Mindfulness-based programs improve well-being in college students, with the strongest evidence for reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 58 randomized controlled trials found that mindfulness interventions significantly outperformed both active and inactive controls, with the most marked effects on anxiety, depression, and mindfulness. Greater success appeared for clinical populations. Online programs performed equivalently to in-person programs, and non-mindfulness-based programs were equivalent to mindfulness-based programs after controlling for other factors. Publication bias and other quality issues emerged. More studies using stronger methods are needed to evaluate effects on additional health outcomes and online interventions in clinical populations.
A mindfulness program designed for Indonesian pre-clinical medical students was feasible and acceptable. Over three iterative phases, students reported moderate and rising interest (mean range: 5.75 to 6.6), high relevance to stress, perfectionism, and communication challenges, and a strong likelihood of applying practices like S.T.O.P. meditation and journaling. Qualitative feedback highlighted themes of relevance, practical benefit, and cultural fit. The program appears culturally appropriate and suitable for stress management and personal growth, though it remains in an early evaluative phase.