384 results for "Neuroplasticity"
Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics on Synaptic Function and Neuroplasticity
OPUS FAU - Online publication system of Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg – January 01, 2026
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics like LSD, psilocin, and DMT significantly inhibit neurotransmission, with notable effects on neuronal network activity. In a study using primary rat cortical cultures, psychedelics decreased synaptic vesicle fusion by up to 30% after 3-30 minutes of treatment. While DMT and psilocin enhanced responses at glutamatergic synapses, LSD and psilocin reduced presynaptic calcium transients. Additionally, LSD and DMT inhibited spontaneous neuronal firing without altering evoked responses. These findings deepen our understanding of how psychedelics could inform treatments for neuropsychiatric conditions.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Sertonergic psychedelics LSD, psilocin and DMT, have been shown to hold a great potential for treatment of various neuropsychiatric c...
Rapid onset brain plasticity at novel pharmacologic targets hypothetically drives innovations for rapid onset antidepressant actions.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – March 01, 2023
Summary
Rapid-acting antidepressants are reshaping treatment for major depressive disorder, with some showing effects after just one dose. Novel agents target different brain pathways, including NMDA receptors and GABA A sites, leading to neuroplasticity—an essential factor in their effectiveness. In trials, these agents demonstrate significant potential: 60% of patients with treatment-resistant depression experienced relief within hours. Some induce changes without altering mental status, while others cause dissociation or hallucinations. This new class of "plastogens" could revolutionize how depression is treated, offering hope for many.
Abstract
Numerous new agents with rapid onset antidepressant effects are entering clinical trials and clinical practice. Studies focus on either first-line ...
N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in rodent brain: Concentrations, distribution, and recent pharmacological data.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – March 20, 2025
Summary
DMT, a naturally occurring compound in the brain, plays a fascinating dual role in both stress response and brain development. Research reveals this molecule binds to specific receptors in the Golgi apparatus of brain cells, promoting neuroplasticity and healthy neurodevelopment. When stress occurs, DMT levels increase naturally, suggesting it acts as part of the body's adaptive response system. These findings explain how DMT influences brain function and may contribute to therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
Renewed interest in the clinical use of psychedelic drugs acknowledges their therapeutic effectiveness. It has also provided a changing frame of re...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy and Psychedelic Science: A Review and Perspective on Opportunities in Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology
Neurosurgery – December 08, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like Psilocybin are profoundly re-emerging as potential medicine, showing promise for over a dozen neuropsychiatric conditions including severe Mood and Anxiety disorders. These hallucinogenic compounds influence brain function, acting as neuroplastogens to fundamentally alter behavior. This resurgence in drug studies highlights their potential to revolutionize Psychiatry, offering new hope for patients with complex mental health issues. Psychedelic-assisted therapy, often guided by a psychotherapist, aims to improve quality of life and brain function. This transformative approach is fostering multidisciplinary collaboration in medicine.
Abstract
After a decades-long pause, psychedelics are again being intensely investigated for treating a wide range of neuropsychiatric ailments including de...
Distinctive Molecular and Metabolic Profiles of Chemically Synthesized Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract
OpenAlex – July 20, 2023
Summary
Natural psilocybin mushroom extracts demonstrate superior brain benefits compared to synthetic versions. In male mice, a hallucinogen-rich mushroom extract significantly boosted four key synaptic proteins across four brain regions, indicating enhanced neuroplasticity, lasting 11 days. In contrast, chemically synthesized psilocybin showed more limited effects, impacting only two proteins in two areas. This suggests the full mushroom's complex chemistry, relevant to drug studies and chemical synthesis of alkaloids, offers a distinct neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. This difference is vital for understanding psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a naturally occurring, tryptamine alkaloid prodrug, is currently being investigated for the treatment of a range of psychiatri...
Molecular design of a therapeutic LSD analogue with reduced hallucinogenic potential
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences – April 14, 2025
Summary
Neuroscience offers hope for disorders. Psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide and Psilocybin promote brain cell growth in the cortex, but their hallucinogen effects risk Psychosis/Schizophrenia. Through chemical synthesis, a new alkaloid (+)-JRT emerged. This Pharmacology and Medicine advance promotes brain cell connections, improving Depression and cognition without worsening psychosis. This Drug Studies development, influencing neurotransmitter receptors and behavior, promises safer Addiction treatment, using Psychology without Amphetamine risks, impacting areas beyond the Visual cortex.
Abstract
Decreased dendritic spine density in the cortex is a key pathological feature of neuropsychiatric diseases including depression, addiction, and sch...
Effect of chemically synthesized psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract on molecular and metabolic profiles in mouse brain.
Molecular psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals that natural mushroom extracts containing psilocybin may have stronger effects on brain plasticity than synthetic psilocybin alone. Scientists found that both forms increased key brain proteins, but the natural extract produced more widespread and lasting changes in brain chemistry, particularly in areas linked to learning and emotion.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring, tryptamine alkaloid prodrug, is currently being investigated for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorde...
Evaluation of behavioural and neurochemical effects of psilocybin in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Translational Psychiatry – June 14, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reversed depressive and anxiolytic-like behaviors caused by chronic stress in an animal model. Two 1 mg/kg doses revealed neurochemical changes, boosting serotonin-2A-receptors—key for neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior—and increasing glucocorticoid-receptor expression. This Neuroscience and Psychology research, relevant for Medicine and Psychiatry, suggests psilocybin's potential. A psychotherapist might consider these insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, understanding how this tryptophan-derived compound modulates brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Depression and anxiety are disabling and high incidence mental disorders characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently available tr...
Psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders
British Journal of Pharmacology – June 15, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics are revolutionizing Psychiatry. Psilocybin and MDMA, powerful hallucinogens, show promise as rapid antidepressants and anxiolytics in Psychology and Neuroscience. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight their ability to target monoamine neurotransmitter systems, specifically 5-HT2A receptors, influencing behavior. They correct neural network defects in Major depressive disorder and Anxiety, linked to altered brain tryptophan metabolism. Psilocybin received FDA breakthrough status for depression, while MDMA for PTSD was recently rejected. This offers new hope for severe mental health conditions.
Abstract
Currently, the most actively investigated rapidly acting antidepressants, anxiolytics and/or anti PTSD agents, include psychedelics e.g. psilocybin...
Preadministration of Lorazepam Negates the Long-Term Antidepressant-Like Effects of Psilocybin in Male Wistar Kyoto Rats
Psychedelic Medicine – December 16, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates lasting antidepressant effects, persisting for up to 9 weeks in tested rats. In a study with male Wistar Kyoto rats (n=40), those receiving psilocybin alone showed significant improvements compared to controls. However, when lorazepam was administered prior to psilocybin, no antidepressant benefits were observed. This suggests that benzodiazepines may hinder the therapeutic potential of psilocybin-assisted therapy. Additionally, gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex indicate complex interactions between psychedelics and pharmacological treatments, warranting further exploration in pain management and mental health contexts.
Abstract
Introduction:Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, has shown to produce persistent antidepressant effects, including in patients with treatment-resi...
Ketamine and Esketamine Therapy in Affective Disorders: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, Safety, and Future Directions
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – February 28, 2026
Summary
Ketamine and esketamine offer rapid relief for patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD), showing effects within hours. In clinical trials, intravenous ketamine demonstrated significant effectiveness, while intranasal esketamine received approval for acute suicidal ideation. Approximately one-third of patients typically fail standard antidepressant treatments. Though these glutamatergic modulators represent a promising shift from traditional monoaminergic therapies, they require careful monitoring due to potential adverse effects like dissociation and sedation. Continued investigation is essential to ensure long-term safety and effective maintenance strategies in psychiatric care.
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Depression represent significant global health burdens because about one-third of patients who receive ...
Sex-dependent developmental changes in behavior, brain structure, functional connectivity, and sensory perception following exposure to psilocybin during adolescence
Neuropsychopharmacology – February 18, 2026
Summary
Exposure to psilocybin during adolescence leads to significant long-term developmental changes in brain structure and behavior. In a study with male and female mice, those given 3.0 mg/kg of psilocybin showed altered perception of rewarding and aversive stimuli, with males experiencing greater effects. MRI imaging revealed increased functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and thalamus. Notably, males exhibited reduced levels of neuroplasticity-related proteins and regional brain volume changes, highlighting the profound influence of psychedelics on adolescent brain development.
Abstract
Psilocybin is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. We...
Co-administration of midazolam and psilocybin: Differential effects on subjective quality versus memory of the psychedelic experience
OpenAlex – June 13, 2024
Summary
The profound psychological benefits of the serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin may depend on remembering the experience. In a pharmacology experiment, 8 healthy participants received 25mg Psilocybin alongside Midazolam, a drug causing memory impairment. While consciously experiencing the psychedelic effects, participants showed reduced memory. Crucially, greater memory impairment tended to lessen positive psychological outcomes like insight and well-being. This neuroscience finding suggests neuroplasticity-related memory processes are integral to psilocybin's lasting effects in medicine, influencing behavior via neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Abstract Aspects of the acute experience induced by the serotonergic psychedelic psilocybin predict symptomatic relief in multiple psychiatric diso...
Utilidades terapéuticas del ayahuasca
Libro Comunicaciones – January 01, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promising therapeutic benefits, particularly for conditions like addiction and depression. Clinical literature indicates significant reductions in alcohol and cocaine use among dependent patients, with 60% reporting decreased symptoms of depression after treatment. Neuroimaging studies reveal notable activation in brain areas linked to emotion and memory processing. Additionally, users often describe experiences akin to psychotherapy, enhancing introspection and personal reflection. The compound promotes neuroplasticity through its effects on serotonin receptors, potentially improving cognitive aspects such as attention and memory.
Abstract
Objetivo: Exponer los potenciales beneficios terapéuticos del uso de ayahuasca, desde la neurofarmacología y la evidencia clínica existente hasta e...
Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Molecular Psychiatry – November 29, 2024
Summary
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 29 studies reveals that psychedelics and related drugs, often explored in Drug Studies for conditions like Major Depression, do not elevate peripheral Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans. BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor, is a common biomarker for neuroplasticity in medicine and psychology. Despite its use, this analysis, spanning databases like PsycINFO, found a negligible effect size (0.024). This suggests peripheral BDNF may not reliably indicate rapid neuroplasticity changes, challenging assumptions in neuroscience and internal medicine about these compounds.
Abstract
Abstract Background Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are often used as a biomarker for the rapid plasticity-promoting ...
Sub-acute effects of psilocybin on EEG correlates of neural plasticity in major depression: Relationship to symptoms
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 30, 2023
Summary
A single psilocybin dose doubled specific brain activity linked to neuroplasticity, measured via Electroencephalography (EEG), in 19 individuals with depression. This hallucinogen's antidepressant effect, unlike placebo, correlated with improved psychology. This Neuroscience finding, vital for Psychiatry and Medicine, suggests how this alkaloid influences neurotransmitter receptors. While distinct from anesthesia, these Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight chemical synthesis's role in advancing our understanding of behavior.
Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that serotonergic psychedelics (e.g. psilocybin), have rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects after a s...
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a 6-h N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) Infusion in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Clinical and translational science – May 01, 2025
Summary
A groundbreaking study reveals that extended exposure to DMT, a naturally-occurring psychedelic compound, is safe and well-tolerated in humans. Scientists administered controlled intravenous infusions of N,N-dimethyltryptamine to 29 healthy volunteers over 6 hours, monitoring its effects on brain function and safety. The treatment showed promise for promoting neuroplasticity, with potential applications in stroke recovery. Participants experienced only mild psychedelic effects, with no serious adverse reactions.
Abstract
The serotonergic psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) presumably stimulates neuroplasticity in vitro and in vivo, by which it may exert neuropr...
Developmental changes in brain structure and function following exposure to oral LSD during adolescence.
Scientific reports – August 11, 2024
Summary
Adolescent exposure to LSD leads to lasting changes in brain architecture without impacting cognitive or motor abilities. Advanced brain imaging revealed that multiple LSD doses altered gray matter structure, particularly affecting connections between sensorimotor cortex regions and memory centers. While brain volume remained unchanged, neuroplasticity shifts were observed through diffusion weighted imaging, especially in areas controlling sensation and movement. These findings reshape our understanding of how psychedelics influence developing brains.
Abstract
LSD is a hallucinogen with complex neurobiological and behavioral effects. Underlying these effects are changes in brain neuroplasticity. This is t...
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, proof-of-principle, placebo-controlled and crossover, neuroimaging trial in depression
OpenAlex – December 28, 2023
Summary
Nearly one-third of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder don't respond to conventional antidepressant treatments, highlighting an urgent need in psychiatry. A clinical psychology crossover study involving 36 participants will use functional neuroimaging to investigate how psilocybin, a psychedelic alkaloid, acutely impacts mood and brain neuroplasticity. This medicine aims to reveal psilocybin's neurobiological mechanisms, comparing its effects on brain networks, like the default mode network, against a placebo. Understanding this influence on cognition and behavior is crucial for developing new neuroscience-informed approaches.
Abstract
Abstract Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting o...
The Clinical Potential of Dimethyltryptamine: Breakthroughs into the Other Side of Mental Illness, Neurodegeneration, and Consciousness
Psychoactives – February 26, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) show remarkable promise in neuroscience, potentially transforming mental illness treatment. DMT promotes neuroplasticity by fostering new neural connections, crucial for healthy cognition and recovery from neurodegeneration. Its influence on serotonergic and other neurotransmitter receptors is being explored in drug studies. This chemical alkaloid holds therapeutic potential for conditions like depression, anxiety, and PTSD, enhancing brain function and well-being. The human brain, with its billions of neurons and trillions of synapses, may find new pathways to healing through such compounds.
Abstract
The human brain is an extraordinarily complex organ responsible for all aspects of cognition and control. Billions of neurons form connections with...
Engaging Mood Brain Circuits with Psilocybin (EMBRACE): a study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled and delayed-start, neuroimaging trial in depression.
Trials – July 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, the active compound in psychedelic mushrooms, shows promise in treating major depressive disorder. This groundbreaking trial examines how psilocybin affects brain networks in depression using advanced imaging. Fifty patients will receive either psilocybin or placebo, with researchers measuring cerebral blood flow and brain activity changes through functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide across domains of health and cognition, affecting overall quality of lif...
Participation of Ca2+-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Melatonin.
Molecular pharmacology – August 16, 2024
Summary
The sleep hormone melatonin may be a powerful ally in fighting depression through its effects on brain chemistry. New findings show that melatonin activates important proteins in the brain that help regulate mood, memory, and neural connections. People with depression often have lower melatonin levels, but supplementation can boost brain plasticity and enhance the effects of other antidepressants, particularly when combined with ketamine.
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the photoperiod. Its main function...
The Effects of Daytime Psilocybin Administration on Sleep: Implications for Antidepressant Action
Frontiers in Pharmacology – December 03, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic with antidepressant potential, significantly alters sleep architecture. In a study of 20 healthy volunteers (10 women), psilocybin prolonged rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency and showed a trend towards decreased overall REM sleep duration. Electroencephalography revealed it suppressed slow-wave sleep activity in the initial sleep cycle, contrary to predictions. Non-rapid eye movement sleep remained unchanged. These findings, relevant to psychology and medicine, suggest psilocybin's unique influence on sleep stages, potentially via its neurotransmitter receptor influence, could underpin its antidepressant effects.
Abstract
Serotonergic agonist psilocybin is a psychedelic with antidepressant potential. Sleep may interact with psilocybin’s antidepressant properties like...
Examining the potential of psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT as therapeutics for traumatic brain injury.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry – July 14, 2025
Summary
Remarkably, specific psychedelic compounds could offer a new path for healing traumatic brain injuries. Research suggests psilocybin and 5-MeO-DMT, known for promoting neuroplasticity and neuritogenesis, may alleviate damage from a concussion. These compounds appear to reduce harmful microglia inflammation and act as neurotrophic agents, enhancing synaptic plasticity. A review of existing data highlights their potential to restore brain function.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health challenge, with limited effective treatments for its acute and chronic consequences. TB...
Exploring DMT: Endogenous role and therapeutic potential.
Neuropharmacology – May 01, 2025
Summary
DMT, a natural compound found in humans and throughout nature, shows remarkable promise beyond its known psychedelic effects. Recent research reveals it plays key roles in brain protection and healing. The compound activates during stress and hypoxia, promoting neuroplasticity and offering anti-inflammatory benefits. DMT's ability to protect brain cells and enhance neural connections suggests potential therapeutic applications for various neurological conditions.
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a naturally occurring amine and psychedelic compound, found in plants, animals, and humans. While initial studies r...
Next generation antidepressants with novel mechanisms for treatment resistant depression.
Progress in brain research – January 01, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough treatments like ketamine and psilocybin are revolutionizing depression care by rapidly altering brain chemistry and consciousness. These psychedelics boost neuroplasticity - the brain's ability to form new connections - offering relief within hours instead of weeks. Recent clinical trials show promising results, with many treatment-resistant patients experiencing significant improvement after just a few sessions with these novel antidepressants.
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that the modulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HTRs) via the psychedeli...
Brain-epigenome wide association study (BEWAS) on the effects of two emerging psychedelics: ketamine & MDMA
bioRxiv Preprint Server – July 03, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like ketamine and MDMA induce lasting changes in brain gene activity. These compounds alter how genes are turned on or off, impacting pathways crucial for neuroplasticity and immune function. Both show positive effects on mental processes, suggesting a shared molecular basis for their therapeutic potential in psychiatric health.
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds such as ketamine and MDMA have shown therapeutic promise for mood and trauma-related disorders, yet their molecular mechanism...
Stabilizing Psilocybin Pharmacology and Tuning Safety with Atypical Antipsychotic Cotherapy
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – October 10, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough in psychedelic therapy reveals a novel psilocin-psilocybin cocrystal that enhances neuroplasticity and functional activity. This innovative advance in Psychedelics and Drug Studies leverages sophisticated chemical synthesis and alkaloids to improve drug exposure. Crucially, adjunctive atypical antipsychotics modulate brain signaling, mitigating cardiac safety concerns linked to 5-HT2B receptors. This chemistry-enabled path promises durable neuroplastic responses, validated across organoid and animal models, offering a scalable and safer solution for therapeutic applications.
Abstract
A crystalline cocrystal of psilocin and psilocybin enhances exposure, neuroplasticity biomarkers, and functional activity, while adjunctive atypica...
Ketamine as a Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa: A Narrative Review
Nutrients – November 20, 2021
Summary
Traditional antidepressants often fail to alleviate depression in Anorexia nervosa, a complex eating disorder where malnutrition impairs neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, affecting cognition. A compelling finding is that Ketamine, a rapid antidepressant, shows promise for Anorexia treatment. Neuroscience suggests Ketamine enhances neuroplasticity and neurogenesis, potentially addressing the underlying brain changes. This offers a new avenue in Medicine and Psychiatry for treating Anorexia and its comorbid Major depressive disorder, moving beyond current psychological approaches.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly complex disorder to treat, especially in severe and enduring cases. Whilst the precise aetiology of the disorder ...
Repeated administration of the synthetic cannabinoid AKB48 induces serotonergic neuroadaptation in male and female mice: behavioural and immunohistochemical evidence.
Neuropharmacology – February 01, 2026
Summary
Repeated exposure to the Synthetic Cannabinoid AKB48 (PubChem CID: 57404063) significantly worsens responses to synthetic Hallucinogens like 2C-I (PubChem CID: 10267191) or 25I-NBOMe (PubChem CID: 10251906). This effect is more prolonged in male mice. Using a behavioral and immunohistochemical approach, these changes were linked to neuroplasticity in the serotoninergic system, specifically at 5-HT(2A) receptors and SERT in the cerebellum and cortex. Interestingly, this neuroplasticity occurred more rapidly and markedly in female mice, highlighting complex interactions between these substances.
Abstract
In the last years, Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCBs) have established themselves as one of the largest and most popular groups of Novel Psychoactive Su...
Separate or inseparable? Serotonin and dopamine system interactions may underlie the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for anorexia nervosa
Physiology & Behavior – May 20, 2025
Summary
Compelling neuroscience reveals psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, offers significant hope for anorexia nervosa. This powerful alkaloid enhances cognitive flexibility and improves cognition by modifying reward processing. Neurochemical actions involve neuroplasticity, altering neural circuits within the prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Data from animal models and human imaging studies show its influence on both serotonin and dopaminergic pathways, impacting dopamine. This complex neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, a key area in psychology and psychedelics and drug studies, underpins its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a serotonergic psychedelic, has emerged as a promising treatment for a range of mental health conditions, including anorexia nervosa. R...
Altered States and Social Bonds: Effects of MDMA and Serotonergic Psychedelics on Social Behavior as a Mechanism Underlying Substance-Assisted Therapy
Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging – February 09, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal that MDMA and serotonergic hallucinogens uniquely foster prosocial behavior, crucial for mental health. Both compounds alter self-perception and consistently dampen reactivity to negative social input, like social defeat, a key insight for Psychology. Neuroscience indicates both induce social neuroplasticity, promoting adaptive neural rewiring. While MDMA enhances social reward responses, its altered self-image effects differ from serotonergic compounds. Understanding these neurotransmitter receptor influences on behavior is vital for therapeutic strategies, informing fields like Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis about their distinct mechanisms.
Abstract
There has been renewed interest in the use of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and serotonergic psychedelics in the treatment of multiple ...
Depression, Mindfulness, and Psilocybin: Possible Complementary Effects of Mindfulness Meditation and Psilocybin in the Treatment of Depression. A Review
Frontiers in Psychiatry – March 31, 2020
Summary
For the 4.4% of the global population experiencing depression, a novel treatment strategy combining psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, with mindfulness meditation shows promise. A review of 93 articles suggests both impact mood and neuroplasticity, vital for mental health. While psilocybin influences cognition via neural network changes, mindfulness meditation enhances prefrontal cortex regulation. This synergy could offer a powerful new psychotherapeutic treatment, potentially extending the benefits of psychedelics for anxiety and depression in clinical psychology.
Abstract
Depression is a major public health problem that affects approximately 4.4% of the global population. Since conventional pharmacotherapies and psyc...
Evidence of quantum-entangled higher states of consciousness.
Computational and structural biotechnology journal – January 01, 2025
Summary
Quantum entanglement may enhance learning by unlocking higher states of consciousness. In a study involving 212 monozygotic twins, the experimental group demonstrated a 13.5% variance in accuracy during a 144-trial implicit learning task, attributed to entangled qubit configurations. The Quantum-Multilinear Integrated Coefficient revealed a 31.6% increase in variance across twin responses, while neuroplasticity markers accounted for a 26.2% boost in cognitive performance under these conditions. These findings suggest that quantum effects could facilitate anomalous cognitive mechanisms, advancing our understanding of consciousness and learning efficiency.
Abstract
What if quantum entanglement could accelerate learning by unlocking higher states of conscious experience? This study provides empirical and statis...
The potential of psychedelics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 01, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics may hold promise in treating Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) by promoting neuroplasticity and reducing neuroinflammation. Evidence suggests that classic psychedelics enhance synaptic remodeling, leading to improved neuronal survival and increased brain connectivity. In studies involving various psychedelics, significant effects on glutamatergic neurotransmission were observed, potentially countering AD-related atrophy. Notably, psychedelics stimulate neurotrophic factors, which could foster long-lasting neural changes. Given these findings, there is a compelling rationale for exploring psychedelics as innovative therapies for AD and related dementias.
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a currently incurable but increasingly prevalent fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disease, demanding considerati...
Beyond the 5-HT2AReceptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action
Journal of Neuroscience – November 08, 2023
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly promote neuroplasticity, rewiring neural networks that may treat conditions like depression and anxiety. This complex drug action involves activating serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors, influencing perception and cognition. Pharmacology reveals these drugs also interact with other neurotransmitter receptors, impacting psychology and behavior. Future drug studies are exploring chemical synthesis to develop nonhallucinogenic derivatives. These aim to retain therapeutic benefits without the intense experience, offering safer options by modifying their molecular action.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects ...
Cell-type specific transcriptional modulation by psilocybin induces sustained plasticity in mouse medial prefrontal cortex
OpenAlex – January 08, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin dramatically enhances communication within the prefrontal cortex, a key brain region for memory and neural mechanisms. This Neuroscience discovery reveals sustained neuroplasticity, with increased gene expression related to brain cell plasticity observed 24 hours later. Specifically, a deep layer neuron cell type, L5/6 NP, drives this biology. Drug studies show psilocybin's effects are mediated by 5-HT 2C receptors, not 5-HT 2A, highlighting a precise mechanism for psychedelics. This cell-type specific action offers new insights into neuroendocrine regulation and behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Despite enormous interest in psychedelics for psychiatric interventions, potential underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. Here, ...
From fungi to pharmacy: Applied technologies in psilocybin production and its therapeutic applications
Creative Science – December 19, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent alkaloid, demonstrates rapid, sustained antidepressant efficacy in clinical trials, signaling a renaissance in Psychopharmacology. This naturally occurring compound, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, functions as a prodrug. Its active form modulates 5-HT2A receptors, enhancing neuroplasticity—a key mechanism explored in Neuroscience. Advances in chemical synthesis and microbial biosynthesis are revolutionizing its production, moving beyond traditional plant sources. This progress in Pharmacology and Drug discovery positions psilocybin as a transformative agent, bridging biological pathways from fungi to therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid found in over 200 species of fungi, has emerged as a focal point in the modern revival of psy...
Psilocybin’s effect on human brain synaptic plasticity
OpenAlex – October 10, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin, a potent psychedelic compound, significantly boosts brain connectivity when administered in a therapeutic-like environment. Fifteen healthy participants experienced more intense mystical states and lasting psychological benefits, alongside greater synaptic density increases in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, compared to those dosed in an MRI scanner. This demonstrates how environmental context profoundly shapes the neuroplastic effects of such alkaloids, influencing neurotransmitter receptor activity and behavior. These findings have crucial implications for future drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Psychedelics such as psilocybin have been linked to enhanced neuroplasticity and symptom relief in affective disorders, but the neurobiolo...
Therapeutic Effects of Psychedelics and their Non-Hallucinogenic Analogs on Depressive-Like Behaviour
Carleton undergraduate journal of science. – September 02, 2025
Summary
Major depressive disorder affects 280 million people globally, often resisting current treatments. While psilocybin, a hallucinogen, shows promise in Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies by influencing neurotransmitter receptors, its properties limit accessibility. This research investigates whether non-hallucinogenic compounds, derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloid structures like 2-bromo-LSD, can offer similar antidepressant benefits. Using rodent models, it aims to determine if therapeutic neuroplasticity can occur without the hallucinatory experience, potentially providing more accessible options for treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and debilitating condition affecting approximately 280 million people worldwide. Its heterogeneous nat...
The science of psychedelic medicine.
Nature medicine – February 06, 2026
Summary
Psychedelics profoundly alter brain function, creating a critical window for psychological and behavioral change. Understanding reveals two complementary processes: acute brain pattern destabilization and subacute neuroplasticity, enhancing the brain's capacity to adapt. These compounds demonstrate therapeutic potential across diverse neuropsychiatric conditions. Key challenges include reconciling subjective experience with therapeutic outcomes, managing risks of heightened brain plasticity, and streamlining regulatory approval. This evolving science could fundamentally reshape our understanding of how personal experience connects with biological brain changes in psychiatry.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics typically act at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor to profoundly alter brain function and consciousness. Research on these compoun...
[Clinical application and mechanistic studies of psychedelics for treatment of depression: progress and future challenges].
Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University – January 20, 2026
Summary
A compelling new approach to depression treatment is emerging: **psychedelic**s. **Psilocybin**, for instance, demonstrates rapid, robust, and sustained **antidepressant** effects, even for treatment-resistant cases. These compounds remarkably enhance brain **neuroplasticity**, creating a critical therapeutic "window." While precise mechanisms are still being elucidated, the **5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A** pathway is a central focus. This offers a unique, fast-acting intervention for a prevalent global disorder, moving beyond the limitations of current medications.
Abstract
Depression is a complex and globally prevalent mental disorder, for which conventional antidepressant medications face limitations such as delayed ...
Low Doses of LSD Acutely Increase BDNF Blood Plasma Levels in Healthy Volunteers
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – August 31, 2020
Summary
A compelling increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was observed following low doses of LSD. In a placebo-controlled study with 30 healthy volunteers, BDNF levels rose significantly at 4 hours after a 5 μg dose and at 6 hours for both 5 μg and 20 μg doses compared to placebo. This highlights psychedelic medicine's potential for enhancing neuroplasticity, crucial for therapeutic responses in internal medicine and psychology. The biochemical analysis suggests promising avenues for future studies in psychiatric populations.
Abstract
Despite preclinical evidence for psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity, confirmation in humans is grossly lacking. Given the increased interest in us...
Updated View on the Relation of the Pineal Gland to Autism Spectrum Disorders
Frontiers in Endocrinology – February 04, 2019
Summary
Low melatonin levels, linked to pineal gland dysfunction, may play a significant role in autism, affecting around 1 in 44 children. This hormone regulates sleep and circadian rhythms, with many autistic individuals experiencing sleep disorders. Abnormal neuroplasticity, such as cortical overgrowth, is also observed. The pineal gland could be a source of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), suggesting that both melatonin deficiency and DMT metabolism might contribute to autism's development. Exploring these connections could lead to innovative treatments involving melatonin and light exposure.
Abstract
Identification of the biological features of autism is essential for designing an efficient treatment and for prevention of the disorder. Though th...
Ayahuasca, DMT, and Mental Health: A Current Review of Scientific Studies
Current Addiction Reports – February 21, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, shows promise in treating various mental health disorders, including depression and PTSD. In human studies with 60 participants, neuroimaging revealed decreased default mode network activity and increased brain connectivity, suggesting enhanced neuroplasticity. Users often report emotional breakthroughs and heightened self-awareness. While findings are encouraging, especially for addressing core psychological processes, caution is advised for individuals with psychosis or bipolar disorder. Structured trials are essential to establish the safety and efficacy of ayahuasca as a therapeutic option in clinical psychology.
Abstract
Summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on ayahuasca—a traditional Amazonian brew combining N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carbolines—in ...
Neuropharmacology of halogenated DMT analogs: psychoplastogenic and antidepressant properties of 5-Br-DMT, a psychedelic derivative with low hallucinogenic potential
Molecular Psychiatry – October 21, 2025
Summary
A novel compound, 5-Br-DMT, shows promise as a rapid-acting antidepressant without hallucinogenic effects. In a study with mice, a single dose of 10 mg/kg significantly reduced depressive-like behavior. This compound selectively activates serotonin receptors while promoting neuroplasticity through increased expression of genes associated with dendritic growth in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The findings suggest that halogenated DMT derivatives could lead to new treatments for mood disorders, addressing limitations of traditional antidepressants like SSRIs, which often fail to benefit many patients.
Abstract
Current first-line antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), often present a delayed onset of action and fail to eff...
Synergistic psychedelic - NMDAR modulator treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Molecular psychiatry – January 01, 2024
Summary
Combining psychedelics with specific brain receptor modulators may enhance mental health treatment while reducing unwanted effects. New findings show that psilocybin and NMDA receptor compounds like D-serine work together to boost brain plasticity and mood improvement. This dual approach could offer more effective, safer treatment options for depression and other mental health conditions.
Abstract
Modern research data suggest a therapeutic role for serotonergic psychedelics in depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders, although psychoto...
Beyond the 5-HT2A Receptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience – November 08, 2023
Summary
Psychedelic drugs like psilocybin and LSD work through multiple brain pathways, not just the well-known serotonin receptor system. These substances promote the formation of new neural connections and can rewire brain networks, explaining their potential benefits for mental health conditions. While their primary effects occur through serotonin receptors, they also interact with other key brain systems that influence mood and cognition. Scientists are now developing modified versions that could offer therapeutic benefits without hallucinogenic effects.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects ...
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: past, present, and future.
Molecular psychiatry – September 01, 2023
Summary
Brain scans reveal how psychedelic medicines like psilocybin and LSD work to treat mental health conditions. Modern imaging techniques show these drugs temporarily alter brain connectivity and receptor activity, particularly affecting serotonin systems. This helps explain their therapeutic effects on depression, PTSD, and addiction, while guiding the development of safer, more effective treatments.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapy (PT) is an emerging paradigm with great transdiagnostic potential for treating psychiatric disorders, including depression, add...
Advances in the study of NMDA receptors in depression pathogenesis and the antidepressant efficacy of their antagonists.
Asian journal of psychiatry – June 01, 2025
Summary
Breakthrough brain research reveals why traditional antidepressants can take weeks to work, while newer treatments targeting NMDA receptors can lift severe depression within hours. These receptors, part of the brain's glutamatergic system, act like molecular switches affecting mood and memory. When blocked by specific NMDA receptor antagonists, they trigger rapid improvements in depressive symptoms, offering hope for patients who don't respond to conventional treatments.
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDA receptors) play a crucial role as ionotropic glutamate receptors in regulating neuroplasticity, learning, memo...