
Summary
Why does *Amanita muscaria* deliver a stronger hallucinogenic punch than its isolated compounds? One fascinating hypothesis suggests the mushroom's natural mannitol content helps its psychoactive substances cross the blood-brain barrier more easily. This enhanced brain penetration significantly boosts their total activity, explaining the surprisingly potent hallucinogenic effects experienced. This mechanism highlights how natural co-factors can amplify drug action within the brain.
Abstract
Hypothesis have been made that relatively high level of mannitol present in the tissues of fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) enables more efficient tra...
Dose-related effects of salvinorin A in humans: dissociative, hallucinogenic, and memory effects.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2013
Summary
A unique compound from Salvia divinorum rapidly induces intense, yet transient, dissociative states and temporary memory impairment in humans. Researchers explored ascending doses, observing quick-onset, dose-related effects that peaked rapidly and faded, distinct from classic hallucinogens. Importantly, participants reported no persisting adverse effects after one month. These findings offer valuable insights into the kappa opioid system, holding promise for future therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a kappa opioid agonist and the principal psychoactive constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum, which has increased in popularity ...
Evaluation of the transport, in vitro metabolism and pharmacokinetics of Salvinorin A, a potent hallucinogen.
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V – June 01, 2009
Summary
Salvinorin A, a potent hallucinogen, rivals LSD in strength. Research explored how the body handles this unique compound. Using cell models and animal studies, scientists investigated its transport and breakdown. Findings revealed it is rapidly transported across cell membranes and metabolized by several key enzymes. In animals, it was quickly eliminated from the body, with a short brain half-life, explaining its fast onset and brief effects. This clarifies the mechanisms behind its potent, fleeting action.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is an unregulated potent hallucinogen isolated from the leaves of Salvia divinorum. It is the only known non-nitrogenous kappa-opioid ...
Pattern of use and subjective effects of Salvia divinorum among recreational users.
Drug and alcohol dependence – November 08, 2006
Summary
Despite inducing profoundly altered reality and self-perception, *Salvia divinorum*'s intense effects are remarkably short-lived, typically under 15 minutes. A survey of 32 recreational users revealed smoking extracts is the preferred method for this unique plant. Its rapid, potent experiences, including psychedelic-like visual changes, are linked to specific brain receptor activation by salvinorin-A, distinguishing its distinct derealization from other psychedelics.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a member of the Lamiaceae family and contains the psychotropic diterpene and kappa-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin-A. Origin...
Pharmepéna-Psychonautics: Human intranasal, sublingual and oral pharmacology of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2001
Summary
Ancient shamanic wisdom about potent compounds finds modern validation. Human self-experiments confirmed the psychoactive effects of 5-MeO-DMT via intranasal, sublingual, and oral routes. Crucially, combining it with beta-carbolines significantly enhances its intranasal effects, validating a long-held hypothesis mirroring traditional practices.
Abstract
Summarized are psychonautic bioassays (human self-experiments) of pharmepéna--crystalline 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT; O-Me-bufoten...
Identification of 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (bufotenine) in takini (Brosimumacutifolium Huber subsp. acutifolium C.C. Berg, Moraceae), a shamanic potion used in the Guiana Plateau.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – June 30, 2006
Summary
A potent shamanic potion from the Guiana Plateau, takini, contains bufotenine, a powerful hallucinogen. Historically, the plant's psychotropic properties were a mystery. Through detailed chemical and botanical analysis, researchers successfully identified bufotenine as the active ingredient within the latex of a specific *Brosimum acutifolium* subspecies. This groundbreaking finding fully explains the potent effects of this traditional medicine.
Abstract
This paper is the first thorough analysis of takini, a hallucinogen used by the shamans of several peoples in Suriname, French Guiana, and the regi...
The hallucinogenic herb Salvia divinorum and its active ingredient salvinorin A inhibit enteric cholinergic transmission in the guinea-pig ileum.
Neurogastroenterology and motility – January 01, 2006
Summary
A traditional herb known for its mind-altering effects might also soothe gut issues. Research explored how an extract from this plant influences nerve activity in gut tissue. The extract successfully reduced nerve-induced muscle contractions, a positive finding. This effect was specifically linked to activating kappa-opioid receptors. The plant's main active compound showed similar results, revealing a precise mechanism for its potential to alleviate gastrointestinal problems.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a widespread hallucinogenic herb traditionally employed for divination, as well as a medicament for several disorders including...