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Journal of Psychedelic Studies

ISSN 2559-9283

203 papers in the library · 2,698 citations · publishing 2017-2026

Papers

Knowledge and attitudes about the use of psychedelic drugs among psychiatric professionals in Korea

Journal of Psychedelic Studies May 17, 2025 Won-Seok Choi, Jeongwan Hong, Seung‐ho Jang et al. 1 citation

Korean psychiatric professionals show interest in using psychedelics for hard-to-treat conditions like depression and PTSD, but knowledge gaps exist, especially among residents regarding mechanisms of action. A survey of 193 attendees at three academic conferences found 44% were residents. Positive attitudes were lower among women, and most respondents expressed cautious optimism about future clinical use, pending further research and regulation. The findings highlight the need for better education on psychedelics within Korea's psychiatric community to align with global trends and improve treatment options for severe mental illness.

Exploring the perceived usefulness of integration support after naturalistic psychedelic experiences in people concerned about their substance use: A survey

Journal of Psychedelic Studies April 22, 2025 Sophie van der Helder, K. Siefried, L. Acheson et al. 1 citation

Most people with substance use concerns who had used psychedelics in the past year thought that psychosocial support after their experiences would be useful. Of 108 participants, 94 (87.0%) considered integration support helpful. Among those interested, most preferred individual support led by a psychologist (67.0%) or a peer worker with lived experience of psychedelic use (58.5%), focusing on applying insights from the psychedelic experience to daily life (63.0%). The findings suggest potential benefits for offering such support and could be explored further with qualitative research.

Experiential dimension of psilocybin-assisted therapy training: Necessity or hindrance to wider accessibility?

Journal of Psychedelic Studies January 21, 2025 Louis Plourde, Sue-Ling Chang, Houman Farzin et al. 1 citation

The debate about whether psychotherapists should personally experience non-ordinary states of consciousness during psilocybin-assisted therapy training is important because it influences treatment safety, effectiveness, and accessibility. Ethical and practical concerns about making such experience a training standard need urgent attention where psilocybin therapy is being integrated into healthcare. The authors argue that the most balanced and ethical approach is to legally allow psilocybin use for professional training but not require it.

The taming of the shrooms. Understanding current discursive struggles over the psychedelic in the light of their historical antecedents

Journal of Psychedelic Studies December 5, 2024 Thomas Slunecko 1 citation

The article argues that current debates in psychedelic research echo older controversies from the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly the transformation of animal magnetism into a scientifically tamed phenomenon during the 'long century of mediumship'. By applying discourse analysis to key publications from the Johns Hopkins research group, the author shows how contemporary forces are systematically stripping psychedelics of their emancipatory, resistive, utopian, and spiritual connotations, pushing them toward a more controlled scientific framework.

Christ returns from the jungle: Ayahuasca religion as mystical healing

Journal of Psychedelic Studies August 16, 2024 Bonnie Glass‐coffin 1 citation

An anthropological study examines the expansion of the ayahuasca-based Santo Daime New Religious Movement from South America to Europe. The author participated in over 50 European ceremonies and interviewed 87 daimistas across multiple nations between 2010 and 2011. European members join because Santo Daime ceremonies help resolve feelings of estrangement and isolation common in late-modern cultures marked by secularized individualism, materialism, and consumerism. The movement re-sacralizes human experience and provides meaning through direct experience of an enchanted, interconnected universe, contrasting with monophasic secular and scientific views of reality that restrict knowledge to waking consciousness. These cultural differences contribute to ongoing criminalization of Santo Daime rituals in Europe.

Critical review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Unanswered questions and future directions

Journal of Psychedelic Studies July 18, 2024 Alex P. Hood, Chris E. Corlett, Cameron T. Alldredge et al. 1 citation

A critical review of six randomized controlled trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD finds that five show evidence of safety and efficacy. However, the review identifies serious methodological problems: lack of a suitable comparison condition, poor blinding, rigid trial designs, high treatment costs, and no head-to-head comparisons with established PTSD therapies. The sponsoring organization behind all trials may introduce bias. While the results are encouraging, there is not yet enough evidence to recommend widespread adoption of MDMA-assisted therapy over current validated treatments.

Assessment of psychedelic--induced states: Norwegian translation and adaptation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ-30)

Journal of Psychedelic Studies July 12, 2024 Kristoffer Andreas Aamodt Andersen, Bjørn Holmøy, Lowan H. Stewart 1 citation

A Norwegian version of the Revised Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ30) has been developed through rigorous translation and cultural adaptation methods, including two independent forward translations, one back-translation, pilot testing on six psychedelic users, and cognitive debriefing with six experts. The MEQ30 measures mystical-type experiences induced by classic psychedelic drugs like psilocybin, which may underlie therapeutic effects for mental disorders. The Norwegian MEQ30 is ready for use in future trials in Norway, though its psychometric properties have not yet been assessed.

Non-hallucinogenic psychedelic psychotherapy: Decreasing risk and increasing access, or missing the point?

Journal of Psychedelic Studies May 27, 2024 Joanna Pashdag 1 citation

Psychedelics have shown promise in open-label studies and early clinical trials for rapidly and possibly lastingly relieving conditions such as major depressive disorder, end-of-life anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, smoking, alcohol use, and eating disorders. A key unresolved question is whether the hallucinatory experiences produced by classical psychedelics are necessary for their therapeutic effects, or whether a non-hallucinogenic trip could be equally effective. This commentary considers the value of the phenomenological psychedelic experience and poses the broader question of what any phenomenological experience is for.

MDMA-assisted dialectical behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder: A qualitative study of mental health clinicians

Journal of Psychedelic Studies February 5, 2024 Ann M. Inouye, Aaron Wolfgang, Lianne T. Philhower 1 citation

In 2021, phase 3 clinical trials of MDMA-assisted therapy for treatment-resistant PTSD found that 71.2% of full-dose participants no longer met PTSD criteria. Although MDMA-assisted therapy is not FDA-approved for borderline personality disorder, its beneficial effects might be applicable. An exploratory, qualitative, interview-based study examined clinicians' perspectives by interviewing two dialectical behavioral therapy clinicians and two MDMA-assisted therapy clinicians. The study assessed underlying therapeutic mechanisms, pharmacological factors, and treatment context to improve clinical responses. Participants' codes revealed a chronological narrative with three treatment phases.

MDMA-assisted therapy for borderline personality disorder

Journal of Psychedelic Studies December 14, 2023 Ann M. Inouye, Aaron S. Wolfgang, Lianne T. Philhower 1 citation

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is often misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and stigmatized, with 25–58% of individuals also having post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In Phase 3 clinical trials, up to 71.2% of full-dose MDMA participants for treatment-resistant PTSD no longer met PTSD criteria. This qualitative study interviewed two clinicians treating BPD and two MDMA-assisted therapy clinicians, exploring overlaps in etiology and conceptualization. Through eight interviews, perspectives revealed similarities and limitations of both dialectical behavioral therapy and MDMA-assisted therapy.

Self-perception and self-recognition while looking in the mirror on psilocybin

Journal of Psychedelic Studies September 19, 2023 Sam Elias, Stephanie Spivak, Alexa Alverez et al. 1 citation

People who look in a mirror while under the influence of psilocybin rarely see their own face as a different entity, such as an animal or another person. They are equally likely to see themselves as they really are or in a distorted way. Overall, self-perception during the experience is significantly more positive than negative. The way the own-face is perceived varies widely from person to person.

Microdosing psychedelics: The segregation of spiritual and scientific narratives within the r/microdosing online community

Journal of Psychedelic Studies September 11, 2023 Ioana Pop, Erwin Gielens, Hannah Kottmann 1 citation

An analysis of posts on the Reddit community r/microdosing from 2013 to 2020 identified two distinct narratives among users: a spirituality topic and a scientific topic labeled 'neuro-cognition.' These topics rarely appeared together in the same user's contributions, indicating that spiritual and scientific narratives are largely segregated within the community. The findings demonstrate the value of text analysis for revealing the cultural frameworks that surround the practice of microdosing psychedelics.

The DEA report on ayahuasca risks: “Science” in service of prohibition?

Journal of Psychedelic Studies June 9, 2023 Beatriz Caiuby Labate, Anna O. Ermakova, Jordan Sloshower et al. 1 citation

The Drug Enforcement Administration's 2020 report on ayahuasca downplays the substance's safety and therapeutic potential while overemphasizing its risks, according to a critical analysis by scholars. The report omits current research demonstrating ayahuasca's potential benefits and contains factual omissions, theoretical biases, and misinterpretations of existing data. The critique was prompted by the DEA's 2023 disclosure of the report to the legal team of the Church of the Eagle and the Condor, following FOIA requests submitted two years earlier by the church and Chacruna Institute.

Psychedelic therapy for body dysmorphic disorder

Journal of Psychedelic Studies June 23, 2022 Shevaugn Johnson, Chris Letheby 1 citation

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy should be investigated as a treatment for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). BDD involves appearance-based preoccupations and compulsions. Although existing treatments are safe and effective, non-response and relapse rates remain high. Preliminary evidence indicates safety, feasibility, and potential efficacy of psychedelic treatments for disorders sharing psychopathological mechanisms with BDD. Based on this evidence, qualitative reports, and theoretical proposals, the authors argue for a phase 2a study to assess safety and feasibility of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy in BDD, and offer suggestions for future research.

Can psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy play a role in enhancing motivation to change in addiction treatment settings?

Journal of Psychedelic Studies March 11, 2022 Mark Kang, Lindsay Mackay, Devon Christie et al. 1 citation

Existing treatments for substance use disorders, including medications and psychosocial interventions, have significant shortcomings such as low retention and high relapse rates. Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapies are re-emerging as promising adjunctive treatments for addiction and other mental health conditions, but there is a lack of validated metrics to evaluate recovery capital and motivation to change—a crucial factor in positive treatment outcomes. This commentary describes the current state of research and the potential of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy to enhance motivation to change in addiction treatment, and emphasizes the need for validated tools to assess whether these therapies can produce lasting improvements in substance use behaviors.

Is MDD the right target for early-stage psychedelic-assisted therapy trials?

Journal of Psychedelic Studies September 15, 2021 Benjamin R. Lewis, Kevin Byrne 1 citation

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a poor target for early psychedelic research aiming at FDA approval, according to this critique of a recent Phase II trial comparing psilocybin-assisted therapy with escitalopram. The psychiatric category of MDD is heterogeneous, vaguely defined, and overdiagnosed, making it difficult to detect a reliable signal with any intervention, especially in non-severe cases. Current rating scales like QIDS and HAM-D fail to capture functional status, quality of life, and well-being—outcomes more relevant to psychedelic interventions. Additionally, psychedelic experiences often foster acceptance or equanimity toward suffering, which may be orthogonal to symptom reduction as measured by these scales. The authors argue for alternative research directions.

The entheogenic origins of Mormonism: A working hypothesis

Journal of Psychedelic Studies June 1, 2019 Robert Beckstead, Bryce Blankenagel, Cody Noconi et al. 1 citation

Historical documents suggest that Joseph Smith used entheogen-infused sacraments to fulfill his promise that every Mormon convert would experience visions of God and spiritual ecstasies. Early Mormon scriptures and Smith's teachings contain descriptions consistent with entheogenic material. Compiled accounts of Smith's earliest visions and early convert visions reveal internal symptomology and outward bodily manifestations consistent with an anticholinergic entheogen. Due to embarrassing symptomology, Smith sought psychoactives with fewer outward manifestations. The visionary period fueled by entheogens played a significant role in Mormonism's rise. Smith's death ended visionary Mormonism, as his successor failed to use entheogens in worship.

Psychedelics and the media in the Visegrad countries

Journal of Psychedelic Studies October 5, 2018 Orsolya Fehér 1 citation

Public narratives about psychedelics in the four Visegrad countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia) are shaped by media and cultural stigma, lagging behind the 'psychedelic renaissance' seen in wealthier Western nations. Frequent television viewers show lower informedness and more negative attitudes toward psychedelics. The paper argues that harsh stigma in the former Eastern Bloc hinders psychedelic science, posing institutional, financial, and reputational challenges. The authors aim to promote a more balanced public discourse that addresses real risks.

Reporting practices in psilocybin-assisted therapy trials for depression: A descriptive review and temporal overview

Journal of Psychedelic Studies July 13, 2026 Nils Hörnqvist

A review of psilocybin-assisted therapy trials for major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression found that reporting practices are inconsistent in several key areas. Overrepresentation of participants with prior psychedelic experiences (22.4% of participants) was noted. Trials often failed to report blinding success for therapists (10%) and participants (16.7%), therapist fidelity (6.7%), and expectancy (6.7%). Preparatory and integration sessions were reported as hours rather than number of sessions. Some standardization was observed, such as increased use of the MADRS depression scale and consistent dosing (25 mg for intervention, 1 and 0 mg for control groups). The review calls for future research to better assess blinding, therapist fidelity, expectancy, and to include more psychedelic-naïve participants.

Trajectories of psychedelic-assisted change: An observational study of a psilocybin retreat program followed by psychotherapeutic interventions

Journal of Psychedelic Studies July 3, 2026 Henry J. Whitfield, Jan Schepers, Natasha L. Mason et al.

After a psilocybin truffle retreat, two different psychotherapy interventions—one focused on self-perspective taking and cognitive defusion (ACT-SPT) and another on reexperiencing the psychedelic memory network (ACT-PMNR)—produced different trajectories of change. ACT-PMNR continued to improve participants' anxiety, well-being, and life functioning during the post-psilocybin period, whereas ACT-SPT trajectories drifted back toward baseline. Long-term follow-up of ACT-PMNR showed significant improvements across all measured outcomes, with post-therapy changes exceeding those from the retreat alone. Targeted post-psilocybin psychotherapy may build on initial retreat results, but randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Integrating psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy into addiction care in the Czech Republic: Clinical evidence, safety, and regulatory developments

Journal of Psychedelic Studies June 12, 2026 Zuzana Postránecká, Matyáš Lucký, Viktor Mravčík et al.

Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) shows cautious clinical potential for treating substance use disorders, but the evidence remains heterogeneous and largely from observational, open-label, or historical studies rather than strong randomized controlled trials. In the Czech Republic, recent developments include ketamine-assisted psychotherapy initiatives, inclusion of PAP in national addictology guidance, publication of national psychiatry guidelines for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, and a 2025 legislative reform introducing psilocybin for medical use from January 2026. Broader integration will require clearer indications, accredited training, longitudinal outcome monitoring, and transparent communication of benefits and risks.

Psychedelic ethics in practice: The case of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy in Norway

Journal of Psychedelic Studies June 10, 2026 Sina Susanna Schüttler, John Nathaniel Parker, Daniel Münster

As ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) moves into clinical practice, ethical challenges arise around access, consent, and therapeutic integrity. Interviews with 16 physicians and clinical psychologists in Norway, conducted before the country's August 2025 approval of ketamine reimbursement for treatment-resistant depression, revealed three key themes: access to care was inequitable due to cost, geography, and restrictions on public communication; informed consent was complicated by ketamine's unpredictable effects, requiring flexibility and experiential familiarity; and therapeutic integrity depended on maintaining psychotherapy alongside ketamine, with risks of fragmented care and unrealistic expectations. The principlist framework helped structure these issues but could not fully capture systemic factors like funding and biomedical consent norms.

Optimizing music for psychedelic-assisted therapy: Examining contemporary practices, traditional entheogenic rituals, and musically-induced peak experiences

Journal of Psychedelic Studies June 2, 2026 Brandon Reynante, Jack Buchanan

Music has been integral to psychedelic experiences across history, from shamanic rituals to modern psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), yet standardized protocols for its use are lacking. This interdisciplinary review compared musical features in three contexts: modern PAT, traditional entheogenic rituals, and musically-induced peak experiences. Conflicting features emerged: PAT music peaks with simplicity, consistency, and slow tempo; ritual music uses simple forms with rhythmic complexity, subtle variations, and fast tempo; peak-experience music is complex, surprising with large dynamic changes, and fast. These differences likely stem from music's assumed role and the associated non-ordinary state of consciousness.

Effect of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy on anxiety symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Psychedelic Studies May 29, 2026 Alex Hood, Gary Elkins

A systematic review of 25 studies found that psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) produces a large reduction in anxiety symptoms within groups (Hedge's g = 0.96) and a small reduction compared to control groups (Hedge's g = 0.48). However, the studies varied widely in psychotherapy format, dosing, session structure, and outcome timing, and high heterogeneity persisted even after accounting for these differences. The authors conclude that PAP shows promise for treating anxiety across different diagnoses but caution that variability in study quality, design, sample representativeness, and high heterogeneity limit confidence in the findings. More rigorous trials with diverse populations are needed.

Psilocybin use in Puerto Rico: Patterns, motivations, and personality correlates from an online survey

Journal of Psychedelic Studies April 15, 2026

In a convenience sample of 343 adults in Puerto Rico recruited online, 52.6% reported having used psilocybin (magic mushrooms) at least once. Most users considered the substance non-addictive (61%) and safe (57%), and 88% reported pleasant or very pleasant experiences. Curiosity was the most common motivation (43%). Factors associated with higher odds of use included male sex, bisexual or non-heterosexual identity, non-Christian religious affiliation, and higher scores on openness and agreeableness; identifying as gay was associated with lower odds. The authors caution that these findings are preliminary and not generalizable to the broader population.