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Translational Psychiatry

ISSN 2158-3188

40 papers in the library · 2,165 citations · publishing 2015-2026

Papers

The molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide: evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses

Translational Psychiatry June 16, 2025 Ying Zhang, Lei Yang, Qiuyu Zhang et al. 6 citations

Psilocybin, a widely studied psychedelic, may help prevent suicide by interacting with specific proteins in the brain. Using computational methods, researchers identified 46 potential targets linking psilocybin to suicide treatment. Four key targets—HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR7, and PRKACA—showed strong binding to psilocybin. Enrichment analyses indicated that psilocybin might work by modulating serotonergic synapse and calcium signaling pathways. These findings suggest molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin could aid suicide prevention, providing a basis for further investigation.

Synergistic behavioral and neuroplastic effects of psilocybin-NMDAR modulator administration

Translational Psychiatry June 13, 2025 Tom Ben-Tal, Ilana Pogodin, Alexander Botvinnik et al. 2 citations

Combining the psychedelic psilocybin with the NMDAR modulators D-serine or D-cycloserine reduced hallucinogenic-like effects and enhanced antipsychotic-like effects in male mice, while also promoting neuroplasticity-related synaptic protein expression. Psilocybin alone increased head twitch response, a surrogate for hallucinogenic effects, which was dose-dependently lowered by either modulator. The combinations also decreased MK-801-induced hyperactivity, modeling antipsychotic action. The psilocybin-D-serine combination increased GAP43 expression across four brain regions and overall synaptic protein levels in the hippocampus; psilocybin-D-cycloserine elevated PSD95 across all regions. These results suggest that pairing serotonergic psychedelics with NMDAR modulators may improve therapeutic potential by reducing adverse effects and enhancing neuroplasticity.

Xanomeline-trospium reverses phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits through modulation of the gut microbiota-brain axis in mice

Translational Psychiatry May 20, 2026 Xin Ding, Rumi Murayama, Yi Cai et al. 1 citation

The drug combination KarXT (xanomeline plus trospium) reverses cognitive deficits caused by phencyclidine (PCP) in adult male mice, and this effect is linked to changes in gut and lung microbiota. PCP disrupted recognition memory and caused region-specific imbalances in microbes, especially in the small intestine and cecum. KarXT restored memory and normalized several bacterial species elevated by PCP, including Bacteroides fragilis and Veillonella ratti. Restoration of certain lung and gut microbes correlated with improved memory. The findings suggest that KarXT's cognitive benefits involve microbial modulation, which may guide efforts to reduce gastrointestinal side effects in muscarinic therapies for schizophrenia.

Characterising the clinical associations of hallucinogen persisting perception disorder: a retrospective cohort study

Translational Psychiatry April 24, 2026 Matt Butler, Ellen Moore, James Rucker et al. 1 citation

Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) involves episodes of altered perception after past psychoactive drug use, causing distress and impairment. In a large retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from 25,778 individuals diagnosed with HPPD, high rates of prior comorbidities were found, including depressive episodes (29.2%), anxiety disorders (26.2%), chronic pain (15.9%), headache syndromes (14.7%), post-viral fatigue (12.3%), ADHD (6.6%), and fibromyalgia (6.7%). Anxiety and functional somatic syndromes were more common in HPPD patients than in psychedelic-using controls. Anxiety (odds ratio 1.5) and post-viral fatigue (odds ratio 1.9) predicted HPPD development among psychedelic users. After diagnosis, HPPD was associated with increased risk of subsequent functional somatic syndromes (odds ratio 2.0) and psychiatric disorders (odds ratio 1.4) compared to psychedelic-using controls.

Psychedelic therapy and cultural humility

Translational Psychiatry February 27, 2026 Alex Gearin, Jennifer Docherty, Xiaofan Sun et al. 1 citation

Psychedelic-assisted therapies show clinical promise for reducing depression and anxiety in patients with life-limiting illness, but most protocols reflect Euro-American values. Using Chinese palliative care as an example, the commentary argues that cultural factors such as family-centered decision-making, spiritual beliefs, and stigma will shape how these therapies work in different settings. Cultural humility—ongoing self-reflection, sensitivity to power dynamics, and openness to diverse worldviews—is essential for psychedelic therapy, where patient experiences depend on context and meaning-making. Efficacy is not solely biochemical but also cultural; addressing this translational gap requires humility toward how situated beliefs, norms, and practices interact with psychedelic pharmacology.

Brain-targeted epigenetic effects of two emerging psychoplastogens: ketamine & MDMA

Translational Psychiatry July 11, 2026 Moira G. Semple, Sarah E. Mennenga, Ryan Smith et al.

Ketamine and MDMA, compounds known as psychoplastogens, show therapeutic potential for mood and trauma-related disorders, but their molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In a study analyzing blood samples from 20 ketamine-treated participants and saliva samples from 16 MDMA-treated participants, DNA methylation changes were examined using a Brain-Epigenome-Wide Association Study targeting brain-relevant genes. Ketamine was associated with 405 significantly altered genes and 169 functional networks, while MDMA was linked to 346 altered genes and 183 networks. Both compounds converged on pathways related to neuroplasticity and neuroimmune regulation, suggesting they induce peripheral epigenetic changes that engage molecular pathways relevant to psychiatric health.

High-order brain interactions during ketamine-induced state changes: A functional marker of response in late-life treatment-resistant depression?

Translational Psychiatry July 4, 2026 Krisha Shah, Rubén Herzog, Alan C. Swann et al.

Ketamine rapidly reduces depression in some people with treatment-resistant depression, but the brain mechanisms are not fully understood. This analysis of a randomized, double-blind trial compared ketamine to midazolam in 30 older veterans with treatment-resistant depression. Using EEG data and a measure called O-information, which captures how brain regions interact in groups of three or more, the study found that ketamine caused dynamic changes in these interactions over time. The strongest effects occurred in alpha brain waves one hour after infusion, with changes shifting to theta waves by 24 hours and partially returning in beta and gamma waves by day 7.

Mechanistic insights toward dissociating therapeutic from psychedelic effects: bridging the gap between psychedelic research and mental health care

Translational Psychiatry June 24, 2026 Mauro Pettorruso, Giacomo D’andrea, Antonio Inserra et al.

Emerging clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that the therapeutic benefits of psychedelics for depression and anxiety may be separable from their consciousness-altering effects. Psychedelics produce profound brain changes, including suppression of the default mode network, leading to intense subjective experiences such as ego dissolution. These effects require extensive preparation and integration, exclude individuals with certain psychiatric vulnerabilities, and raise scalability concerns. Pharmacological strategies like serotonin 2A receptor antagonism and development of biased psychedelic analogues might retain therapeutic efficacy without psychedelic experiences. Preclinical data indicate that downstream molecular and network-level mechanisms could mediate therapeutic effects independently of subjective states. Confirming this dissociation could enable more scalable, accessible treatments for broader psychiatric populations.

Characterizing non-hallucinogenic psychedelics beyond the head twitch response: phenotypic fingerprinting of lisuride and LSD

Translational Psychiatry June 13, 2026 Jillian L. King, Devin P. Effinger, Cameron Basquez-Pfeifer et al.

The head-twitch response (HTR) in mice, a standard test for hallucinogenic potential, fails to reliably indicate overall psychoactivity. Lisuride, which did not produce HTR, caused impaired movement, coordination, stress, cognitive disruption, and reduced prefrontal cortex EEG power. LSD, which triggered strong HTR, had minimal effects on these measures. Neither compound's effects beyond HTR depended on 5-HT₂A receptors. The HTR alone is insufficient and should be combined with other assessments.

Comparison of acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) with and without a supplemental booster dose in healthy participants: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study

Translational Psychiatry June 4, 2026 Mélusine Humbert‐droz, Anna M. Becker, Jan Valenta et al.

A booster dose of MDMA prolongs the acute subjective drug effects compared with a single dose, without increasing peak effects. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study with 23 healthy volunteers, a 120 mg dose of MDMA followed by a 60 mg booster after 2 hours extended the duration of subjective effects to an average of 5.6 hours, versus 4.6 hours with a single dose. Adverse effects were more common after both MDMA conditions than placebo. Whether the prolonged effect translates into clinical benefit for MDMA-assisted psychotherapy remains unknown.

Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics and acute effects of intravenous bolus N,N-dimethyltryptamine: double-blind, randomized versus open-label dose-escalation administration study in healthy participants

Translational Psychiatry March 27, 2026 Livio Erne, Lorenz Mueller, Isabelle Straumann et al.

Bolus injections of DMT produce very strong subjective effects that peak within 2 minutes and subside completely within 12–30 minutes, consistent with a short elimination half-life of about 6–7 minutes. A ceiling effect for peak subjective effects occurred at the 15 mg dose, and no tolerance developed to the acute effects. Tolerability markedly improved when doses were escalated openly rather than given double-blind, and at equivalent doses the subjective effects were rated as less intense. These results indicate that blinding and expectancy influence the subjective experience and that individual dose-escalation may improve tolerability and guide dose selection in future DMT studies.

Preliminary analysis of ayahuasca-induced anatomical alterations in the somatosensory cortex of juvenile non-human primates (Callithrix jacchus) subjected to chronic stress

Translational Psychiatry February 19, 2026 Luís Carlos Pereira, Wigínio Gabriel Lira-Bandeira, Andréa Silva Medeiros-Bandeira et al.

Chronic stress from social isolation in juvenile male marmosets reduces neuronal volume in the somatosensory cortex, a brain region implicated in depression. Ayahuasca, a psychedelic brew, given before and during isolation prevented this reduction, with treated animals showing neuronal volumes similar to non-stressed controls. Trends also suggested preserved cortical structure, though differences in neuronal density and overall cortical volume were not statistically significant. These results indicate ayahuasca may protect against stress-induced cortical atrophy and support further research into its therapeutic potential for stress-related psychiatric disorders, especially in adolescents.

Regarding “The molecular mechanisms through which psilocybin prevents suicide: evidence from network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses”

Translational Psychiatry January 31, 2026 Jesper L. Kristensen

Psilocybin is a prodrug that is rapidly converted in the body to psilocin, the active compound responsible for its subjective and therapeutic effects. The authors of the reviewed manuscript used computational network pharmacology and molecular docking to investigate how psilocybin might prevent suicide, but they incorrectly treated psilocybin as the active agent. In humans, psilocybin's effects correlate with psilocin plasma concentration and serotonin 2A receptor occupancy, and cryo-EM structures of psilocin bound to that receptor are available. Therefore, discussing psilocybin's binding to proteins is nonsensical for understanding its therapeutic actions in humans.

Negative affective bias in depression following treatment with psilocybin or escitalopram – a secondary analysis from a randomized trial

Translational Psychiatry November 13, 2025 Bruna Giribaldi Cunha, David Nutt, Marieke Martens et al.

In a double-blind randomized trial, patients with long-standing moderate-to-severe depression received either two doses of 25 mg psilocybin plus daily placebo or two doses of 1 mg psilocybin plus daily escitalopram over six weeks. Both treatments comparably reduced negative bias in recognizing facial emotions, a measure of emotional information processing. However, changes in this bias were not linked to concurrent depression score changes. Only in the escitalopram group did a decrease in misclassifying positive faces as negative correlate with lower depression scores at a one-month follow-up. The findings suggest overlapping cognitive mechanisms between psilocybin and escitalopram, notable given psilocybin's short dosing regimen.