1662 results for "LSD"
Knowledge gaps in psychedelic medicalisation: Preclinical and neuroimaging mechanisms.
Neuroscience applied – January 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelic compounds like psilocybin are intensely investigated for brain disorders. Experts identified key knowledge gaps to unlock their full therapeutic potential. Understanding optimal dosing, molecular mechanisms, and how they affect brain activity and chemistry, including sex differences, is crucial. This clarity promises to maximize their clinical benefits.
Abstract
Classical psychedelic drugs, e.g., psilocybin and LSD, stimulate the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) and have recently been intensely investigated ...
Spatiotemporal Mapping of Online Interest in Cannabis and Popular Psychedelics before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health – May 29, 2022
Summary
Interest in psilocybin significantly increased during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Poland. Online search data, acting as a sensing technique for public psychology, revealed that 12 (60%) of 20 popular hallucinogens, including cannabis, exhibited distinct seasonal patterns across different geographies. Psilocybin and ayahuasca showed annual interest peaks, while cannabis displayed quarterly fluctuations. These insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight evolving trends in drug interest, offering valuable information for public health monitoring during and after the pandemic.
Abstract
Background: Psychedelics represent a unique subset of psychoactive substances that can induce an aberrant state of consciousness principally via th...
A systematic literature review of clinical trials and therapeutic applications of ibogaine.
Journal of substance abuse treatment – July 01, 2022
Summary
A comprehensive review suggests ibogaine, a unique psychedelic, shows promise as a treatment for substance use disorder. It appears effective in reducing withdrawal and craving, particularly for opioid and cocaine addiction. Unlike classic hallucinogens, this approach may offer novel therapeutic opportunities, also aiding depressive symptoms. Rigorous medical oversight is crucial for safe application.
Abstract
Iboga and its primary alkaloids, ibogaine and noribogaine, have been of interest to researchers and practitioners, mainly due to their putative eff...
Changes in Online Psychoactive Substance Trade via Telegram during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
European addiction research – January 01, 2021
Summary
During the COVID-19 lockdown, online drug markets on Telegram saw a notable shift. Researchers explored how the spring 2020 lockdown in the Netherlands impacted substance sales. Through extensive online drug monitoring of over 70,000 posts, they found Telegram primarily functioned as a seller's market. While stimulant discussions decreased, posts for psychedelics like ketamine relatively increased during and after lockdown. This reveals the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered online substance trade, with varying impacts across drug categories.
Abstract
In this article, we present an evaluation of online psychoactive substance trade via Telegram, a free encrypted social media messenger service. The...
Screening of 104 New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and Other Drugs of Abuse in Oral Fluid by LC-MS-MS.
Journal of analytical toxicology – October 12, 2020
Summary
Detecting over 100 illicit substances, including emerging synthetics, from a simple saliva sample is now possible. Scientists developed a highly sensitive LC-MS-MS method to screen for 104 new psychoactive and common drugs in oral fluid. This technique successfully identified synthetic cannabinoids and fentanyl analogues at very low levels. It showed excellent reliability, strong recovery, and minimal interference, detecting multiple substances simultaneously. This robust approach offers a powerful tool for quick, accurate drug screening.
Abstract
New psychoactive substances (NPS) are a major public health problem, primarily due to the increased number of acute poisoning cases. Detection of t...
2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOME): A Harmful Hallucinogen Review.
Journal of analytical toxicology – January 21, 2021
Summary
Synthetic hallucinogen 25I-NBOMe has caused over 20 deaths and many intoxications in Europe. A review clarified its poorly understood properties, effects, and detection by compiling lab studies, behavioral data, and clinical cases. It established its potent hallucinogenic action on serotonin receptors and detailed severe toxic effects like heart/kidney damage. This clarity firmly identifies 25I-NBOMe as a major public health danger.
Abstract
NBOMes are N-benzylmethoxy derivatives of the 2C family compounds with N-2-methoxybenzyl moiety substituted by the methoxy group at the 2- and 5-po...
A qualitative descriptive analysis of effects of psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – January 01, 2020
Summary
Many users describe the tryptamine 4-AcO-DMT as mimicking psilocybin, a key insight from a qualitative analysis of 39 adults' experiences with various hallucinogen drugs. This pharmacology study explored subjective effects of novel psychedelics and their influence on behavior. Among participants, 46.2% used tryptamines, while 64.1% used phenethylamines like the 2C series. Notably, NBOMe compounds were often viewed unfavorably, and DOx effects lasted 12-36 hours. Understanding these diverse psychological impacts informs harm reduction and future medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Objective The number of novel psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines has continued to increase, but little academic research has focu...
Purity, adulteration and price of drugs bought on-line versus off-line in the Netherlands.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) – April 01, 2017
Summary
Online drug markets, including darknet cryptomarkets and webshops, are growing, yet surprisingly, the quality of drugs purchased there often matches or exceeds offline sources. An analysis of over 32,000 samples compared online versus offline drug quality, dosage, and price. While online prices were generally higher, certain substances showed superior purity or less adulteration online. For example, some online ecstasy and 2C-B tablets had higher dosage. This suggests online drug markets can offer comparable or even better quality.
Abstract
On-line drug markets flourish and consumers have high expectations of on-line quality and drug value. The aim of this study was to (i) describe on-...
The claustrum's proposed role in consciousness is supported by the effect and target localization of Salvia divinorum.
Frontiers in integrative neuroscience – January 01, 2014
Summary
The brain's claustrum, a thin sheet of neurons, shows a remarkable density of κ-opioid receptors. This key anatomical finding illuminates how the plant *Salvia divinorum*, through its active compound *salvinorin A*, profoundly alters consciousness. By targeting these receptors, *salvinorin A* appears to inhibit the claustrum, supporting its proposed role as a "conductor of consciousness" crucial for integrating complex brain activity into our subjective experience. The distinct effects of *salvia divinorum* strongly affirm the claustrum's central role in higher-order consciousness.
Abstract
THIS ARTICLE BRINGS TOGETHER THREE FINDINGS AND IDEAS RELEVANT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS: (I) Crick's and Koch's theory that the...
Behavioral and neurochemical pharmacology of six psychoactive substituted phenethylamines: mouse locomotion, rat drug discrimination and in vitro receptor and transporter binding and function.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2014
Summary
Certain psychoactive-substituted phenethylamines can surprisingly boost movement at low doses. Researchers explored their behavioral effects and mechanisms. Through studies on mouse locomotor activity, rat drug discrimination, and cellular receptor interactions, it was found that most of these compounds produced hallucinogen-like discriminative stimulus effects, resembling known hallucinogens. They primarily acted as full agonists at 5-HT2A receptors. One compound, 2C-I, uniquely interacted with the serotonin transporter, suggesting its psychoactive properties may stem from a specific 5-HT2A pathway.
Abstract
Psychoactive-substituted phenethylamines 2,5-dimethoxy-4-chlorophenethylamine (2C-C); 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenethylamine (2C-D); 2,5-dimethoxy-4-...
Salvia divinorum use and phenomenology: results from an online survey.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – November 01, 2011
Summary
Many users of the hallucinogenic plant *Salvia divinorum* report few troubling adverse effects. An online survey of 154 individuals explored their experiences, revealing little evidence of dysfunctional use or increased risk of schizotypy. Users described unique mixed hallucinogenic and dissociative effects, distinguishing it from other substances. Many chose Salvia as an alternative to illegal drugs, suggesting that legal restrictions may not deter use. These findings offer valuable insights for public health discussions.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a hallucinogenic plant with ethnopharmacological and recreational uses. It differs from classic serotonergic hallucinogens such...
Salvia divinorum: from Mazatec medicinal and hallucinogenic plant to emerging recreational drug.
Human psychopharmacology – September 01, 2013
Summary
The most potent natural hallucinogenic drug known is salvinorin A, found in *Salvia divinorum*. Once a Mazatec medicinal plant, it's now a recreational "herbal high." Research surveys its brain effects and use trends, revealing it induces intense, short-lived psychedelic experiences. While perceived as safe, data indicate potential health risks. Understanding its unique interaction with the kappa opioid receptor is crucial for public awareness.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a sage endemic to a small region of Mexico and has been traditionally used by the Mazatec Indians for divination and spiritual ...
Novel Drugs of Abuse: A Snapshot of an Evolving Marketplace.
Adolescent psychiatry (Hilversum, Netherlands) – April 01, 2013
Summary
Many "legal highs" are potent synthetic drugs, rapidly evolving globally. A review reveals the widespread use of novel substances like synthetic cannabinoids (e.g., spice), cathinones (e.g., bath salts), and natural Salvia divinorum (containing salvonirin a). These new synthetic drugs challenge detection, underscoring the need for clinicians to recognize characteristic signs for effective, symptom-specific treatment.
Abstract
Over the past decade, non-medical use of novel drugs has proliferated worldwide. In most cases these are synthetic drugs first synthesized in acade...
Direct analysis of Salvia divinorum leaves for salvinorin A by thin layer chromatography and desorption electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry.
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM – May 15, 2010
Summary
Imagine identifying specific compounds in a plant without extensive preparation. A novel approach successfully pinpointed salvinorin A and related compounds directly within Salvia divinorum leaves using advanced mass spectrometry. This powerful method not only directly analyzes intact plant material but also effectively couples with thin layer chromatography for detailed extract examination. It offers a simple, precise way to screen for specific substances and analyze natural products.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is widely cultivated in the US, Mexico, Central and South America and Europe and is consumed for its ability to produce hallucinog...
Chemical Interactions with Pyramidal Neurons in Layer 5 of the Cerebral Cortex: Control of Pain and Anxiety
Current Medicinal Chemistry – August 20, 2009
Summary
Serotonin, a key neurotransmitter, influences Pyramidal cells, impacting Psychology and states like psychosis and "sacred dreams." Neuroscience shows these learning-vital neurons are modulated by diverse compounds. From Chemical synthesis and alkaloids, including 9 specific chemicals like nicotine and psilocybin, to Neuropeptides, these interact with 4 main Receptor types, including Serotonergic and those explored in Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study. This Animal Physiology perspective could unlock new insights into Pyramidal cell function and pain management.
Abstract
Pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the cerebral cortex are involved in learning and memory and have complex connections with other neurons through a v...
DNA internal standard for the quantitative determination of hallucinogenic plants in plant mixtures.
Forensic science international. Genetics – December 01, 2007
Summary
A breakthrough method now allows for precise measurement of specific plants, even potent ones like *Salvia divinorum*, within complex herbal mixtures. Researchers developed a Real-Time PCR assay, using *Arabidopsis thaliana* DNA as an internal standard, to accurately quantify *S. divinorum* in various blends. By extracting total DNA and applying a novel calculation, the technique achieved near-perfect accuracy, proving its effectiveness for analyzing plant compositions.
Abstract
Here, we show a new, simple, and rapid SYBR Green-based Real-Time PCR assay for the quantification of hallucinogenic plants in plant mixtures. As a...
The roles of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors in the effects of 5-MeO-DMT on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition in rats.
Psychopharmacology – December 01, 2006
Summary
Challenging a long-held belief, research revealed the 5-HT1A serotonin receptor significantly influences how the hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT impacts movement and startle reflexes. In rats, 5-MeO-DMT reduced activity and altered startle responses. Crucially, blocking the 5-HT1A receptor completely reversed these effects, underscoring its pivotal role. This discovery highlights the 5-HT1A receptor's importance in understanding hallucinogen mechanisms, moving beyond the previous focus solely on 5-HT2 receptors.
Abstract
The hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is structurally similar to other indoleamine hallucinogens such as LSD. The present s...
Hallucinogens and redemption.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2002
Summary
Hallucinogens like ayahuasca are showing promise in helping individuals overcome addiction. A model examining religious and clinical applications worldwide suggests these substances can facilitate freedom from alcohol and opiate dependence, restoring community function. Drawing on data from the U.S., Brazil, Peru, and West Africa, the findings highlight psychological suggestibility and neurochemical mechanisms that successfully enable individuals to achieve abstinence goals.
Abstract
This article examines drug substitution with regard to hallucinogens (ayahuasca, ibogaine, peyote and LSD) set within the concept of redemption. Th...
Pattern of use and subjective effects of Salvia divinorum among recreational users.
Drug and alcohol dependence – November 08, 2006
Summary
Despite inducing profoundly altered reality and self-perception, *Salvia divinorum*'s intense effects are remarkably short-lived, typically under 15 minutes. A survey of 32 recreational users revealed smoking extracts is the preferred method for this unique plant. Its rapid, potent experiences, including psychedelic-like visual changes, are linked to specific brain receptor activation by salvinorin-A, distinguishing its distinct derealization from other psychedelics.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum is a member of the Lamiaceae family and contains the psychotropic diterpene and kappa-opioid receptor agonist salvinorin-A. Origin...
Screening the receptorome for plant-based psychoactive compounds.
Life sciences – December 22, 2005
Summary
Many powerful plant-based compounds influence our brains by targeting specific cellular receptors. A new high-throughput system was developed to systematically uncover how these natural compounds interact with the body's vast network of receptors. This innovative screening successfully identified the precise molecular targets for psychoactive compounds found in plants like Salvia divinorum and Banisteriopsis caapi, offering a powerful tool for discovering beneficial plant-derived substances.
Abstract
Throughout time, humans have used psychoactive plants and plant-derived products for spiritual, therapeutic and recreational purposes. Furthermore,...
Occurrence of bufotenin in the Osteocephalus genus (Anura: Hylidae).
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology – September 15, 2005
Summary
Certain tree frogs from the Amazon and Atlantic rainforests defend themselves with bufotenin, a potent hallucinogen. Using advanced techniques, researchers analyzed the skin secretions of three *Osteocephalus* species. They successfully identified bufotenin in these arboreal amphibians, marking its first discovery in this genus and revealing new insights into their chemical defenses.
Abstract
Bufotenin (5-hydroxy-N,N-dimetyltryptamine) is a tryptamine alkaloid widely spread among anuran families as a component of their chemical defense s...
Comparison of the behavioral effects of ibogaine from three sources: mediation of discriminative activity.
European journal of pharmacology – November 02, 1993
Summary
Ibogaine, an alkaloid known for its hallucinatory effects, was tested in a study involving rats trained to recognize its unique stimuli. The results showed that ibogaine from three different suppliers produced similar effects, with effective doses ranging from 2.5 to 3.4 mg/kg. Notably, other tested drugs did not evoke ibogaine-like responses, indicating its distinct action. This consistency among suppliers suggests that pre-clinical studies can reliably use any of these sources, enhancing the potential for ibogaine's application in treating chemical dependency.
Abstract
Ibogaine is an alkaloid employed for its hallucinatory properties in West Central Africa which has been the subject of alleged efficacy as an aid i...
Evidence for 5-HT2 involvement in the mechanism of action of hallucinogenic agents.
Life sciences – December 17, 1984
Summary
A striking correlation exists between the binding affinities of psychoactive agents for 5-HT2 receptors and their behavioral effects. In a sample of 22 substances, a strong relationship (r = 0.938) was observed between 5-HT2 binding affinities and ED50 values from stimulus generalization tests using DOM as the training drug. Additionally, among 15 agents with human data, another significant correlation (r = 0.924) linked 5-HT2 affinities to hallucinogenic potency, suggesting that these compounds primarily act through 5-HT2 receptor interactions.
Abstract
The affinities (Ki values) of twenty two psycho-active agents, including LSD, 5-OMe DMT and a series of phenalkylamine derivatives, for cortical 5-...
Cross-Sectional Associations Between Lifetime Use of Psychedelic Drugs and Psychometric Measures During the COVID-19 Confinement: A Transcultural Study
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 16, 2021
Summary
Regular psychedelic users reported significantly less psychological distress during the initial COVID-19 lockdowns. A survey of 2,974 individuals (70% female) showed that those regularly using psychedelics, including psilocybin, experienced reduced peritraumatic stress and more social support. This finding, crucial for mental health and clinical psychology, suggests either protective effects or distinct personality traits within this population. Such insights are vital for psychology, psychiatry, and medicine, advancing our understanding in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Background: One of the main public health strategies adopted at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic consisted of implementing strict lockdowns t...
Safer Tripping: Serotonergic Psychedelics and Drug Checking. Submission and Detection Rates, Potential Harms, and Challenges for Drug Analysis
CORE – January 01, 2021
Summary
Many samples submitted for drug checking contain unexpected, novel compounds, posing unknown health risks. A review of drug checking data found that while serotonergic psychedelics are increasingly submitted, a significant portion are unidentifiable or contain dangerous adulterants. These novel substances often have unpredictable effects. Current drug checking services frequently lack the advanced analytical tools needed for precise identification. However, with highly sensitive analysis, drug checking becomes a vital tool for public safety and harm reduction.
Abstract
Purpose of Review With the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances, drug checking (DC) services are challenged by an increasingly compl...
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Investigating the Efficacy of Various Psychedelic Drugs for the Treatment of Substance Use Disorder.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) – October 23, 2025
Summary
Emerging research reveals a powerful new approach to substance use disorder. A comprehensive analysis of human trials shows that psychedelic treatment, utilizing compounds like ibogaine and psilocybin, effectively reduces substance misuse. Ibogaine, in particular, demonstrated the most prominent positive results. These significant benefits were observed whether or not the psychedelic treatment was paired with psychotherapy, highlighting the direct impact of these compounds in addressing substance use disorder.
Abstract
Objectives: This study investigates psychedelic drugs to treat substance use disorder (SUD). Researchers have recently begun conducting clinical tr...
The Psychedelic Renaissance and Its Forensic Implications.
The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law – March 01, 2020
Summary
Recent studies reveal psychedelics may reduce interpersonal violence, marking a significant shift in understanding these substances. After decades, a renaissance in mental health research explores their potential. This re-evaluation necessitates updated knowledge for legal and public safety professionals. Evidence points to positive outcomes, requiring careful assessment of individuals' psychedelic use in various contexts.
Abstract
Recent years have seen a renaissance of research into the use of psychedelic compounds to address various psychiatric conditions. The study of thes...
Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – January 27, 2021
Summary
Despite widespread adolescent use of Hallucinogens like MDMA and Psilocybin, their specific effects on developing brains are largely unknown. Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology reveal dissociatives and MDMA can exert mixed reinforcing or aversive effects, potentially influencing Addiction and Substance Abuse differently than in adults. Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies lack crucial data, including direct age-group comparisons or long-term consequences, hindering our understanding of Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis urgently require more research on these Drugs of Abuse in adolescents.
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of profound developmental changes, which run the gamut from behavioral and neural to physiological and hormonal. It is also...
DPT as an Adjunct in Brief Psychotherapy with Cancer Patients
OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying – February 01, 1980
Summary
For cancer patients experiencing psychological distress, a novel therapeutic approach shows promise. A pilot project combined brief verbal therapy with a single session of DPT, a short-acting psychedelic drug. Thirty patients participated over four weeks, receiving about twelve hours of conventional interaction plus the drug-assisted session. Data analysis revealed this combined therapy significantly enhanced their quality of life, offering a positive outlook for future interventions.
Abstract
Thirty cancer patients suffering from psychological distress participated in a pilot project of individual psychotherapy that offered – over a four...
Psychedelic drug abuse potential assessment research for new drug applications and Controlled Substances Act scheduling
Neuropharmacology – August 17, 2022
Summary
New psychiatric medicines, including psilocybin, MDMA, and lysergic acid diethylamide, face hurdles as Schedule I controlled substances. Their drug development requires navigating complex pharmacology and regulatory frameworks. Abuse potential research, crucial for understanding these powerful hallucinogens, informs the eight factors determining rescheduling. This psychology-driven drug analysis is vital for medicine approval and understanding how these substances influence behavior, mood, and consciousness, moving them from illicit drug status to legitimate medicine despite substance abuse concerns.
Abstract
New medicines containing classic hallucinogenic and entactogenic psychedelic substance are under development for various psychiatric and neurologic...
Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity.
NeuroImage – October 15, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly alter perception, and new insights reveal how. Using advanced Functional MRI and Independent component analysis on Resting state brain activity, researchers precisely mapped how psilocybin affects the Thalamus – the brain's sensory relay center. Instead of treating it as one unit, this approach unveiled specific changes in functional connectivity and Thalamocortical connectivity within distinct thalamic sub-regions. Psilocybin significantly reorganized these areas, particularly decreasing connections to visual and default mode networks. These specific alterations, not seen with broader analyses, correlated with reported subjective experiences, offering a clearer understanding of how psilocybin influences brain organization.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, and other serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonists evoke acute alterations in perception and cogn...
Models of psychedelic drug action: modulation of cortical-subcortical circuits
Brain – October 22, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin hold promise for psychiatric disorders, prompting deep Neuroscience inquiry into their drug action. Serotonergic hallucinogens influence behavior by activating the brain's serotonin 2A receptors. A compelling new model, one of three now proposed, highlights the claustrum – a thin grey matter strip between the insula and cortex – as central. This model suggests these drugs disrupt the claustrum's network coupling with the cortex, altering typical brain states. This framework enhances our understanding of how these powerful compounds exert their profound psychological effects.
Abstract
Abstract Classic psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have recaptured the imagination of both science and popu...
Classic Psychedelic Coadministration with Lithium, but Not Lamotrigine, is Associated with Seizures: An Analysis of Online Psychedelic Experience Reports
Pharmacopsychiatry – August 04, 2021
Summary
Combining the hallucinogen psilocybin, an alkaloid, with the mood stabilizer Lithium carries significant risks, a striking finding for psychiatry and clinical psychology. Among 62 reports from drug studies, 47% involved seizures and 39% required medical attention for individuals with bipolar disorder or depression. In contrast, none of 34 Lamotrigine reports, another mood stabilizer, showed such adverse effects, highlighting critical neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior and mood management.
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Psychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from rece...
Trends in the Top-Cited Articles on Classic Psychedelics
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – February 03, 2021
Summary
A dramatic shift towards clinical application defines recent Psychedelics and Drug Studies. A cohort study of 76 top-cited articles reveals the "Recent Cohort" (post-2010.5) has a median annual citation rate of 76.0, vastly surpassing the "Older Cohort" (10.0). This newer cohort features 68.4% clinical studies, with Psilocybin dominating (65.8%) for potential medicine in Psychiatry and Internal medicine, addressing affective or substance use disorders. Older work (55.3% basic science) explored chemical synthesis and alkaloids and neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
This study was designed to identify trends in the top-cited classic psychedelic publications. The top 50 publications on classic psychedelics with ...
Neuroticism is associated with challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms.
Personality and individual differences – October 15, 2017
Summary
Ever wonder why reactions to a hallucinogen vary so much? New research highlights that individual differences play a key role. Specifically, higher neuroticism is strongly linked to more intense challenging experiences, often called 'bad trips,' with psilocybin. Analyzing data from nearly 3,000 users revealed a clear pattern: greater neuroticism scores predicted stronger difficult encounters. This understanding is crucial for navigating individual responses.
Abstract
Classic hallucinogens (e.g. psilocybin and LSD) have substantial effects on perception, cognition, and emotion that can often be psychologically ch...
Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity
OpenAlex – March 02, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters perception and cognition. Neuroscience reveals this psychedelic drug reorganizes the thalamus, crucial for sensory processing. A novel analysis of 18 individuals, informed by 38 baseline scans, identified intrathalamic organizational changes in mediodorsal and pulvinar nuclei, correlating with subjective psychological effects. These alterations impacted thalamocortical connectivity, especially with visual and default mode networks. This nuanced understanding of psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, relevant for drug studies and tryptophan-related brain research, suggests focal changes, not uniform effects.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR ) agonist psychedelics including psilocybin and LSD (“classic” psychedelics) evoke acute altera...
Classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium, but not lamotrigine, is associated with seizures: an analysis of online psychedelic experience reports
OpenAlex – February 24, 2021
Summary
For individuals managing bipolar disorder with Lithium, combining it with a hallucinogen like Psilocybin carries significant risks. Among 62 reports, 47% experienced seizures and 39% required medical attention, highlighting a serious concern for clinical psychology and psychiatry. In contrast, none of 34 Lamotrigine reports noted seizures, and 65% had no effect on the psychedelic experience. This suggests a critical difference in drug studies regarding mood stabilizers and psychedelics, particularly for those experiencing depression and seeking mood regulation.
Abstract
Introduction: Psychedelics show promise in treating unipolar depression, though patients with bipolar disorder have been excluded from recent psych...
Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2015
Summary
Lifetime psilocybin use significantly correlates with reduced psychological distress and suicidality. Among 191,832 U.S. adults, those reporting only psilocybin (a potent hallucinogen) use (2.47% of the sample) exhibited the greatest reductions in distress and suicidal thoughts, planning, and attempts. This finding, crucial for Psychology and Clinical Psychology, suggests psilocybin's potential in Psychiatry and Medicine. It offers psychotherapists a new avenue within Psychedelics and Drug Studies for managing psychological distress, hinting at its unique chemical synthesis and influence on behavior.
Abstract
Hendricks et al. (2015) found that having ever used any classic psychedelic substance—namely, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), ayahuasca, lysergic acid di...
Sustained, Multifaceted Improvements in Mental Well-Being Following Psychedelic Experiences in a Prospective Opportunity Sample
Frontiers in Psychiatry – June 29, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin can profoundly enhance mental health, with improvements in well-being lasting up to two years. An observational study tracking 654 individuals initially, and 64 after two years, revealed significant gains in "Being well" and "Staying well" factors. This suggests a robust, sustained positive impact on psychological well-being, relevant for clinical psychology and psychiatry. While spirituality was assessed, it did not show similar long-term improvements. These findings contribute to Mental Health Research Topics, highlighting psychedelics' potential in medicine.
Abstract
In the last 15 years, psychedelic substances, such as LSD and psilocybin, have regained legitimacy in clinical research. In the general population ...
Psychedelic resting-state neuroimaging: a review and perspective on balancing replication and novel analyses
OpenAlex – June 10, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin show promising efficacy for psychiatric conditions, driving interest in their neurocognitive effects. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a key neuroimaging tool, with 42 articles analyzing resting-state fMRI data from 17 unique datasets on drug effects. However, this field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies faces significant methodological heterogeneity. Nearly all studies vary in data processing, and over half the literature stems from just two datasets. To advance understanding of functional brain connectivity in neuroscience and psychology, greater consistency and replicability are crucial.
Abstract
Clinical research into serotonergic psychedelic drugs including psilocybin, LSD and N,N-DMT (e.g., in ‘ayahuasca’) is expanding rapidly and clinica...
Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review of modern‐era clinical studies
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica – October 30, 2020
Summary
Serotonergic hallucinogens like psilocybin show remarkable promise, offering 188 patients long-lasting relief from anxiety and major depressive disorder after just 1-3 sessions. This burgeoning field of clinical psychology and medicine, grounded in careful psychedelics and drug studies, reviewed 16 papers. It confirms these compounds, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, are safe, reporting no severe adverse effects. Psychiatry is exploring these naturally derived or chemically synthesized agents as powerful new tools for psychotherapists, addressing significant unmet needs in mental health.
Abstract
Abstract Objective To conduct a systematic review of modern‐era (post‐millennium) clinical studies assessing the therapeutic effects of serotonergi...
Serotonin, psychedelics and psychiatry
World Psychiatry – September 07, 2018
Summary
In Psychiatry, just one or two psychedelic treatment sessions can yield therapeutic effects lasting several months for mood disorders and addiction—an unprecedented outcome. Neuropsychopharmacology reveals Serotonin's complex role, with 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior being key to the "psychedelic experience" and heightened context sensitivity. This shift in Medicine and Drug Studies, moving beyond traditional psychoanalysis and simple Serotonin deficiency models, highlights new Psychology avenues exploring how these compounds, often alkaloids, profoundly impact mental health.
Abstract
Serotonin is a key neuromodulator known to be involved in brain development, perception, cognition, and mood. However, unlike as with dopamine for ...
Microdosing psychedelics: More questions than answers? An overview and suggestions for future research
Journal of Psychopharmacology – July 14, 2019
Summary
Despite widespread claims that microdosing psychedelics, like the alkaloid psilocybin, enhances mood and cognition, scientific understanding remains critically underdeveloped. A review in Psychology and Drug Studies stresses the urgent need for rigorous Pharmacology research, employing biochemical analysis and sensing techniques to quantify both positive and potential negative effects. Future Medicine must move beyond anecdotes, investigating the full impact of these low-dose hallucinogens on biological and cognitive parameters, including risks.
Abstract
Background: In the past few years, the issue of ‘microdosing’ psychedelics has been openly discussed in the public arena where claims have been mad...
Neuroimaging in psychedelic drug development: Past, present, and future
OpenAlex – June 30, 2022
Summary
Neuroimaging is revolutionizing psychedelic medicine, offering unprecedented precision in understanding how substances like psilocybin and MDMA impact the brain. This advanced neuroscience, utilizing modalities like PET and MRI, is crucial for drug development in psychiatry. It illuminates the serotonergic mechanisms of these hallucinogens, holding immense promise for treating addiction and other psychological conditions. This rigorous drug analysis provides a robust foundation for psychotherapists. Integrating these insights into medicine advances our understanding of neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, propelling psychedelics and drug studies forward.
Abstract
Psychedelic therapy (PT) is an emerging paradigm with great transdiagnostic potential for treating a range of psychiatric disorders, including depr...
Psychedelics: reconnecting the brain to heal the mind
The Biochemist – March 25, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, a single psychedelic experience can yield profound, long-lasting improvements across various mental illnesses. After a 1970s ban, modern Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal how hallucinogens like Psilocybin influence neurotransmitter receptors, particularly serotonin 5-HT2A, altering brain circuitry. This mechanism shows promise in Psychiatry and Psychology for treating Depression and Addiction. With consistent positive outcomes, including in Australia for treatment-resistant depression, these substances, whether natural alkaloids or via chemical synthesis, are poised for wider acceptance in Medicine, addressing significant societal burdens.
Abstract
Natural psychedelics such as magic mushrooms have a long history of human use of at least 7000 years. Their use underwent a resurgence in the 1950/...
“The mushroom was more alive and vibrant”: Patient reports of synthetic versus organic forms of psilocybin
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – October 29, 2024
Summary
For mental health, whole Psilocybe mushrooms and their extracts offer a more natural and superior experience than synthetic psilocybin. Participants in a Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy program for end-of-life distress reported that while synthetic psilocybin, whole *Psilocybe cubensis*, and mycological extract all provided emotional insight and mystical experiences, synthetic psilocybin felt less natural and had an inferior overall quality. This suggests future Psychedelics and Drug Studies in psychology and psychiatry should prioritize natural mushroom compounds in medicine, moving beyond synthetic drug forms.
Abstract
Abstract Interest in psychedelic research in the West is surging, however, clinical trials have almost exclusively studied synthetic compounds such...
Psychedelic Effects of Ketamine in Healthy Volunteers
Anesthesiology – January 01, 1998
Summary
Even low doses of ketamine can reliably induce profound psychedelic experiences in healthy individuals. Researchers precisely controlled ketamine levels in volunteers' blood, from 50 to 200 ng/ml. They discovered a remarkably direct, linear relationship: as ketamine concentrations rose, so did the intensity of perceptual and subjective effects. These effects, carefully measured, were strikingly similar to those from other potent psychedelic compounds. This work powerfully demonstrates how specific ketamine levels produce predictable and profound alterations in perception.
Abstract
Background Ketamine has been associated with a unique spectrum of subjective "psychedelic" effects in patients emerging from anesthesia. This study...
Sociodemographic and mental-health characteristics of psychedelic-assisted therapy participants: Latent class analysis of a cross-sectional, purposive online sample
OpenAlex – February 28, 2025
Summary
Individuals with high lifetime involvement in psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) report elevated depression and anxiety, a compelling finding from a cross-sectional study. Analyzing a nonprobability sample of 244 PAT patients, a latent class model identified three groups: High-PAT (55.7%), Medium-PAT (29.1%), and a unique Psilocybin-Ketamine class (15.2%). This psychology-focused research suggests a link between extensive PAT engagement and mental health challenges, informing clinical psychology, medicine, and psychiatry regarding these psychedelics.
Abstract
Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) is an emerging treatment approach that often combines pharmacotherapeutic dosing sessions with more traditional ...
Beyond the 5-HT2AReceptor: Classic and Nonclassic Targets in Psychedelic Drug Action
Journal of Neuroscience – November 08, 2023
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics like psilocybin profoundly promote neuroplasticity, rewiring neural networks that may treat conditions like depression and anxiety. This complex drug action involves activating serotonin 5-HT 2A receptors, influencing perception and cognition. Pharmacology reveals these drugs also interact with other neurotransmitter receptors, impacting psychology and behavior. Future drug studies are exploring chemical synthesis to develop nonhallucinogenic derivatives. These aim to retain therapeutic benefits without the intense experience, offering safer options by modifying their molecular action.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics, such as psilocybin and LSD, have garnered significant attention in recent years for their potential therapeutic effects ...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: Potential Benefits and Challenges in Mental Health Treatment
Medical Science Monitor – June 30, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics offer compelling potential for mental health, addressing severe conditions like depression and PTSD. These substances, including those from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, are explored in Psychiatry and Psychology. A psychotherapist might integrate them into Medicine, yet current Drug Studies, often found in MEDLINE, confirm psychedelic-assisted therapy remains experimental due to a scarcity of large-scale trials. While unique mechanisms, such as those related to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, are under study, robust evidence is crucial for patients needing intensive care medicine-level attention for complex mental health challenges.
Abstract
Psychedelics, derived from the Greek words "psyche" (soul) and "deloun" (revealing), are substances historically and currently considered "soul-rev...