Behavioral Neuroscience
January 1, 1996
Linda A. Parker
41 citations
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) produces a conditioned place preference only at the highest dose tested (0.2 mg/kg), and this preference is prevented by a single preexposure to the conditioning chamber (latent inhibition). When paired with sucrose, LSD doses from 0.05 to 0.2 mg/kg produce taste avoidance, but no dose produces an aversion to the taste as measured by the taste reactivity test. These results indicate that LSD, like other rewarding drugs, causes taste avoidance through a mechanism different from that of emetic drugs.
Behavioral Neuroscience
January 1, 2006
Evangeline Daniela, David Gittings, Susan Schenk
37 citations
Rats pressed a lever to receive intravenous MDMA, and their responding increased when the required number of presses rose from 1 to 5, decreased when saline replaced MDMA, and increased again when MDMA was restored. During training, each MDMA infusion was accompanied by a light. After an average of 19 daily sessions, omitting either the light or the drug caused responding to decline gradually over 15 days. Omitting both the light and the drug produced a dramatic and lasting decrease in responding. These results suggest that cues paired with MDMA acquire conditioned properties that may contribute to drug-taking behavior.
Behavioral Neuroscience
October 1, 2009
Jacobi I. Cunningham, Jamie Raudensky, John Tonkiss et al.
27 citations
Prior exposure to MDMA makes rats vulnerable to stress-induced learning impairments that do not occur with stress alone. Rats pretreated with MDMA and then exposed to mild chronic unpredictable stress seven days later showed impaired learning in the Morris water maze, whereas stress alone did not cause this deficit. MDMA alone increased anxiety-like behavior on the elevated plus maze, but chronic stress alone or combined with MDMA pretreatment did not increase anxiety. The learning impairment was not accompanied by enhanced depletion of the serotonin transporter in the hippocampus, suggesting the effect involves mechanisms beyond serotonin transporter loss.
Behavioral Neuroscience
January 1, 2006
David N. Harper, Maree Hunt, Susan Schenk
26 citations
Acute MDMA exposure disrupts memory performance in rats, possibly by increasing confusion between events from previous and current trials. In a delayed matching-to-sample task, lengthening the intertrial interval from 5 to 15 seconds reduced this disruption, suggesting that separating current-trial to-be-remembered events from previous-trial events can attenuate MDMA's memory-impairing effects.
Behavioral Neuroscience
January 18, 2024
Zahra Ghofrani-Jahromi, Sarah Nouri-Darehno, Mehrsa Rahimi-Danesh et al.
22 citations
A single injection of Psilocybe cubensis extract (25 mg/kg) given to male rats shortly before or after fear conditioning reduced PTSD-like freezing behavior in the short term (1 and 3 days after conditioning) but not after 21 days. The extract also decreased locomotor activity only briefly after administration, while it raised pain thresholds and reduced anxiety for a longer period. These results suggest that the mushroom's effects on PTSD-like behavior and activity are short-lived, but its influence on pain sensitivity and anxiety may persist.
Behavioral Neuroscience
April 4, 2019
J. Stewart
21 citations
Neurophenomenology correlates descriptions of lived experience with brain states, but such correlations alone do not solve the hard problem of consciousness. The interpretation of these correlations requires situating the brain within a living body in the world, placing neuroscience in the context of cognitive science (enaction) and biology (autopoiesis). Three attentional networks distinguish conscious from nonconscious events: orienting to sensory stimulation, activating memory patterns, and maintaining alertness. Phenomenological studies reveal a three-part structure of the present with past and future horizons, linking to cognitive neuroscience findings on minimal time for neural events. Voluntary action is inseparable from consciousness, with neural correlates preceding action and imagination playing a role.