Journal of Chromatography B
October 14, 2003
Tooru Kamata, Mayumi Nishikawa, Munehiro Katagi et al.
65 citations
A sensitive analytical method for detecting psilocin in urine was developed by optimizing hydrolysis conditions. Enzymatic hydrolysis using Escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase (5000 units/ml urine) at pH 6 and 37°C for 2 hours completely converted psilocin glucuronide to psilocin, whereas enzymes from bovine liver, Helix pomatia, and Ampullaria gave incomplete conversion. Acid and alkaline hydrolysis were not applicable. In a magic mushroom user's urine, 3.55 µg/ml of psilocin was detected after enzymatic hydrolysis, but none without hydrolysis.
Forensic Toxicology
June 15, 2006
Tooru Kamata, Mayumi Nishikawa, Munehiro Katagi et al.
36 citations
In a groundbreaking investigation, 70% of urine samples from participants who ingested psilocybin mushrooms showed the presence of specific glucuronide metabolites. Utilizing advanced chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques, the study highlighted how these metabolites influence neurotransmitter receptors, potentially affecting behavior. This work enhances forensic toxicology and drug analysis, providing crucial insights into the chemistry of psychedelics. The findings underscore the importance of understanding metabolic pathways, as glucuronidase activity plays a key role in how substances are processed in the body.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
January 1, 2007
Tooru Kamata, Munehiro Katagi, Hiroe Kamata et al.
4 citations
In urine from six users of the psychedelic tryptamine 5-MeO-DIPT, three metabolites—5-OH-DIPT, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT, and 5-MeO-NIPT—were identified. Using enzymatic hydrolysis with ascorbic acid to prevent degradation, conjugated forms (sulfates and glucuronides) of the hydroxylated metabolites were fully cleaved, greatly increasing their detection, especially for 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT. After hydrolysis, concentrations of 5-OH-DIPT ranged from 0.01 to 47 μg/ml and 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT up to 69 μg/ml, while the parent drug and 5-MeO-NIPT remained below 1.7 and 3.5 μg/ml, respectively. Metabolites were detectable longer than the parent compound: 5-OH-DIPT up to 80 hours, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT and 5-MeO-NIPT up to 60 hours, versus 35 hours for 5-MeO-DIPT.