795 results for "DMT"
Ayahuasca and Dimethyltryptamine Adverse Events and Toxicity Analysis: A Systematic Thematic Review.
International journal of toxicology – January 01, 2024
Summary
A recent review highlights that traditional ayahuasca and its main psychedelic compound, dimethyltryptamine (DMT), generally show a good safety profile. While some adverse events, particularly in high-dose animal toxicology studies or with isolated harmala alkaloids, were noted, serious issues are rare in healthy individuals using these hallucinogens in controlled settings. This suggests an acceptable safety for traditional use, emphasizing positive toxicology findings.
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic thematic review of adverse events, safety, and toxicity of traditional ayahuasca plant prepa...
The immunomodulatory effects of classical psychedelics: A systematic review of preclinical studies
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry – September 07, 2024
Summary
Classical hallucinogens like Psilocybin and Mescaline significantly reduce inflammation in preclinical animal studies. A systematic review of 40 articles, drawn from databases including CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science, explored the pharmacology of these tryptophan-derived psychedelics. Among 36 studies measuring inflammatory markers, 29 showed decreased inflammation. However, immune cell activity was mixed across 10 studies. These drug studies suggest psychedelics alleviate existing inflammation but can promote it in healthy states, informing future medicine.
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that classical psychedelics possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties; however, these effects are yet to...
Structural pharmacology and therapeutic potential of 5-methoxytryptamines.
Nature – June 01, 2024
Summary
A naturally occurring compound found in toad toxin reveals promising therapeutic potential without hallucinogenic effects. Scientists mapped how 5-methoxytryptamines interact with brain receptors, creating modified versions that reduced anxiety and depression in mice without causing psychedelic experiences. This breakthrough could lead to new psychiatric medications that harness the benefits of psychedelic compounds while avoiding their mind-altering effects.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin show potential for the treatment of various neuropsychiatric disorde...
Ayahuasca-enhanced extinction of fear behaviour: Role of infralimbic cortex 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors.
British journal of pharmacology – June 01, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics like ayahuasca show promise in treating PTSD by helping the brain "unlearn" fearful memories. New research reveals how this ancient brew works in the medial prefrontal cortex, where it activates specific 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors to enhance neuroplasticity. In controlled experiments, a single dose helped rats extinguish fear responses, with repeated doses showing even stronger benefits across both sexes.
Abstract
Ayahuasca (AYA) is a botanical psychedelic with promising results in observational and small clinical trials for depression, trauma and drug use di...
Drug–drug interactions involving classic psychedelics: A systematic review
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 20, 2023
Summary
Remarkably, a review of 52 studies on classic hallucinogen interactions found few serious adverse drug events. This Pharmacology and Psychiatry review, spanning PsycINFO and MEDLINE, screened 7102 records for Psychedelics and Drug Studies. It examined how psychotropic drugs like Lysergic acid diethylamide, Psilocybin, and Mescaline, often from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, interact with recreational drugs, mood-affecting medications, and even dissociatives. Findings revealed varied effects, highlighting complex Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, vital for Medicine and Psychology.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, mescaline, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltry...
Comparing the Detection of Endogenous Psychedelics in Individuals With and Without Alleged Mediumistic Experiences.
Explore (New York, N.Y.) – November 01, 2018
Summary
Could endogenous psychedelics influence mediumship? A recent investigation into individuals reporting mediumistic experiences compared their urine for bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine. While mediums reported significantly more anomalous experiences, analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed no significant difference in these endogenous compounds compared to non-mediums. This suggests these specific substances may not be the direct biological drivers of mediumistic abilities.
Abstract
Mediumship is the alleged ability to communicate with deceased personalities. Previous studies have suggested that the endogenous psychotomimetic m...
A critical review of reports of endogenous psychedelic N, N-dimethyltryptamines in humans: 1955-2010.
Drug testing and analysis – January 01, 2012
Summary
Intriguing evidence suggests our bodies may naturally produce compounds similar to potent psychedelics. A comprehensive review critically assessed decades of research into these naturally occurring substances in human fluids. It analyzed 69 reports, evaluating detection methods and results from blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The analysis clarifies past discoveries, highlighting robust findings and advancing our understanding of these fascinating internal chemicals.
Abstract
Three indole alkaloids that possess differing degrees of psychotropic/psychedelic activity have been reported as endogenous substances in humans; N...
N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – February 17, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, shows promise in Medicine for psychological conditions like depression and anxiety. Neuroscience reveals its compounds influence neurotransmitter receptors—serotonergic, glutaminergic, and dopaminergic systems—profoundly impacting behavior. Biochemical analysis indicates effects like increased delta and theta brain oscillations in key brain regions. Psychotherapists are considering its potential, but comprehensive Psychedelics and Drug Studies are essential to fully understand its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and integrate this plant medicine into healthcare.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumat...
A RARE CASE: AYAHUASCA TEA INTOXICATION
Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports – July 01, 2019
Summary
Ayahuasca tea, known for its hallucinogenic properties, can lead to severe symptoms. In a case involving a 59-year-old man, ingestion resulted in hallucinations, agitation, nausea, vomiting, and mydriasis within 1.5 hours. Blood tests and EKG were normal, but he experienced hypertension. After 24 hours of observation and symptomatic treatment in the emergency department, he was discharged. This incident highlights the potential dangers of Ayahuasca, as uncontrolled use can be toxic and even fatal, warranting awareness among medical professionals.
Abstract
Objective: Ayahuasca tea contains N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) found in the leaves of the Psychotria viridis vine and -carbolines found in Baniste...
Natural language analysis of the structure of altered states of consciousness
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – May 17, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like salvia and ketamine show remarkable similarities in content to non-drug methods of inducing altered states of consciousness (ASC), based on an analysis of 300 narrative reports. Most psychedelics, excluding LSD, were associated with positive and authentic experiences, with authenticity linked to a positive sentiment (R = 0.68). The study identified themes that trace the journey from ordinary awareness to profound metaphysical experiences, suggesting a structured understanding of ASC across various induction techniques, which could enhance future explorations in psychology and linguistics.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Altered states of consciousness (ASC) represent acute and marked deviations from normal waking consciousness. Investig...
Functional and structural characterization of the human indolethylamine N-methyltransferase through fluorometric, thermal and computational docking analyses.
Biology direct – April 10, 2025
Summary
Scientists have discovered key insights into an enzyme that helps produce DMT, a naturally-occurring psychedelic compound. Using innovative fluorometric techniques, researchers analyzed how the enzyme works with S-adenosylmethionine to transform simple molecules like quinoline. The findings reveal optimal conditions for enzyme function and identify crucial binding sites, advancing our understanding of this biochemical process and its potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
The "psychedelic renaissance" is sparking growing interest in clinical research, along with a rise in clinical trials. Substances such as 3,4-methy...
Relaxed Beliefs After Psychedelics: From Sensory Processing to Mystical States
CORE – December 01, 2024
Summary
Remarkably, psychedelics appear to reconfigure brain networks, leading to lasting shifts in perception. Research explored how these substances alter sensory processing, hypothesizing they weaken top-down control, boosting bottom-up input. Using human EEG and mouse studies, findings revealed 5-HT2A psychedelics indeed shift this balance, impacting how we perceive and leading to profound belief changes. These positive results contribute to their therapeutic effects. Distinct brain network changes were observed with 5-MeO-DMT. This framework also illuminates mystical experiences, emphasizing the post-acute environment's role in consolidating these beneficial shifts.
Abstract
This dissertation explores the lasting impact of psychedelic use on brain networks, ranging from basic sensory processing to abstract mystical expe...
Distribution of the hallucinogens N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine in rat brain following intraperitoneal injection: application of a new solid-phase extraction LC-APcI-MS-MS-isotope dilution method.
Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications – February 10, 2001
Summary
Understanding how hallucinogens like DMT distribute within the brain is now clearer. A new, highly accurate method was developed to precisely detect and measure the levels of these compounds in different rat brain areas after injection. This advanced technique successfully demonstrated its capability, providing an effective tool for mapping the distribution of these potent substances. This positive development offers unprecedented clarity in neurochemistry.
Abstract
A method for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatographic-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric-mass spectrome...
Tags
Potentially hallucinogenic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor ligands bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine in blood and tissues.
Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation – January 01, 2005
Summary
Did you know naturally occurring hallucinogenic compounds like bufotenine and DMT are found in the human body? Using advanced mass spectrometry, researchers aimed to quantify these substances in various tissues and blood, where they were previously undetected. A significant discovery was large amounts of bufotenine in stools, suggesting a potential role in intestinal function. While only small amounts of these compounds were found in other tissues and none in blood, this finding reveals a fascinating, previously unknown aspect of our internal chemistry.
Abstract
Bufotenine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are hallucinogenic dimethylated indolethylamines (DMIAs) formed from serotonin and tryptamine by the en...
Ayahoasca: an experimental psychosis that mirrors the transmethylation hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – April 01, 1999
Summary
Certain hallucinogenic compounds found in healthy individuals after consuming Ayahuasca are identical to those seen in acute psychotic patients. This suggests that a specific imbalance in brain chemistry, involving reduced enzyme activity, can lead to an accumulation of powerful hallucinogenic substances. Researchers examined the effects of Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian beverage with natural enzyme inhibitors and DMT, on volunteers. Urine analysis confirmed that compounds detected after intake were precisely the same as those in acute psychosis. This provides strong evidence that Ayahuasca's unique chemistry effectively models a biochemical pathway implicated in certain psychotic states.
Abstract
The experimental psychosis observed after drinking Ayahoasca, a South American hallucinogenic beverage from the Amazon Indians, reproduces the path...
Hallucinogenic agents as discriminative stimuli: a correlation with serotonin receptor affinities.
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1980
Summary
Rats trained to distinguish between a hallucinogenic agent and saline displayed a strong dose-related response to 14 similar compounds. Out of 24 rats, the effective dose for responding to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) closely correlated with serotonin receptor affinity, achieving an impressive correlation coefficient of -0.86. This finding suggests that the effects of 5-OMe DMT and its analogs are tightly linked to their interaction with specific receptors, shedding light on the mechanisms behind these substances' psychoactive properties.
Abstract
A choice between two levers in an operant chamber was used to train 24 rats, under a variable-interval 15 s schedule of sweetened milk reinforcemen...
The pharmacological interaction of compounds in ayahuasca: a systematic review
Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry – July 03, 2020
Summary
Despite its long history as a traditional medicine, the complex pharmacology of Ayahuasca remains largely a mystery. A review of 16 papers in Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveals limited understanding of how its compounds, like DMT (a tryptamine derivative related to brain chemistry), interact. While the primary theory involves MAOIs preventing DMT breakdown, it's unclear if interactions are synergistic. Our current knowledge of these mechanisms is limited, highlighting the need for deeper understanding to mitigate potential risks associated with this psychoactive brew. This area of Psychology and natural product research is crucial for safe use.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a South American psychoactive plant brew used as traditional medicine in spiritual and in cultural rituals. This is a review of the cu...
Abuse Liability Profile of Three Substituted Tryptamines
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – April 08, 2011
Summary
DIPT and 5-MeO-DET may pose significant abuse risks similar to known hallucinogens. In a study with rats, DIPT fully substituted for DMT and DOM at doses of 1.71 mg/kg and 1.94 mg/kg, respectively, while 5-MeO-DET showed full substitution for DMT at 0.41 mg/kg. Notably, DIPT achieved only 68% LSD-appropriate responding. All three compounds interacted with serotonin receptors and inhibited serotonin reuptake, indicating potential hazards at higher doses due to their behavioral effects and lethality risks.
Abstract
The abuse liability profile of three synthetic hallucinogens, N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT), 5-N,N-diethyl-5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeO-DET), and ...
Investigation of Ayahuasca β-Carboline Alkaloids and Tryptamine in Sweat Samples from Religious Community Participants by GC-MS
Journal of Analytical Toxicology – January 21, 2020
Summary
Sweat analysis offers a promising method for monitoring ayahuasca use, detecting key compounds like DMT and harmine. In a study involving participants during a religious ritual, solid-phase extraction achieved over 70% extraction efficiency, with impressive accuracy between 87.5% and 102.4%. The method demonstrated high selectivity, with limits of detection at 15 ng/patch for harmine and harmaline, and 10 ng/patch for DMT. This non-invasive approach provides a convenient alternative to traditional biological samples in forensic toxicology and drug analysis.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca, a hallucinogenic beverage used in religious rituals in South America, has become a global phenomenon. Its main active component...
Short term changes in the proteome of human cerebral organoids induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine
OpenAlex – February 13, 2017
Summary
A striking 934 out of 6,728 identified proteins in human cerebral organoids showed differential expression after treatment with the hallucinogen 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). This compound, found in traditional medicines like Ayahuasca, appears to enhance cognitive function and may alleviate depression. The findings suggest that 5-MeO-DMT influences brain metabolism by modulating proteins linked to long-term potentiation and dendritic spine formation, offering insights into its potential therapeutic effects on brain disorders through mechanisms involving inflammation and cellular dynamics.
Abstract
Abstract Dimethyltryptamines are hallucinogenic serotonin-like molecules present in traditional Amerindian medicine (e.g. Ayahuasca) recently assoc...
5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine: An ego-dissolving endogenous neurochemical catalyst of creativity
OpenAlex – March 16, 2019
Summary
5-MeO-DMT, a naturally occurring psychoactive substance, has unique ego-dissolving effects that can lead to profound states of consciousness similar to transformative experiences in ancient spiritual traditions. This compound, found endogenously in the human brain, interacts with serotonin receptors and may enhance cognitive processes by altering neuronal connectivity. Evidence from various cultures suggests its historical use for medicinal and spiritual purposes. Exploring 5-MeO-DMT could unlock new insights into cognition and creativity, highlighting the need for systematic scientific investigation into such neurochemical agents.
Abstract
Abstract 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (acronymized as 5-MeO-DMT) is sui generis among the numerous naturally-occurring psychoactive substances ...
Trace Indoleamines in the Central Nervous System
Humana Press eBooks – January 01, 1985
Summary
Tryptamine, a trace amine in the brain, has garnered attention for its potential neuroregulatory roles. In a review of 100 studies, it was noted that while substances like melatonin and serotonin are often seen as peripheral hormones, emerging evidence suggests they also influence brain function directly. Interestingly, hallucinogenic tryptamines such as DMT and 5-methoxy DMT are rarely discussed despite their significant effects on sensory perception and sleep-wake cycles. This highlights a gap in understanding the broader implications of these biogenic amines in neuroscience.
Abstract
Tryptamine has been widely accepted as a trace amine in brain, and several reviews of its metabolism, regional localization in brain, and possible ...
A streamlined synthesis of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, bufotenin, and bufotenin prodrugs from melatonin
OpenAlex – November 26, 2025
Summary
A streamlined synthesis method for 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) achieved a remarkable 76% yield from melatonin, with 64 grams produced in under five days. Additionally, bufotenin was synthesized with a 51% yield from 5-MeO-DMT, using 22 grams of product over two days. This efficient approach eliminates the need for expensive materials and extensive chromatography, addressing significant barriers to psychedelic research. The development of potential prodrugs for bufotenin may enhance its effectiveness for therapeutic applications, particularly in crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Abstract
The recent resurgence in psychedelic research has increased demand for these molecules for clinical studies. Due to the differences between nationa...
Dimetiltriptamina: alcalóide alucinógeno e seus efeitos no Sistema Nervoso Central
Acta Brasiliensis – January 20, 2018
Summary
Ayahuasca and jurema preta, both hallucinogenic beverages, contain dimethyltryptamine (DMT), which interacts with serotonin receptors in the central nervous system, causing profound psychological effects. These include altered dimensions, acoustic and optical illusions, mood changes, and distorted perceptions of time and space. With increasing access to these substances in Brazil, largely due to their religious and cultural significance, understanding the associated risks is crucial. The study highlights potential complications arising from DMT's physiological interference, emphasizing the need for awareness around its use.
Abstract
Plantas alucinógenas são bastante utilizadas em rituais e cultos religiosos. O chá de Ayahuasca e o vinho da Jurema preta, bebidas alucinógenas, ap...
Effects of serotonergic psychedelics on synaptogenesis and immediate early genes expression - comparison with ketamine, fluoxetine and lithium.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – May 28, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocin can rewire brain connections similarly to established psychiatric medications. New research shows psilocin promotes neuroplasticity and new neural connections as effectively as ketamine and lithium - outperforming traditional antidepressants. While DMT and LSD showed minimal effects, psilocin triggered specific brain proteins linked to learning and memory formation.
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that psychedelics can induce rapid and long-lasting antidepressant effects. The generally acknowledged explanation for the...
Serotonergic Psychedelics Rapidly Modulate Evoked Glutamate Release in Cultured Cortical Neurons
Journal of Neurochemistry – February 28, 2025
Summary
Serotonergic psychedelics like LSD rapidly alter how primary rat cortical neurons communicate. This Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research found these compounds reduced the fraction of chemical messengers released within 3-30 minutes. This transient effect, gone after 24 hours, varied. DMT only reduced the total supply, while LSD and psilocin also impacted readily available packets. Psilocin increased glutamate release, hinting at complex interactions with glutamate receptor systems. Such Chemistry and Drug Studies on Serotonin's influence via these alkaloids illuminate their therapeutic potential.
Abstract
ABSTRACT The serotonergic psychedelics psilocybin, LSD and DMT hold great promise for the development of new treatments for psychiatric conditions ...
Plant-derived compounds and neurodegenerative diseases: Different mechanisms of action with therapeutic potential.
Neuroscience – February 06, 2025
Summary
Nature's compounds offer promising solutions for brain health. Three plant-derived substances - Quercetin (found in fruits), Cannabidiol (from cannabis), and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (from various plants) - show remarkable potential in fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Each works uniquely: Quercetin as an antioxidant, Cannabidiol reduces inflammation, and DMT promotes brain plasticity. Together, they represent a powerful arsenal against neurological decline.
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of discrete groups of neurons causing severe disabili...
Connected through movement: a feasibility study of online mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy for older adults with age-related cognitive decline during COVID-19.
Aging & mental health – December 01, 2024
Summary
Online dance therapy shows promising results in fighting loneliness among seniors with mild cognitive decline. A 12-week mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy program helped older adults stay active and connected during isolation. Participants joined virtual group sessions, combining gentle movement with mindfulness practices. Results showed decreased loneliness, improved mood, and better psychological well-being. 65% of participants reported positive changes, with many noting stronger social connections and enhanced body awareness.
Abstract
Social isolation and loneliness pose significant public health risks, especially among older adults experiencing age-related cognitive decline (ACD...
Suppressive effect of mitragynine on the 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine-induced head-twitch response in mice.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – January 01, 1997
Summary
Mitragynine significantly reduces head-twitch responses induced by 5-MeO-DMT in mice, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect with injections ranging from 5 to 30 mg/kg. The suppression was not influenced by various pretreatments, including reserpine and p-chlorophenylalanine, suggesting a robust action of mitragynine. However, the presence of alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists like yohimbine (0.5 mg/kg) diminished this effect. These findings suggest that both blocking 5-HT2A receptors and stimulating alpha 2-adrenoceptors contribute to mitragynine's impact on this specific response.
Abstract
We investigated the effects of mitragynine, a major alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa Korth (Rubiaceae), on the 5-HT2A recept...
Serotonin agonists reduce dopamine synthesis in the striatum only when the impulse flow of nigro-striatal neurons is intact.
Journal of neurochemistry – September 01, 1985
Summary
5-MeO-DMT and CPP did not significantly lower the increase of DOPA in the striatum of rats treated with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), unlike apomorphine, which effectively reduced DOPA levels at 2 mg/kg. In contrast, both substances decreased DOPA accumulation when combined with a decarboxylase inhibitor. Additionally, serotonin injections boosted DOPA levels similarly to GBL. These findings suggest that serotonin agonists influence dopamine synthesis in the striatum primarily when dopamine neuron activity is intact, hinting at complex regulatory mechanisms involving other neurotransmitters.
Abstract
The effects of 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (CPP), two 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) agonists...
Psychedelic trip sitting, dosages and intensities: Supplementing clinical studies with anecdotal reports
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – July 17, 2024
Summary
Users of 5-MeO-DMT, a potent hallucinogen, strongly perceived a need for care. Analyzing 660 online posts, a Delphi method expert panel created dose intensity charts for various psychedelics, including psilocybin. While oral administration was common for lower doses, greater drug purity from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, and higher doses, correlated with a perceived need for support. This work, vital for Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, informs medicine, guiding future biochemical analysis of substances like mescaline.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Online communities provide insights into psychedelic consumption, assisting in identification of trends, informing bot...
Toad in the road: Biocultural history and conservation challenges of the Sonoran Desert Toad
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – November 30, 2023
Summary
The Sonoran Desert Toad, the only known vertebrate producing the psychedelic 5-MeO-DMT, faces significant conservation challenges due to its exploitation. Since its psychedelic properties were first documented in the 1960s, the toad has been increasingly targeted for profit-driven spiritual practices. This has led to a 50% decline in its population in certain areas. Few conservation efforts exist, primarily supported by crowdfunding, highlighting the urgent need for reconciliation between Indigenous knowledge and Western science to protect both the toad and its biocultural heritage.
Abstract
Abstract The Sonoran Desert Toad ( Incilius alvarius ) is the only vertebrate known to produce the powerful psychedelic, 5-MeO-DMT, which is easily...
Assessment of environmental condition and drying process of the plants on the concentration of alkaloids and cytotoxicity of traditional Ayahuasca Tea
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews – May 21, 2021
Summary
Ayahuasca's alkaloid concentrations, including DMT and Harmine, are significantly influenced by environmental factors and drying methods. In a study involving samples prepared from fresh plants, optimal drying at 43°C for P. viridis leaves and 45°C for B. caapi stems maximized these compounds' levels. Notably, no cytotoxic effects were observed in human keratinocyte cells from either fresh or dried Ayahuasca tea. This highlights the potential of traditional medicine while ensuring safety in its psychoactive properties, with findings relevant to natural compound pharmacology studies.
Abstract
Introduction: Ayahuasca is a traditional psychoactive tea of Amazonian indigenous, used medicinal and spiritual purposes. Wide variation in the con...
Ayahuasca: Pharmacological Composition and Potential Benefits
Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology – October 01, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, shows promise for emotional healing, with studies indicating that over 80% of users report significant improvements in mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. Its psychoactive effects stem from N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and beta-carbolines, which together enhance neural plasticity and facilitate deep introspection. With sample sizes often exceeding 200 participants, findings suggest that Ayahuasca can promote positive emotional shifts and help individuals process unresolved trauma, marking a potential breakthrough in therapeutic approaches to mental health.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a traditional hallucinogenic concoction utilised by indigenous populations in the Amazon Basin for ages in spiritual and therapeutic r...
Ayahuasca prevents the reinstatement of cocaine-induced rewarding effects in C57Bl/6 mice
OpenAlex – July 25, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a therapeutic option for cocaine use disorder. In a study involving C57Bl/6 mice, a higher dose of ayahuasca (15 mg DMT/kg) induced rewarding effects, though less intense than those of cocaine (10 mg/kg). Notably, ayahuasca treatment significantly reduced the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference, suggesting its potential to diminish drug-related cravings. This research highlights the influence of ayahuasca on neurotransmitter receptors and its possible applications in treating addiction, positioning it as a valuable alternative in the field of psychology and pharmacology.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychedelic brew used for centuries in religious rituals by indigenous cultures. Recent studies suggest its potential to re...
Optimized Parenteral and Intranasal Formulations of Tryptamine Psychedelics for Rapid-Acting Antidepressant Therapy.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – June 12, 2025
Summary
New formulations are revolutionizing how certain psychedelic compounds could treat depression. Injectable and nasal spray versions of DMT and 5-MeO-DMT address prior absorption and metabolism issues. These innovations enable rapid-onset, short-duration therapeutic effects. This breakthrough supports controlled interventions for psychiatric conditions like treatment-resistant depression, optimizing patient tolerability, scalability, and clinical utility.
Abstract
Innovative formulations of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) enable parenteral and intranasal delivery,...
Harnessing Pharmacogenomics in Clinical Research on Psychedelic‐Assisted Therapy
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics – September 30, 2024
Summary
Genetic variations significantly influence how individuals respond to **psychedelics**, a critical insight for future **medicine**. **Pharmacogenomics** explores how our genes affect the **pharmacology**, specifically **pharmacokinetics** and **pharmacodynamics**, of **hallucinogens** like **Psilocybin** and **MDMA**. For instance, genetic variants in enzymes such as **CYP2D6** impact acute effects, suggesting personalized **dosing** may be appropriate. This field, crucial for **drug studies**, aims to improve the safety and therapeutic profile of these compounds, potentially leveraging **biochemical analysis** and understanding **chemical synthesis** for better patient outcomes.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently re‐emerged as potential treatments for various psychiatric conditions that impose major public health costs and for whic...
Comparative study of sample preparation procedures to determine the main compounds in ayahuasca beverages by QuEChERS and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.
Phytochemical analysis : PCA – August 01, 2024
Summary
Scientists have developed a breakthrough method to analyze ayahuasca, the ancient Amazonian ceremonial brew. By comparing three extraction techniques - DLLME, MEPS, and QuEChERS - researchers identified the most effective way to measure key compounds in the drink. The QuEChERS method proved most successful, accurately detecting both the psychoactive components and other important compounds with high precision.
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a psychoactive drink originally consumed by indigenous people of the Amazon. The lack of regulation of this drink leads to uncontrolle...
Development and feasibility of a mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy intervention for chronic low back pain.
Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) – January 01, 2024
Summary
A novel mindfulness-based dance/movement therapy program shows promise in helping people manage chronic back pain without medication. This mixed methods feasibility study combined mindful movement, creative dance, and pain education in a 12-week group program. Participants reported reduced pain-related fear, increased physical activity, and better pain management skills. With perfect retention rates and high satisfaction scores, this non-pharmacological intervention offers a fresh approach to chronic pain relief.
Abstract
Responding to the need for innovative, multi-modal, non-pharmacological strategies in chronic low back pain (cLBP) care, this article presents the ...
Psilocybin and Eugenol Reduce Inflammation in Human 3D EpiIntestinal Tissue
Life – December 15, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin demonstrates remarkable anti-inflammatory potential in medicine. This pharmacology insight, from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, shows psilocybin significantly reduced six different inflammation markers, including Tumor necrosis factor alpha, in human 3D EpiIntestinal tissue. Acting via its receptor chemistry, psilocybin effectively lowered IL-6 and IL-8 levels. While Ketanserin also reduced two markers, Curcumin, a focus in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, had limited effects. This work highlights the promise of tryptophan-derived psychedelics for conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, relevant to Tryptophan and brain disorders.
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), by contributing to tissue damage and exac...
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Serotonin Receptor and Transient Receptor Potential Channel Ligands in Human Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Current Issues in Molecular Biology – August 15, 2023
Summary
A compelling discovery shows psilocybin, a psychedelic, combined with eugenol, dramatically curbed intestinal inflammation in human small intestinal epithelial cells. Biochemical analysis revealed psilocybin (20 μM), engaging the 5-HT receptor, and eugenol (25 μM), targeting a transient receptor potential channel, synergistically decreased COX-2 protein by 19-fold and IL-6 by 10-fold. This chemistry-driven insight, vital for drug studies and cell biology, highlights a non-cytotoxic strategy for inflammatory bowel diseases, advancing our understanding of serotonin's role in biology and endocrinology.
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis can lead to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and systemic inflammation, affecting multiple organs. Developin...
Bibliometric Analysis of Academic Journal Articles Reporting Results of Psychedelic Clinical Studies
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – October 11, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics are experiencing a profound resurgence in Psychiatry. A bibliometric analysis of 394 clinical studies from 1965-2021 reveals a dramatic increase in publications after a decades-long lull. MDMA dominated these drug studies (49%), followed by Lysergic acid diethylamide (19%), Psilocybin (18%), and Ayahuasca (7%). A "Recent cohort" (2010-2021) shows a higher proportion of therapeutic applications in Medicine and Psychology, with psilocybin studies increasing. Mescaline research saw a proportional decrease. This highlights the evolving focus on these powerful hallucinogens.
Abstract
Following a decades long period of investigational dormancy, there is renewed interest in employing psychedelics as psychiatric treatments. The aca...
Clinical pharmacology.
International review of neurobiology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Did you know understanding the body's interaction with substances like psilocybin and MDMA is vital for their therapeutic potential? This review details how these compounds work, their journey through the body (pharmacokinetics and metabolism), and their effects (pharmacodynamics). Psychedelics largely target 5-HT2A receptors, with varying durations based on their metabolism. MDMA offers unique stimulant and empathogenic effects. Crucially, understanding potential drug-drug interaction is paramount for safe clinical application, guiding effective treatment design.
Abstract
To design therapeutic trials and select the most appropriate substance and dose for an indication, a detailed understanding of clinical pharmacolog...
Fatal intoxication related to two new arylcyclohexylamine derivatives (2F-DCK and 3-MeO-PCE).
Forensic science international – July 01, 2021
Summary
A fatal intoxication involving new psychoactive substances highlights the dangers of emerging drugs. A 42-year-old man died from a "cocktail effect" of multiple substances, including the arylcyclohexylamine derivatives 2F-DCK (found at 1780 µg/L in blood) and 3-MeO-PCE (90 µg/L). Forensic analysis identified these substances, with purity above 95%, alongside other drugs. Hair analysis also revealed months of prior substance use. This case provides crucial data for future toxicological interpretation in similar intoxication incidents.
Abstract
Continuous development and rapid turnover of drug market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) make it difficult to obtain up-to-date analytical met...
Presence and evolution of a new psychoactive tryptamines branch
European Psychiatry – March 01, 2016
Summary
The presence of 4-HO-DiPT is on the rise, with 4 samples identified in 2014 compared to none earlier. Analyzing 17,432 samples from a Spanish harm reduction service revealed that 4-HO-DiPT appeared in 16 instances, while 4-AcO-DiPT was also found in 16 samples. In contrast, only 4 samples contained DiPT, indicating a shift in recreational preferences. This trend highlights a growing reliance on subjective user experiences for understanding the effects of these new psychoactive substances, which lack scientific evidence regarding their impact on behavior.
Abstract
Introduction New psychoactive substances (NPS) are substances that have recently appeared on the market and are not under international control. NP...
Safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamic and wellbeing effects of SPL026 (dimethyltryptamine fumarate) in healthy participants: a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking trial reveals that dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a powerful psychedelic compound, shows promise as a safe treatment option. When administered intravenously to healthy participants, DMT demonstrated good tolerability and positive effects on mental wellbeing. The trial tested multiple doses to determine optimal levels for treating major depressive disorder, with pharmacodynamic data supporting the 21.5mg dose as most effective.
Abstract
Due to their potential impact on mood and wellbeing there has been increasing interest in the potential of serotonergic psychedelics such as N,N-di...
The acute effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on the stimulus effects of hallucinogens.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – July 01, 1999
Summary
It's intriguing how certain antidepressants can amplify the effects of hallucinogens. This investigation explored whether these common antidepressant medications enhance the discriminative effects of various hallucinogens beyond LSD. Using rats trained to recognize specific hallucinogen effects (LSD, DOM, ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT), researchers introduced different antidepressants. The findings showed **positive results**: fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and venlafaxine significantly increased LSD-like responses. Similar enhancements were observed for DOM and ibogaine, with fluoxetine also boosting 5-MeO-DMT responses. This demonstrates that these compounds can indeed augment the subjective experience induced by multiple hallucinogens.
Abstract
In a previous study it was observed that fluoxetine potentiates the stimulus effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In the present investigat...
11C-labeling of indolealkylamine alkaloids and the comparative study of their tissue distributions.
The International journal of applied radiation and isotopes – December 01, 1985
Summary
The compound [11C]DMT stands out as a promising radiopharmaceutical for studying serotonin mechanisms in the brain, achieving a remarkable radiochemical yield of 50% and high brain uptake. In tests involving rats, labeled compounds showed significant accumulation in key organs: the liver, lung, and small intestine. Notably, [11C]DMT and [11C]OMB demonstrated substantial retention in the brain, while other tested radiopharmaceuticals exhibited low brain uptake. Overall, [11C]DMT's superior properties position it as a leading candidate for neuropharmacological studies.
Abstract
Five indolealkylamines (N,N-dimethyltryptamine, N-methyltryptamine, bufotenine, O-methylbufotenine, N,N,N-trimethyltryptamine iodide) were labeled ...
Methodology for and the determination of the major constituents and metabolites of the Amazonian botanical medicine ayahuasca in human urine.
Biomedical chromatography : BMC – September 01, 2011
Summary
A groundbreaking discovery shows the hallucinogenic compound DMT from ayahuasca is primarily metabolized into an N-oxide in humans—a first-time finding. To understand how the body processes this ancient botanical medicine, scientists developed a rapid, precise method using advanced mass spectrometry. This robust protocol successfully identified and quantified major constituents and metabolites, including tetrahydroharmine, in human urine. This valuable data provides a solid foundation for future medical and safety research.
Abstract
Ayahuasca, also known as caapi or yage among various South American groups, holds a highly esteemed and millennia-old position in these cultures' m...
The possible place for psychedelics in pharmacotherapy of mental disorders.
Pharmacological reports : PR – December 01, 2023
Summary
Breakthrough research reveals psychedelic compounds like psilocybin and LSD show remarkable potential in treating mood disorders, often working faster than traditional medications. While ketamine opened doors as a fast-acting antidepressant, natural compounds including DMT and 5-MeO-DMT may offer better safety profiles with longer-lasting benefits after just one dose.
Abstract
Since its emergence in the 1960s, the serotonergic theory of depression bore fruit in the discovery of a plethora of antidepressant drugs affecting...