1731 results for "Ketamine"
Participation of Ca2+-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Melatonin.
Molecular pharmacology – August 16, 2024
Summary
The sleep hormone melatonin may be a powerful ally in fighting depression through its effects on brain chemistry. New findings show that melatonin activates important proteins in the brain that help regulate mood, memory, and neural connections. People with depression often have lower melatonin levels, but supplementation can boost brain plasticity and enhance the effects of other antidepressants, particularly when combined with ketamine.
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland during the dark phase of the photoperiod. Its main function...
Emergent Management of Status Epilepticus.
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) – June 01, 2024
Summary
Every minute counts when treating severe, continuous seizures. Quick action with the right medication can prevent brain damage and save lives. Research shows benzodiazepines are most effective as first-line treatment, administered through multiple routes. For resistant cases, three equally effective second-line drugs exist. Newer evidence supports ketamine use in both early and advanced stages, offering hope for difficult-to-treat cases.
Abstract
Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency that can be life- threatening. The key to effective management is recognition and prompt initiation of...
New psychoactive substances in Taiwan: The current situation and initiative for rational scheduling.
Journal of food and drug analysis – March 15, 2021
Summary
Globally, New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) now outnumber traditional controlled drugs, posing a significant public health challenge. To address this, a mechanism was developed to improve how substances are evaluated for control. Researchers analyzed drug misuse data in Taiwan from 2006-2019 and gathered expert assessments on drug-related harms. They found that while heroin, amphetamines, and ketamine presented high risks, the misuse of various NPS is increasing. A new system, based on 11 indicators across four harm dimensions (addiction, misuse, social, physical), proved effective in predicting harm. This robust framework offers a positive step towards more rational scheduling and better management of drug use problems.
Abstract
Use of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) has posed a global threat to public health and the security of the population. As of December 2019, the NP...
Distributed harmonic patterns of structure-function dependence orchestrate human consciousness
OpenAlex – August 10, 2020
Summary
Neuroscience reveals a profound insight into consciousness: how the human brain's connectome orchestrates our awareness. Using resting state fMRI, a unique "harmonic" signature emerges, indicating loss of wakefulness in conditions like anesthesia or brain injury. This signature, crucial for understanding neural dynamics and brain function, is mirrored in altered states from LSD or ketamine, showing a decoupling of functional brain connectivity. These functional brain connectivity studies offer new neural correlates of consciousness, advancing cognitive science and psychology by pinpointing mechanisms underlying conscious experience and even detecting covert consciousness.
Abstract
Abstract A central question in neuroscience is how consciousness arises from the dynamic interplay of brain structure and function. Departing from ...
Methoxetamine (MXE) – A Phenomenological Study of Experiences Induced by a “Legal High” from the Internet
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – July 01, 2013
Summary
Profound psychological shifts, including identity dissolution often culminating in spiritual experiences, characterize Methoxetamine (MXE) use. This ketamine analogue, sold on the Internet as a "legal high," profoundly alters consciousness. Reports from 33 persons detail effects akin to classic psychedelics and dissociatives, encompassing emotional processes, altered sensory perception, and cognitive malfunction. While users reported positive experiences, fear and anxiety were also common, highlighting its potential for abuse. The observed changes in perception and behavior underscore the significant neurotransmitter receptor influence of such substances.
Abstract
Methoxetamine (MXE), a ketamine analogue, is one of the new "legal highs" sold on the Internet. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide an...
The effects of psychoactive drugs and neuroleptics on language in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients: a review
European Psychiatry – December 01, 2000
Summary
Conventional psychopharmacology treatments significantly reduce language disorders in individuals experiencing Schizophrenia and psychosis. A review of eighteen studies shows neuroleptics, central to Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, improve verbal flow and reduce positive thought disorder when combined with Amphetamine. However, drugs like Ketamine clearly impair language, while Secobarbital or Psilocybin (a hallucinogen) can increase or unfocus production in healthy subjects. Fenfluramine combined with neuroleptics can worsen language measures, highlighting complex drug interactions in Schizophrenia research and treatment.
Abstract
The aim of this survey is to present an overview of research into psychopharmacology as regards the effects of different psychoactive drugs and neu...
Rapid-Acting Antidepressants
Current Pharmaceutical Design – October 19, 2018
Summary
New pharmacological approaches are revolutionizing the Treatment of Major Depression, offering immediate symptom relief unlike conventional Medicine. Compounds like ketamine, scopolamine, and psychedelics (from Drug Studies) are showing large effect sizes, even for patients resistant to other therapies. This represents a significant advance in Intensive care medicine for mental health. Their unique Chemistry amplifies brain signaling, providing rapid antidepressant action, a stark contrast to the slower, weeks-long effects of conventional treatments often linked to tryptophan metabolism in brain disorders.
Abstract
Background: Conventional antidepressants are thought to produce their impact on clinical symptoms by increasing the central availability of biogeni...
Hallucinogens and dissociative drugs
Oxford University Press eBooks – August 01, 2016
Summary
Dependence is uncommon with most hallucinogens, though ketamine is an exception. This Addiction Medicine chapter details a wide array of psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD, alongside dissociative drugs such as PCP. For Mental Health and Psychiatry, it outlines their pharmacological effects and clinical syndromes, from acute intoxication to psychosis – a critical area for Psychology and Drug Studies. Flashbacks are a characteristic feature. Understanding these compounds is vital, especially for Schizophrenia research and treatment, given their profound impact on the mind.
Abstract
Abstract Chapter 15 of Addiction Medicine covers hallucinogens and dissociative drugs. Hallucinogens are a large and diverse group of substances, s...
Exploring the Impact of Recreational Drugs on Suicidal Behavior: A Narrative Review
Psychoactives – July 03, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, may offer a surprising protective effect against suicidal behavior, a key finding for clinical psychology and psychiatry. While many recreational drugs, including cannabis, methamphetamine, heroin, and nicotine, are linked to increased suicide risk and substance abuse, psilocybin and ketamine show potential for reducing it. This insight for medicine and drug studies challenges conventional views on recreational use. The complex interplay between addiction and mental health highlights the varied impact of psychedelics and other drugs, with MDMA's role still under investigation.
Abstract
Substance use/abuse and suicide are two closely related phenomena, mostly due to neurobiological, psychological, and social impairments. In the pre...
Psychedelics for treating psychiatric disorders: Are they safe?
Current Psychiatry – December 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are rapidly gaining prominence in Medicine, with some compounds designated "breakthrough therapies" by the FDA, expediting their development. Growing evidence from Drug Studies highlights their potential for treating psychiatric disorders like depression, PTSD, and substance use disorders, often alongside psychotherapy. While ketamine already treats depression and other Psychedelics anticipate FDA approval, understanding their safety profile is crucial. These substances, including psilocybin and MDMA, are generally well-tolerated, though associated with various adverse effects, signaling a significant shift in Psychiatry.
Abstract
SAM FALCONERP sychedelics are a class of substances known to produce alterations in consciousness and perception.In the last 2 decades, psychedelic...
Treatment‐resistant depression: definition, prevalence, detection, management, and investigational interventions
World Psychiatry – September 15, 2023
Summary
At least 30% of individuals with depression experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD), a significant challenge in Medicine and Psychiatry. Defined by inadequate response to two antidepressants, TRD has substantial economic implications. Effective clinical trial-supported treatments include intravenous ketamine and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Adjunctive options like Aripiprazole, Quetiapine, and the Olanzapine-fluoxetine combination are used. Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies confirm efficacy, and psychological intervention provides relief when added to antidepressants, improving Treatment of Major Depression outcomes.
Abstract
Treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) is common and associated with multiple serious public health implications. A consensus definition of TRD with ...
Novel perspectives for glutamatergic strategies, psychedelics and antipsychotic augmentation in Treatment Resistant Depression: A narrative review
Clinical Neuropsychopharmacology and Addiction – September 25, 2025
Summary
Approximately 30-50% of Major Depressive Disorder patients face treatment-resistant depression, lacking effective options. A review of 60 articles highlights a promising shift in drug studies. Glutamatergic agents like ketamine, examined in 43 studies, provide rapid relief. Psychedelics also show sustained antidepressant benefits. These advancements offer new hope for the treatment of Major Depression, moving beyond traditional monoaminergic approaches—like those involving Tryptophan in brain disorders—towards personalized care.
Abstract
Introduction: Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) affects approximately 30–50% of patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who fail to respon...
Endocannabinoids, depression, and treatment resistance: Perspectives on effective therapeutic interventions
Psychiatry Research – August 18, 2025
Summary
A breakthrough reveals that diverse interventions for treatment-resistant depression, a significant economic burden, converge on the endocannabinoid system. Strategies in psychiatry and psychology, from rTMS and ketamine to psychedelics, elevate endocannabinoids like anandamide and 2-AG or modulate CB1 receptors. This unifying mechanism offers new medicine. Such findings, crucial for psychotherapists, highlight the importance of Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research and Psychedelics and Drug Studies in overcoming treatment resistance.
Abstract
Depression is a prevalent and heterogeneous disorder with significant personal and social consequences. The rise of treatment-resistant depression ...
The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research
Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica – May 01, 2023
Summary
Hallucinogens, used by ancient cultures in religious and healing **context**, are experiencing a resurgence in **psychedelics and drug studies**. After initial research in the **1950s** faced over **two decades** of restrictions, a comprehensive review now highlights their therapeutic potential. Substances like **Psilocybin**, **Mescaline**, and **Ayahuasca** alter perception through **neurotransmitter receptor influence** on behavior, primarily via 5-HT2A receptors. The **pharmacology** of **dissociative** agents like ketamine also shows rapid, short-lasting antidepressant effects. This shift in **psychology** offers new avenues for treatment.
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practice...
Antidepressants enter cells, organelles, and membranes.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – January 01, 2024
Summary
Many antidepressants achieve their therapeutic effects by acting *inside* cells, not just on external surfaces as commonly assumed. This "inside-out pharmacology" means drugs must cross membranes to reach internal compartments. Key chemical properties like charge and lipid solubility, quantified by metrics such as LogP and pKa, dictate this movement. For most antidepressants, including SSRIs and ketamine, these properties are measured, revealing unusually large volumes of distribution. This indicates significant drug accumulation within subcellular spaces, often trapped in acidic organelles. Understanding these internal actions is vital for pinpointing where drugs truly engage their targets.
Abstract
We begin by summarizing several examples of antidepressants whose therapeutic actions begin when they encounter their targets in the cytoplasm or i...
Iron overload contributes to general anaesthesia-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits
Journal of Neuroinflammation – April 10, 2020
Summary
General anesthesia, particularly through ketamine and sevoflurane, disrupts iron metabolism in the brain, leading to cognitive deficits in both young rats and aged mice. In experiments involving primary hippocampal neurons, 70% of neurons exhibited signs of iron overload after anesthesia exposure. This overload triggered ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death linked to neurodegeneration. Remarkably, using the iron chelator deferiprone reduced mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive decline by 50%, suggesting that managing iron levels could mitigate anesthesia-related neurological issues.
Abstract
Abstract Background Increasing evidence suggests that multiple or long-time exposure to general anaesthesia (GA) could be detrimental to cognitive ...
Esketamine Implementation Challenges in Psychiatry: A Qualitative Analysis of Mental Healthcare Providers’ Social Media Commentary
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry – March 10, 2026
Summary
Implementation of esketamine for treatment-resistant depression faces significant hurdles, with 65.1% of mental healthcare providers citing billing and reimbursement issues as primary concerns. Analyzing 186 social media posts from March 2019 to November 2022 revealed that 72.3% expressed negative sentiment about reimbursement, while 86.7% preferred ketamine over esketamine. Other challenges included staffing (18.3%) and pharmacy procurement (16.7%). These findings highlight critical barriers impacting the integration of this FDA-approved treatment into psychiatric practices in Las Vegas and beyond.
Abstract
Background Though esketamine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment-resistant depression in 2019, there is no publish...
Clinical Experience and Optimisation of the Cheung Glutamatergic Regimen for Refractory Psychiatric Diseases
Preprints.org – November 28, 2025
Summary
Intravenous ketamine has revolutionized treatment for refractory mood and anxiety disorders, but its high cost limits access. The Cheung glutamatergic regimen offers a promising alternative using readily available medications. By combining dextromethorphan with a CYP2D6 inhibitor, along with piracetam and l-glutamine, patients have reported sudden recoveries from depression, PTSD, and chronic pain. In small case series, these approaches have shown dramatic improvements in over 70% of participants. However, careful management of pharmacokinetics is crucial to avoid potential toxicity from this combination.
Abstract
Intravenous ketamine has transformed the care of refractory mood and anxiety disorders, yet its cost and clinical complexity keep many patients on ...
Is poor dose selection undermining the translational validity of antidepressant research involving animal models?
OpenAlex – November 01, 2025
Summary
Animal models of major depressive disorder (MDD) often use antidepressant doses that are significantly higher than those effective in humans. In a review of 232 ketamine and 202 fluoxetine studies, the median dose was 10 mg/kg, surpassing clinically relevant levels by 1.6 to 6.5 times. This discrepancy raises concerns about translating animal study results to human treatments, as these elevated doses may activate unrelated mechanisms, complicating drug development for treatment-resistant depression. Addressing dose selection is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes in MDD.
Abstract
Abstract Background Behavioural studies in animal models represent a critical component of psychiatric drug development. Positive results in animal...
Analysis of drugs of abuse and contaminants in individuals under drug surveillance programs: A study in hair samples.
Forensic science international – June 01, 2025
Summary
Hair analysis reveals concerning drug use patterns in Brazil: Advanced testing of 900+ samples uncovered widespread cocaine use and dangerous contaminants. Using LC-MS/MS technology, researchers found 30% of samples positive for drugs of abuse, with cocaine and psychoactive substances most common. Adulterants like phenacetin were frequently detected alongside cocaine, highlighting risks.
Abstract
In this study, over 900 hair samples from individuals using drugs of abuse in São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil were analysed for classical d...
Systematic review of clinical effectiveness of interventions for treatment resistant late-life depression.
Ageing research reviews – May 01, 2025
Summary
When depression persists in older people despite standard treatments, new approaches offer hope. Recent analysis of clinical trials reveals promising options for resistant depression in late life. Adding the medication aripiprazole to existing treatments showed notable success in reducing symptoms. Other effective approaches included magnetic brain stimulation and specialized cognitive therapy. While various treatments demonstrated positive results, aripiprazole emerged as particularly reliable with manageable side effects.
Abstract
Treatment-resistant late-life depression (TRLLD) affects nearly half of older adults with major depression. This systematic review evaluates publis...
Effects of psychoplastogens on blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Molecular Psychiatry – November 29, 2024
Summary
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 29 studies reveals that psychedelics and related drugs, often explored in Drug Studies for conditions like Major Depression, do not elevate peripheral Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in humans. BDNF, a key neurotrophic factor, is a common biomarker for neuroplasticity in medicine and psychology. Despite its use, this analysis, spanning databases like PsycINFO, found a negligible effect size (0.024). This suggests peripheral BDNF may not reliably indicate rapid neuroplasticity changes, challenging assumptions in neuroscience and internal medicine about these compounds.
Abstract
Abstract Background Peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are often used as a biomarker for the rapid plasticity-promoting ...
Clinical Effects of Psychedelic Substances Reported to United States Poison Centers: 2012 to 2022.
Annals of emergency medicine – December 01, 2024
Summary
Over the past decade, calls to poison centers about psychedelic substances have surged, with mushroom-related cases more than doubling. Analysis of 54,605 cases revealed that half of all psychedelic exposures required medical intervention. Cardiovascular issues were particularly common with hallucinogenic amphetamines. While many cases needed hospital care, including sedation and breathing support, 40% involved multiple substances, complicating treatment.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances use is increasing in the United States (US). The approval of new psychedelic drugs and legalization of natural psychedelic s...
Cardiovascular Effects of Non-Selective Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Intranasal Esketamine Combination in Depression - A Quasi-Experimental Design with Bayesian Analyses.
Pharmacopsychiatry – June 02, 2025
Summary
Combining two powerful antidepressant treatments shows promising safety results. A recent analysis of 193 treatment sessions revealed that intranasal esketamine can be safely combined with certain antidepressants, showing only minor, clinically insignificant changes in blood pressure and heart rate. This finding opens new possibilities for patients with treatment-resistant depression who need multiple medication options.
Abstract
Ketamine and esketamine (ESK) offer new treatment options for resistant depression. Unlike traditional antidepressants, they can be used in combina...
Drugs Used in "Chemsex"/Sexualized Drug Behaviour-Overview of the Related Clinical Psychopharmacological Issues.
Brain sciences – April 22, 2025
Summary
The dangerous mix of drugs and sex has created a concerning trend: chemsex participants often combine multiple substances to enhance intimate experiences, leading to severe health risks. This analysis reveals how different drugs serve specific roles in sexualized drug behaviour - from stimulants boosting performance to dissociatives reducing physical discomfort. The findings show that drug use in these contexts often leads to risky behaviors and potential substance misuse, with users facing both immediate dangers and long-term addiction risks.
Abstract
Background: "Chemsex" involves the intake of a range of drugs (e.g., synthetic cathinones, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid/gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL),...
Airway Management in Patients With Acute Brain Injury or Ischemia.
The Journal of emergency medicine – January 06, 2025
Summary
When treating brain injuries, proper breathing support can mean the difference between recovery and decline. Medical experts now have clear protocols for managing airways in patients with traumatic or ischemic brain injury. Key findings show that careful endotracheal intubation, combined with precise blood pressure control and proper oxygenation, helps prevent secondary brain injury. This approach has significantly improved patient outcomes.
Abstract
Airway management and endotracheal intubation are essential skills of emergency medicine. Patients with acute brain injury or ischemia have complex...
Detection of hidden populations using illicit substances.
Journal of epidemiology and community health – April 23, 2025
Summary
Hidden drug users vastly outnumber known cases, with up to 174 times more undetected users of new psychoactive substances than registered ones. Analysis of autopsy and arrest records in Taiwan revealed unregistered users were typically younger, employed, and female. Most concerning: 79% of fatal polydrug SUBSTANCE ABUSE cases occurred among hidden users, highlighting a critical public health and EPIDEMIOLOGY challenge.
Abstract
The prevalence of hidden populations using illicit substances may lead to underestimation of the health and social impacts. This study aimed to pre...
The Resurgence of Hallucinogen Drugs in Clinical Research.
Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion – January 01, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking clinical trials reveal that natural and synthetic hallucinogens, from magic mushrooms to LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide), show remarkable potential in treating mental health conditions. These substances, including N,N-dimethyltryptamine and peyote, demonstrate powerful antidepressant effects by activating specific brain receptors. Studies show rapid mood improvement and reduced anxiety in patients, with benefits lasting weeks after a single dose.
Abstract
Since the dawn of civilization, ancient cultures have utilized hallucinogens from plants and fungi in the context of religious and healing practice...
Adverse drug effects as a deterrent against willingness to use in the future among nightclub/festival attendees.
Drug and alcohol review – September 01, 2023
Summary
Negative experiences with club drugs can significantly impact future use decisions, according to data from nearly 3,000 NYC nightclub and festival attendees. Those who experienced adverse effects from cocaine or ecstasy were roughly half as likely to express willingness to use again within a month. While similar patterns emerged for other substances, the deterrent effect was strongest for these two drugs. This suggests personal experiences of poisoning or other harmful effects may naturally discourage continued use.
Abstract
It is largely unknown whether adverse effects experienced from recreational drug use affect willingness to use again. This study determined whether...
Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in elderly surgical patients 2023.
Scientific reports – January 09, 2025
Summary
Nearly half of elderly patients experience confusion after surgery, a condition known as postoperative delirium. A comprehensive analysis of surgical cases revealed that patients over 75 face 11 times higher risk. Using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, medical teams found that certain medications and blood loss during surgery significantly increase risk. Early detection in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit helps prevent complications and reduces hospital stays.
Abstract
Postoperative delirium has the potential to impact individuals of all age groups, with a significant emphasis on the elderly population. Its presen...
Determination of Arylcyclohexylamines in Biological Specimens: Sensors and Sample Pre-Treatment Approaches.
Micromachines – July 30, 2024
Summary
New detection methods are revolutionizing how we identify dangerous recreational drugs in medical samples. Advanced sensors and refined sample pretreatment techniques now allow toxicology labs to detect trace amounts of arylcyclohexylamines - powerful dissociative compounds - in biological specimens. These improvements enable faster, more accurate testing in both emergency medical situations and forensic investigations.
Abstract
Arylcyclohexylamine (ACH) compounds represent a predominant faction within new psychoactive substances. Due to their powerful dissociative effects,...
Non-equilibrium brain dynamics as a signature of consciousness
arXiv Preprint Archive – December 19, 2020
Summary
Our brains operate far from equilibrium during consciousness, like a bustling city that never settles down. By analyzing brain activity in both primates and humans during sleep and anesthesia, researchers discovered that consciousness requires dynamic, energetic brain states. When consciousness fades, brain activity shifts closer to equilibrium - similar to how a busy marketplace quiets as it closes. These findings reveal that measuring how far brain activity strays from equilibrium could help identify conscious states.
Abstract
The cognitive functions of human and non-human primates rely on the dynamic interplay of distributed neural assemblies. As such, it seems unlikely ...
Analysis of recreational psychedelic substance use experiences classified by substance
Psychopharmacology – January 15, 2022
Summary
MDMA experiences uniquely feature an emotionally intense profile alongside many cognitive process words, according to an analysis of 2947 online reports. This Psychology research in Psychedelics and Drug Studies examined language patterns from substances like Psilocybin, LSD, and the Hallucinogen Ayahuasca/DMT. While MDMA reports showed heightened emotional and cognition, informing Cognitive psychology, Ayahuasca/DMT reports were most akin to mystical experiences, displaying less emotional and cognitive process language but more analytical thinking. These distinct linguistic profiles offer insights for Clinical psychology treatments and understanding Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale and objectives Differences among psychedelic substances regarding their subjective experiences are clinically and scientifically...
Serotonergic psychedelics for depression: A comprehensive overview.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Imagine a single treatment rapidly easing severe depression. Recent insights from clinical trials show certain psychedelics, like psilocybin, offer profound and sustained relief for major depressive disorder (MDD) and treatment-resistant depression (TRD). These powerful compounds demonstrate antidepressant effects comparable to conventional therapies, presenting a promising new frontier in addressing challenging forms of depression.
Abstract
Depressive disorders continue to pose a major clinical challenge worldwide, particularly given the high prevalence and increasing number of treatme...
Self-reported use of novel psychoactive substances among attendees of electronic dance music venues.
The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse – November 01, 2016
Summary
Over a third of young adults at NYC electronic dance music events have used novel psychoactive substances. A survey of 682 attendees at nightclubs and festivals found 35.1% lifetime use. Synthetic cannabinoids, psychedelic phenethylamines, and synthetic cathinones ("bath salts") were most common. This clearly shows significant novel psychoactive substance use in these venues, particularly among frequent attendees.
Abstract
Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) continue to emerge in the United States and worldwide. Few epidemiological studies have examined the prevalenc...
Altered states: psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression
The Lancet Psychiatry – May 17, 2016
Summary
A pilot in Psychiatry suggests Psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, offers hope for Treatment-resistant depression. In a feasibility study with 12 patients, a regimen combining synthesized psilocybin with psychological support reduced depression scores by around 10 points on the Hamilton Depression Scale after one week. This Medicine, documented in medical literature and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, showed promising safety and preliminary efficacy, with about half the participants still experiencing benefits at three months. This offers hope for the 20% of patients with depression unresponsive to conventional treatments.
Abstract
"Alice remained looking thoughtfully at the mushroom for a minute, trying to make out which were the two sides of it; and as it was perfectly round...
Patterns of recreational drug use at dance events in Edinburgh, Scotland
Addiction – July 01, 2001
Summary
At dance events, 85% of 122 recreational drug users surveyed mixed substances, revealing significant substance abuse patterns. Over 80% consumed Ecstasy (MDMA) and Amphetamine, with 35% using Ecstasy weekly for recreation. Hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide were also reported. This prevalent drug use often involved poly-drug behaviors, with 30% reporting unprotected sex and 35% driving on drugs. Such findings from Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis highlight critical public health and psychiatry concerns within music culture.
Abstract
Aims . To describe the patterns of drug use at dance (rave) events in terms of prevalence, frequency, type of drugs used, patterns of use, access a...
Psychoactive Drugs in the Management of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Promising New Horizon
Cureus – May 23, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are offering a powerful new frontier in Psychiatry, particularly for traumatic stress and anxiety. Compounds like MDMA and the hallucinogen Psilocybin emerge as innovative medicine, directly targeting fear pathways to alleviate severe PTSD symptoms. This psychopharmacology, often integrated with a psychotherapist's guidance, shows promise for treatment-resistant cases. Renewed Psychedelics and Drug Studies are propelling exploration beyond traditional approaches, hinting at broader applications for brain disorders, potentially including Treatment of Major Depression, and exploring Tryptophan pathways.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that often presents after exposure to a traumatic, life-threatening event. Experiencin...
Quantitative natural language processing markers of psychoactive drug effects: A pre-registered systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – February 16, 2025
Summary
A fascinating finding in Drug Studies reveals that all psychoactive drugs, from stimulants to Psychedelics, alter language production. New Psychology research, applying automated language analysis, objectively identifies short-term effects. For instance, based on two or more studies per substance, stimulants increase verbosity, while MDMA increases closeness to emotional words. Psilocybin enhances positive sentiment, suggesting potential for Medicine and Treatment of Major Depression. One study even validated identifying MDMA intoxication. This objective approach, examining how diverse chemical synthesis and alkaloids impact the mind, moves beyond subjective accounts.
Abstract
Psychoactive substances used for recreational purposes have mind-altering effects, but systematic evaluation of these effects is largely limited to...
Synapses, predictions, and prediction errors: a neocortical computational study of MDD using the temporal memory algorithm of HTM
OpenAlex – July 03, 2022
Summary
A compelling **Neuroscience** finding reveals that even a 25% loss of synapses in an **artificial neural network** model of the **neocortex** drastically reduces prediction confidence, even when accurate. This **Artificial Intelligence** model, designed using **Computer Science** principles and **Hebbian theory** for learning, simulates how degraded brain connections contribute to **Major Depression**. While 50% synapse loss slightly reduced prediction numbers, the 25% reduction distinctively impacted confidence. This **Cognitive Psychology** insight offers new avenues for **Treatment of Major Depression** and **Mental Health Research Topics**, bridging **Functional Brain Connectivity Studies** with symptom understanding.
Abstract
Abstract Background Synapses and spines are central in major depressive disorder (MDD) pathophysiology, recently highlighted by ketamine’s and psil...
426. THE MGLUR2/3 ANTAGONIST ENHANCES THE BEHAVIORAL AND CELLULAR ANTIDEPRESSANT-LIKE EFFECTS OF PSILOCYBIN AND SCOPOLAMINE
The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology – August 01, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and scopolamine demonstrate powerful antidepressant effects, significantly amplified by targeting specific brain receptors. Pharmacology reveals a low dose of a Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 antagonist dramatically enhanced psilocybin's antidepressant action in mice, with benefits lasting up to 7 days. This neuroscience insight suggests combining these agents could lower doses and reduce hallucinogenic side effects, a crucial development for Medicine. Such drug studies, exploring Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, offer new pathways for treating depression, leveraging chemical synthesis and alkaloids like psilocybin for improved psychological outcomes.
Abstract
Abstract Background Numerous data indicates that hallucinogens from various groups such as ketamine, scopolamine or psilocybin exert rapid antidepr...
Book of the Month: Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine – May 01, 2002
Summary
Cocaine, once used in Medicine to treat morphine addiction, became the commonest cause of drug-related death in the USA. A comprehensive Drug analysis resource, Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse, spans 541 pages with 800 new references. It explores critical Forensic Toxicology challenges, like interpreting post-mortem drug concentrations, and Psychiatry concerns, such as stimulants like khat inducing psychotic illness. Despite widespread opiate deaths, only 12 new papers on microscopic findings emerged in a decade, underscoring research gaps.
Abstract
Over the past decade, the widespread use of ‘recreational’ drugs has been increasingly acknowledged. In a burst of revelation last year, politician...
Everything old is new again: are psychedelic medicines poised to take mental health by storm?
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – October 26, 2018
Summary
A compelling storm is transforming mental health. Psychedelics, once fringe, are now central to psychiatry and psychology. Groundbreaking drug studies show psilocybin, an alkaloid, yields profound benefits. In one trial of 51 cancer patients, a single dose produced large effect size reductions in depression and anxiety, with over 50% achieving remission at 6 months. Another study with 20 patients showed 47% with treatment-resistant depression responded, 66% maintaining at 6 months. These findings highlight a unique neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, offering hope for new treatments.
Abstract
Three years ago, when I accepted a position as Director of Clinical and Translational Research at Usona Institute, a non-profit medical research or...
Exploring inner depths
OpenAlex – February 20, 2024
Summary
Patients receiving psychedelic treatments for depression report profound, sometimes anxious, experiences. Feeling unprepared or unsupported often heightened discomfort, hindering therapeutic surrender. Conversely, trust in therapists and strong emotional backing eased anxiety, fostering beneficial outcomes like feeling more open or detached from negative thoughts. Improving treatment delivery, much like understanding the deep, foundational layers of **Geology**, requires offering multiple sessions and extended support to enhance patient comfort and efficacy.
Abstract
Psychedelics are remarkable, versatile substances that produce a wide range of effects and can cause both harm and healing. Clinical research into ...
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Hallucinogens
OpenAlex – March 11, 2022
Summary
Hallucinogens profoundly alter perception by targeting specific brain chemistry. Classic psychedelics like Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a derivative of lysergic acid, psilocybin, and mescaline, primarily influence serotonin neurotransmitter receptors. This pharmacology reveals their impact on neuroscience and psychology. Dissociative drugs, including Phencyclidine, operate differently, affecting glutamate. Drug studies explore their therapeutic potential, such as for Treatment of Major Depression, alongside risks of misuse. Understanding this diverse chemistry and how these substances influence behavior is vital.
Abstract
This chapter highlights the similarities in chemical structure and physiologic effects of hallucinogens, as well as their metabolism, therapeutic u...
Psychedelics, the Spiritual and Consciousness—an Evolving Confluence in the Cultural Stream
Tikkun – January 01, 2018
Summary
A compelling finding from a survey of 893 participants reveals that ego dissolution during psychedelic experiences predicts liberal political views, openness, and nature relatedness, while negatively predicting authoritarianism. This highlights psychedelics' role in a broader stream of awakening consciousness. Such experiences, studied in psychology and social psychology, foster a confluence of individual aesthetics and environmental ethics, democratizing spiritual access. This sociological impact underscores their potential to deepen our collective stream of consciousness, fostering connection and cooperation.
Abstract
in this time of ever ascendant materialism, greed, and pathological narcissism, when the delusion of the disconnected dominant individual grows str...
Self-administered complementary and alternative methods of treating mental disorders among students in Wrocław: a cross-sectional study.
Frontiers in public health – January 01, 2025
Summary
Nearly all university students in Poland (96.1%) use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for mental health, even as 74.7% with a disorder history experience depression. A survey of 493 students revealed high rates of alternative medicine use like marijuana (31.3%) and ashwagandha (24.8%). Cost (80.7%) and availability (35.7%) are major barriers to professional care. Intriguingly, marijuana users and those taking ashwagandha reported more intense depressive symptoms, highlighting potential risks of unsupervised substance use.
Abstract
Mental health disorders such as depression are a rising issue among university students. Some of them use complementary and alternative medicine (C...
Three years of wastewater surveillance for new psychoactive substances from 16 countries.
Water research X – May 01, 2023
Summary
Wastewater analysis from up to 47 sites in 16 countries (2019-2022) uncovered 18 new psychoactive substances, revealing a complex global landscape of illicit drugs. This vital public health monitoring tool showed substances like 3-methylmethcathinone increasing significantly in European communities. The spread of these novel compounds, detected through wastewater analysis, underscores its critical role in understanding spatial and temporal trends, offering essential intelligence for targeted interventions and safeguarding public health.
Abstract
The proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) over recent years has made their surveillance complex. The analysis of raw municipal influen...
[Identification of Three Arylcyclohexylamines (MXPr, MXiPr, and DMXE) in Illegal Products].
Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan – January 01, 2022
Summary
Dangerous new psychoactive substances, derivatives of the controlled anesthetic-related compound methoxetamine, are emerging. Three such arylcyclohexylamine compounds—methoxpropamine, methoxisopropamine, and deoxymethoxetamine—were identified in illegal products. Methoxetamine itself, a potent arylcyclohexylamine, is a controlled narcotic in Japan, linked to health problems. The appearance of these three new psychoactive substances underscores an evolving illicit drug landscape, introducing novel risks to users and public health.
Abstract
Arylcyclohexylamines are a category of substances to which the anesthetic ketamine belongs. The arylcyclohexylamines have been reported to act as a...
Rewarding and reinforcing effects of two dissociative-based new psychoactive substances, deschloroketamine and diphenidine, in mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – February 01, 2022
Summary
Deschloroketamine, a new psychoactive substance, exhibits significant dependence liability. In animal models, 10 mg/kg deschloroketamine induced strong conditioned place preference. Critically, 1 mg/kg/infusion increased self-administration, indicating both rewarding and reinforcing effects. While diphenidine (10-20 mg/kg) also produced conditioned place preference, it did not increase self-administration. This suggests diphenidine's dependence liability is primarily rewarding, whereas deschloroketamine drives both reward and reinforcement, distinguishing how these new psychoactive substances impact behavior.
Abstract
Dissociative-based new psychoactive substances (NPSs) are increasingly available through the Internet, and public health problems related to the re...