JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
January 1, 2007
Carla Macedo, Paula S. Branco, Luı́sa M. Ferreira et al.
36 citations
The neurotoxic effects of MDMA (Ecstasy) may depend heavily on how the body metabolizes the drug in the liver. Metabolism produces highly reactive compounds, including catechols, catechol thioethers, and quinones. Researchers used cyclic voltammetry to measure the electrochemical oxidation-reduction processes of chemically synthesized human MDMA metabolites. They then correlated the redox potentials of α-methyldopamine, N-methyl-α-methyldopamine, and 5-(glutathion-S-yl)-α-methyldopamine with their toxicity to rat cortical neurons. The data demonstrated that the lower oxidation potential of the catecholic thioether of α-MeDA correlated with its higher toxicity, supporting the use of voltammetry data to predict the toxicity of MDMA metabolites.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
April 1, 2003
T. Kanamori, K. Tsujikawa, Yoshihito Ohmae et al.
27 citations
After oral administration of 10 mg/kg of the psychoactive substance 2C-B to male Wistar rats, the main metabolite found in urine was 5-O-desmethyl-N-acetyl-2C-B, accounting for 13.2% of the dose. Other urinary metabolites included 2-O-desmethyl-N-acetyl-2C-B (5.8%), 2-O-desmethyl-2C-B (3.5%), a carboxylic acid compound (1.9%), 5-O-desmethyl-2C-B (1.2%), and an alcoholic compound (0.8%). Only 0.2% of the original 2C-B was excreted unchanged in urine. In faeces, only two acetylated metabolites were detected. Most hydroxyl-containing urinary metabolites were recovered as conjugates.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
January 1, 2008
Misako Takahashi, Machiko Nagashima, Jin Suzuki et al.
24 citations
A method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed to identify ten psychedelic phenethylamines and tryptamines, including 2C-B, 2C-I, 5-MeO-DMT, and 5-MeO-DIPT. Five reference standards were newly synthesized, and five were purified; all were confirmed by GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. Between April 2005 and March 2007, eight of the ten compounds were detected in 100 out of 178 examined products.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
January 1, 2004
Mitsune Yamaguchi, Toshiaki Saito, Yoshie Horiguchi et al.
5 citations
A monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts to psilocin, a hallucinogenic compound in magic mushrooms, was developed. To create an antigen, the 4-hydroxyl group of psilocin was modified and linked to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Mice were immunized, and their spleen cells fused with myeloma cells, producing hybridomas that secrete anti-psilocin mAbs. Four clones (BA631, CA231, KA422, MA332) were selected; BA631 and MA332 were IgG1, CA231 and KA422 were IgG2a. Enzyme immunoassay showed BA631 cross-reacts with psilocin and dimethyltryptamine but not with psilocybin, 4-hydroxyindole, tryptamine, or tryptophan. These antibodies may help identify magic mushrooms.
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE
January 1, 2007
Tooru Kamata, Munehiro Katagi, Hiroe Kamata et al.
4 citations
In urine from six users of the psychedelic tryptamine 5-MeO-DIPT, three metabolites—5-OH-DIPT, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT, and 5-MeO-NIPT—were identified. Using enzymatic hydrolysis with ascorbic acid to prevent degradation, conjugated forms (sulfates and glucuronides) of the hydroxylated metabolites were fully cleaved, greatly increasing their detection, especially for 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT. After hydrolysis, concentrations of 5-OH-DIPT ranged from 0.01 to 47 μg/ml and 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT up to 69 μg/ml, while the parent drug and 5-MeO-NIPT remained below 1.7 and 3.5 μg/ml, respectively. Metabolites were detectable longer than the parent compound: 5-OH-DIPT up to 80 hours, 6-OH-5-MeO-DIPT and 5-MeO-NIPT up to 60 hours, versus 35 hours for 5-MeO-DIPT.