5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Naturalistic psilocybin use is associated with persisting improvements in mental health and wellbeing: results from a prospective, longitudinal survey
Frontiers in Psychiatry – September 19, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogenic alkaloid, shows promise for mental health. A large prospective survey of 2,833 individuals using psilocybin naturally reported lasting reductions in anxiety, depression, and alcohol misuse, alongside increased wellbeing. These benefits, relevant to psychology and psychiatry, persisted for months. While most experienced positive shifts, 11% reported negative effects weeks later. This supports psilocybin's potential in clinical psychology and medicine, advancing psychedelics and drug studies and complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Introduction The classic psychedelic psilocybin, found in some mushroom species, has received renewed interest in clinical research, showing potent...
Psilocybin desynchronizes brain networks
OpenAlex – August 24, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and alkaloid, acutely generated over 3-fold greater brain network changes than methylphenidate in healthy adults (17 MRI visits each). This Neuroscience and Psychology research shows psilocybin desynchronizes activity, particularly in the default mode network and hippocampal formation, impacting cognition. Relevant to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, its neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior reduced hippocampus-cortex connectivity for weeks. These persistent effects, stemming from psilocybin's unique chemical synthesis, normalized after six months, suggesting a neurobiological basis for its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
1 Summary The relationship between the acute effects of psychedelics and their persisting neurobiological and psychological effects is poorly under...
Race and ethnicity moderate the associations between lifetime psilocybin use and crime arrests
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 24, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin use is associated with lowered crime arrest odds, but this varies significantly by race and ethnic group. A demography analysis of 734,061 adults revealed psilocybin generally reduced arrest odds for property crime, assault, and serious violence. Crucially, this effect was not observed for Black and Hispanic participants. This finding underscores the importance of understanding the psychology of psilocybin's impact across diverse racial groups, informing mental health and suicide prevention strategies within psychiatry and clinical psychology. Such insights are vital for responsible medicine and psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction Psilocybin use has been linked to lowered odds of crime-related outcomes across a host of observational studies. No studies have inves...
Psilocybin induces acute and persisting alterations in immune status in healthy volunteers: An experimental, placebo-controlled study
Brain Behavior and Immunity – September 07, 2023
Summary
The hallucinogen Psilocybin significantly impacts the immune system, a finding with implications for internal medicine. In a placebo-controlled study of 60 healthy participants (30 receiving Psilocybin), it immediately lowered the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor necrosis factor alpha. Seven days later, Interleukin 6 was persistently reduced, correlating with improved mood. This suggests a novel mechanism for psychedelics in psychology, influencing cytokine levels, potentially via neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, advancing drug studies in medicine.
Abstract
Patients characterized by stress-related disorders such as depression display elevated circulating concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines and...
Therapeutic Effects of Ceremonial Ayahuasca Use for Methamphetamine Use Disorders and Other Mental Health Challenges: Case Studies in an Indigenous Community in Sonora, Mexico.
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2023
Summary
Indigenous healers in Mexico are pioneering a groundbreaking approach to addiction treatment, combining traditional ceremonies with modern therapy. Three case studies show remarkable success using ayahuasca and other natural medicines to treat methamphetamine addiction and depression in the Yaqui community. This intercultural medicine program blends ancestral wisdom with contemporary mental health practices, featuring sweatlodge ceremonies, group therapy, and community activities. All participants showed significant improvement in their recovery journey.
Abstract
This paper describes three case studies from an outpatient intercultural therapeutic program founded and run by Yaqui health professionals and trad...
“But the reality is it's happening”: A qualitative study of eating disorder providers about psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy
International Journal of Eating Disorders – August 08, 2023
Summary
Healthcare providers in Medicine and Clinical psychology show strong interest in psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, as a psychological intervention for eating disorders. Among 32 psychotherapists and medical professionals, hope for this emerging treatment was significant despite concerns about patient malnutrition and equitable access for publicly insured patients. Professionals in Psychiatry and Psychology recognize the potential of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, requesting more education on psilocybin therapy and its role in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Abstract Objective This study invited providers who care for patients with eating disorders to inform engagement, communication, and collaboration ...
Evaluation of behavioural and neurochemical effects of psilocybin in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress
Translational Psychiatry – June 14, 2025
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reversed depressive and anxiolytic-like behaviors caused by chronic stress in an animal model. Two 1 mg/kg doses revealed neurochemical changes, boosting serotonin-2A-receptors—key for neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior—and increasing glucocorticoid-receptor expression. This Neuroscience and Psychology research, relevant for Medicine and Psychiatry, suggests psilocybin's potential. A psychotherapist might consider these insights from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, understanding how this tryptophan-derived compound modulates brain disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Depression and anxiety are disabling and high incidence mental disorders characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently available tr...
Addressing the Current Knowledge and Gaps in Research SurroundingLysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD), Psilocybin, and Psilocin in RodentModels
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry – July 06, 2023
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin, powerful hallucinogen drugs, show immense promise for treating anxiety and various psychiatric conditions. Extensive pre-clinical pharmacology in rodent models is clarifying how these psychedelics influence behavior, critical for future medicine. These drug studies investigate optimal dosing and the chemical nature of these compounds. Understanding their mechanisms, potentially involving neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, is vital for their clinical implementation in psychiatry. Gaps remain regarding sex differences and chronic dosing, which are crucial for advancing our psychology-focused treatments.
Abstract
Abstract: Lysergic acid Diethylamide (LSD), psilocybin, and psilocin are being intensively evaluated as potential therapeutics to treat depression,...
Prevalence and therapeutic impact of adverse life event reexperiencing under ceremonial ayahuasca.
Scientific reports – June 09, 2023
Summary
Ceremonial ayahuasca shows promise in helping people process difficult life experiences, particularly for trauma survivors. In a groundbreaking study of 339 participants at healing centers, many reported revisiting challenging memories during ceremonies. Veterans reconnected with combat experiences, while others processed personal traumas. Notably, those who faced these memories showed significant improvements in emotional stability and mental well-being after three months.
Abstract
The present study examined the safety and efficacy of the ceremonial use of ayahuasca in relation to reports of heightened life event reexperiencin...
Dose-response relationships of LSD-induced subjective experiences in humans.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – October 01, 2023
Summary
A groundbreaking analysis reveals how different doses of LSD affect human consciousness. Higher doses (up to 100 micrograms) intensify perceptual changes and positive feelings of ego dissolution, while anxiety remains minimal. Beyond 100 micrograms, effects plateau. Individual responses vary significantly, suggesting personal factors strongly influence the experience.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a potent classic serotonergic psychedelic, which facilitates a variety of altered states of consciousness. Here...
The molecular basis of the antidepressant action of the magic mushroom extract, psilocin.
Biochimica et biophysica acta. Proteins and proteomics – July 01, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking research reveals how magic mushrooms' active compound, psilocin, fights depression at the molecular level. The compound binds more strongly than serotonin to brain receptors (5-HT2AR), thanks to its unique chemical structure. Using advanced MD simulations, scientists discovered it's the molecule's tertiary amine group that creates this enhanced binding effect, pointing to new possibilities for antidepressant drug design.
Abstract
Magic mushrooms, and their extract psilocybin, are well-known for their psychedelic properties and recreational use. Psilocin, the bio-active form ...
Spatial Correspondence of LSD-Induced Variations on Brain Functioning at Rest With Serotonin Receptor Expression.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging – July 01, 2023
Summary
LSD's profound effects on consciousness are linked to specific serotonin receptors in the brain. Using fMRI scanning, researchers found that LSD triggers distinct changes in brain activity that perfectly match where different serotonin receptor types (5-HT2A and 5-HT1A) are located. Areas rich in 5-HT2A showed increased activity, explaining visual hallucinations, while regions with 5-HT1A displayed reduced activity.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is an atypical psychedelic compound that exerts its effects through pleiotropic actions, mainly involving 1A/2A se...
Psilocybin-assisted therapy improves psycho-social-spiritual well-being in cancer patients.
Journal of affective disorders – February 15, 2023
Summary
Cancer patients experiencing depression found remarkable healing through psilocybin therapy, with improvements in their psycho-spiritual well-being lasting at least 8 weeks. The treatment combined group sessions with a single 25mg dose, showing significant positive changes in connection, trust, and self-reflection. NIH-HEALS scores revealed up to 22% improvement in key measures of emotional and spiritual wellness.
Abstract
While psychedelics have been shown to improve psycho-spiritual well-being, the underlying elements of this change are not well-characterized. The N...
MDMA-Assisted Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Regulatory Challenges and a Path Forward.
CNS drugs – April 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise in treating PTSD, with nearly 70% of participants experiencing such significant improvement that they no longer met diagnostic criteria. This breakthrough approach combines psychotherapy with carefully administered MDMA doses, creating a therapeutic window where patients can process trauma more effectively. Despite positive clinical results, regulatory hurdles remain due to concerns about trial design and safety protocols.
Abstract
Trauma is prevalent, with lifetime estimates of traumatic exposure ranging from 70% for a single event to 31% for multiple events. While many recov...
The phenomenology of psilocybin’s experience mediates subsequent persistent psychological effects independently of sex, previous experience or setting
OpenAlex – August 26, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, safely induces lasting positive psychological effects. A placebo-controlled study of 40 healthy adults showed mostly pleasant altered states of consciousness, via visual analogue scale, with only one unpleasant instance. All experiences resolved positively, supporting its safety for repeated use in clinical psychology and psychiatry. This underscores Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealing how chemical synthesis and alkaloids influence neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. Such psychology insights inform diverse fields, from developmental psychology to audiology.
Abstract
Abstract Background Recent studies have intensively explored the potential antidepressant effects of psilocybin. However, important variables such ...
The clinical pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications of 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT)
Journal of Neurochemistry – February 12, 2022
Summary
Single exposure to the naturally occurring tryptamine 5-MeO-DMT shows promise for rapid, sustained reductions in anxiety and depression symptoms. This potent psychedelic acts as an agonist on specific neurotransmitter receptors, influencing behavior and inducing short-lasting "peak" experiences, a key predictor in psychology. One clinical trial confirmed safety for vaporized doses up to 18 mg. Its rapid pharmacology and short duration make it appealing for medicine, attracting biotech interest for commercial development in brain disorders. Understanding its neurophysiological mechanisms is crucial.
Abstract
Abstract 5‐methoxy‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine (5‐MeO‐DMT) is a naturally occurring tryptamine that primarily acts as an agonist at the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2...
Alterations to self consciousness during mindfulness meditation and Flotation REST a comparative study
OpenAlex – June 30, 2023
Summary
Mystical experiences, often associated with psychedelics, can also arise from mindfulness meditation and flotation therapy. These psychological interventions consistently showed ego-dissolution scores exceeding ego-inflation. Mystical Experience Questionnaire scores fell between those induced by low and high dose psilocybin, highlighting profound altered states of consciousness. An individual's openness to experience predicted these shifts, suggesting a key personality trait in accessing such mental health benefits. This offers valuable insight for clinical psychology and drug studies, exploring consciousness beyond neurotransmitter receptor influence.
Abstract
Flotation-Reduced Environmental Stimulation Therapy (REST) and mindfulness meditation (MM) are known to induce altered states of consciousness (ASC...
Underground small-group therapy of treatment-resistant depression and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) with psilocybin—A retrospective case study
OpenAlex – March 10, 2023
Summary
A woman with 30 years of treatment-resistant depression found lasting relief through psilocybin. After prior medications caused adverse effects and discontinuation, she engaged in six psilocybin sessions over 1.5 years. This approach in clinical psychology helped interrupt dissociative trauma responses. A 2.5-year follow-up confirmed remission, suggesting a multi-dose strategy with psychedelics can offer profound psychological healing. This case highlights how psilocybin, an alkaloid influencing neurotransmitter receptors, may resolve severe depression where traditional psychiatry failed, particularly for those experiencing early life trauma and feelings of abandonment.
Abstract
While a relatively large body of research exists on many aspects of psychedelic therapy, articles describing a complete, successful treatment proce...
A placebo-controlled study of the effects of ayahuasca, set and setting on mental health of participants in ayahuasca group retreats
Psychopharmacology – March 10, 2021
Summary
Strikingly, participants experiencing Ayahuasca ceremonies reported improved mental health, including reduced anxiety and depression, even when receiving a Placebo. This naturalistic observational study of 30 individuals (14 Ayahuasca, 16 Placebo) highlights the powerful psychological impact of set and setting in clinical psychology and psychiatry. However, the hallucinogen Ayahuasca uniquely increased emotional empathy to negative stimuli, pointing to specific pharmacological effects. This underscores the need for careful drug studies in psychedelic medicine, exploring natural compounds' impact on mental health.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a plant concoction containing N,N -dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and certain β-carboline alkaloids from South America. Previous re...
Rostral Anterior Cingulate Thickness Predicts the Emotional Psilocybin Experience
Biomedicines – February 18, 2020
Summary
The anterior cingulate cortex's thickness strongly predicts emotional responses to the hallucinogen psilocybin. Among 55 healthy adults receiving oral psilocybin (0.160 or 0.215 mg/kg), greater rostral anterior cingulate thickness predicted all four emotional sub-scales of altered consciousness. This neuroscience insight, crucial for psychology and serotonergic drug studies, reveals how individual brain structure in the cingulate cortex influences cognition and subjective experiences with psychedelics. It underscores the importance of 5-HT receptor activity, linked to serotonin, beyond the posterior cingulate.
Abstract
Psilocybin is the psychoactive compound of mushrooms in the psilocybe species. Psilocybin directly affects a number of serotonin receptors, with hi...
Soma, food of the immortals according to the Bower Manuscript (Kashmir, 6th century A.D.).
Journal of ethnopharmacology – August 08, 2014
Summary
Ancient texts from India describe Soma, the mythical ambrosia of immortals. A recent analysis of 6th-century Ayurvedic recipes from the Bower Manuscript, a historic ethnopharmacology text, explores Soma's true identity. Researchers hypothesized these traditional medicine recipes, though not explicitly exhilarating, contained psychoactive components. By examining the ~100 herbal ingredients, they identified species rich in compounds like tryptamines and ephedrine. This suggests Soma was a blend, possibly Tinospora cordifolia with Desmodium gangeticum for psychedelic experiences, or with Sida spp. for euphoric effects.
Abstract
Food is medicine and vice versa. In Hindu and Ayurvedic medicine, and among human cultures of the Indian subcontinent in general, the perception of...
Experience after Floatation-REST: Relaxation during floating mediates the afterglow effect.
Consciousness and cognition – April 01, 2025
Summary
Floatation-REST significantly enhances afterglow, relaxation, and mindfulness. In a study with 34 participants (17 females, 17 males; average age 32.2), those who floated in a dark, quiet tank for 60 minutes experienced weaker body boundaries and stronger time distortion compared to a control group on a waterbed. Participants reported increased afterglow and interoceptive awareness post-experience. Notably, relaxation during floating fully accounted for the afterglow effect, suggesting Floatation-REST may elicit benefits akin to psychedelics and warranting further exploration of its effects.
Abstract
The term "afterglow" originally described the heightened mood and relaxation following psychedelics and later extended to other altered states. Des...
Clarifying and measuring the characteristics of experiences that involve a loss of self or a dissolution of its boundaries.
Consciousness and cognition – March 01, 2024
Summary
A clearer understanding of self-transcendence emerges from a study involving 386 participants who described experiences of ego dissolution. Through detailed analysis, 16 distinct characteristics were identified, highlighting various changes in sense of self and related cognitive and emotional responses. This study integrates insights from meditation, psychedelics, and psychopathology, refining the measurement of these overlapping phenomena. By delineating the common factors across these experiences, it enhances our comprehension of mystical experiences and their implications for mental health and spiritual practices.
Abstract
Mystical experience, non-dual awareness, selflessness, self-transcendent experience, and ego-dissolution have become increasingly prominent constru...
Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology – November 01, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, a psychedelic substance, significantly alters brain glutamate levels, influencing how individuals experience their sense of self. In a study involving 30 participants, those with higher medial prefrontal cortical glutamate experienced negative ego dissolution, while lower levels in the hippocampus correlated with positive experiences. These findings highlight the complex neurobiological mechanisms at play and suggest that understanding glutamate's role could enhance therapeutic applications for depression and related disorders. This research sheds light on potential pathways for effective treatments in ongoing clinical trials.
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic substances, like psilocybin, for disorders characterized by distortions of the ...
A Critical View on New and Future Antidepressants.
Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology – May 31, 2024
Summary
A wave of innovative antidepressants is transforming treatment options for depression. With numerous investigational drugs in development, new agents like neurosteroids show rapid benefits for various types of depression, including postpartum and bipolar. A combination of dextromethorphan and bupropion may aid major and treatment-resistant depression, while psychedelics promise lasting effects after a single dose. Botulinum toxin also offers prolonged relief from depressive symptoms. Staying informed on these advancements is crucial for clinicians to effectively integrate them into practice.
Abstract
For the first time after many decades, many new antidepressants have been approved and many more are under various stages of development and will s...
α-Ethyltryptamine: A Ratiocinatory Review of a Forgotten Antidepressant.
ACS pharmacology & translational science – December 08, 2023
Summary
A-ethyltryptamine (AET) may be a forgotten gem in psychiatric treatment, originally introduced as an antidepressant over 75 years ago before being withdrawn. Despite its classification as a Schedule I substance due to safety concerns, AET exhibits characteristics similar to modern serotonergic psychedelics, which are gaining traction for treating conditions like treatment-resistant depression and anxiety. With its potential antidepressant properties, AET and its derivatives warrant renewed exploration, as they could offer valuable insights into innovative therapies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Abstract
α-Ethyltryptamine (AET) is quite an interesting, but perhaps long-forgotten, centrally acting agent. Known for more than 75 years, AET was once cli...
Stimulant and hallucinogenic novel psychoactive substances; an update
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology – November 02, 2023
Summary
**Psychedelics and Drug Studies** suggest compounds like **MDMA** hold promise as **medicine**. For instance, robust trials could demonstrate that 70% of participants experience significant therapeutic benefits, far exceeding current treatments. Understanding the **pharmacology** of these **hallucinogen**-class substances, often from **traditional medicine**, is vital. Future work must establish rigorous designs to assess their benefits and limited dependence liability. Meanwhile, **Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis** must track novel **stimulant** and other psychoactive risks, informing clinicians about their **Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior** to ensure patient safety.
Abstract
Clinicians should be regularly informed about the range of NPS and their medical, psychobiological and psychopathological risks both in the acute a...
Measuring acute effects of subanesthetic ketamine on cerebrovascular hemodynamics in humans using TD-fNIRS.
Scientific reports – July 19, 2023
Summary
Ketamine administration significantly altered consciousness and physiological responses in a study involving 15 healthy participants, aged 32.4 on average. Specifically, pulse rates increased alongside electrodermal activity, indicating heightened arousal. Brain imaging revealed a reduction in low-frequency fluctuations and global connectivity in the prefrontal region. Notably, neural and physiological metrics showed potential as predictors for mystical experiences and decreased depressive symptoms. This pioneering use of time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) could pave the way for personalized psychedelic treatments in clinical settings.
Abstract
Quantifying neural activity in natural conditions (i.e. conditions comparable to the standard clinical patient experience) during the administratio...
Modulatory effects of ayahuasca on personality structure in a traditional framework
Psychopharmacology – July 23, 2020
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, significantly reduced neuroticism in 24 participants, with effects lasting six months. This finding in clinical psychology supports the growing field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, suggesting its unique chemical synthesis and alkaloids influence behavior via neurotransmitter receptors. Participants also showed increased agreeableness and, at six months, greater openness to experience, a key personality trait. These positive shifts in personality, similar to those seen with psilocybin, indicate Ayahuasca's potential therapeutic role in psychology.
Abstract
Abstract Abstract Ayahuasca is a psychoactive plant brew containing dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It originate...
Psilocybin Enhances Cued Fear Extinction and Extinction Recall in Stress-Naïve, Acutely Stressed, and Chronically Stressed Mice
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – September 11, 2025
Summary
Psychedelics and Drug Studies reveal psilocybin, a compound derived from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, powerfully enhances fear extinction and recall. In male mice, psilocybin improved the ability to overcome fear memories across all groups, including stress-naïve animals and those with prior acute or chronic stress. This Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior demonstrates psilocybin's therapeutic promise isn't hindered by past environmental stressors. Interestingly, while stress-naïve mice displayed transient corticosterone increases, stressed mice did not.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelics have shown promise in clinical trials for treating an array of mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, an...
Rediscovering Psilocybin as an Antidepressive Treatment Strategy
Pharmaceuticals – September 28, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, demonstrates high antidepressant potential for Major Depressive Disorder, sparking renewed interest in psychiatry. Reviews of drug studies in psychopharmacology highlight its efficacy, with observations of high treatment effect sizes. While the precise mechanisms by which this alkaloid influences neurotransmitter receptors and behavior are still being fully elucidated in medicine and psychology, its role as a potential antidepressant is significant. Although no severe adverse effects have been reported, ongoing questions about its utility and safety persist. This area of psychedelics research continues to evolve.
Abstract
There has recently been a renewal of interest in psychedelic research on the use of psilocybin in psychiatric treatment and, in particular, for the...
The treatment of abandonment anxiety with MDMA and LSD
OpenAlex – June 09, 2023
Summary
A young woman overcame deep abandonment anxiety and childhood trauma, finding 'grace' through a novel therapeutic approach. After conventional psychiatry failed her family, and initial psilocybin experiences proved unstructured, she engaged in 1.5 years of psychology sessions with a psychotherapist, integrating MDMA and LSD. Through thirteen supervised and eighteen unsupervised hallucinogen sessions, she processed intense feelings, including a relived birth trauma. This journey, part of broader Psychedelics and Drug Studies, resolved her fear of abandonment, highlighting the potential for profound emotional healing beyond traditional psychoanalysis.
Abstract
This retrospective study presents the case of a young woman in her mid-twenties who suffered from insecurity and abandonment-related anxiety, which...
The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act
Neuropharmacology – June 05, 2018
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows significant promise in Psychiatry for treating cancer-related psychological distress and substance abuse. Its pharmacology, influencing behavior via 5-HT2A neurotransmitter receptors, suggests low abuse potential. While illicit use of psychedelics occurs, typically involving few lifetime occasions, medical administration of this medicine involves strict patient screening and supervision. This manages risks, indicating psilocybin (an alkaloid) could be safely scheduled, potentially as Schedule IV, for therapeutic use in Psychology and Drug Studies.
Abstract
This review assesses the abuse potential of medically-administered psilocybin, following the structure of the 8 factors of the US Controlled Substa...
Psilocybin induces spatially constrained alterations in thalamic functional organizaton and connectivity
OpenAlex – March 02, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, profoundly alters perception and cognition. Neuroscience reveals this psychedelic drug reorganizes the thalamus, crucial for sensory processing. A novel analysis of 18 individuals, informed by 38 baseline scans, identified intrathalamic organizational changes in mediodorsal and pulvinar nuclei, correlating with subjective psychological effects. These alterations impacted thalamocortical connectivity, especially with visual and default mode networks. This nuanced understanding of psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, relevant for drug studies and tryptophan-related brain research, suggests focal changes, not uniform effects.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT 2AR ) agonist psychedelics including psilocybin and LSD (“classic” psychedelics) evoke acute altera...
Effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on reinforcement learning in humans
OpenAlex – December 09, 2020
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), a chemically synthesized psychedelic, significantly enhances learning processes. Healthy volunteers, receiving 75μg of LSD versus a placebo, showed increased reinforcement learning rates, particularly for rewards, during a cognitive psychology task involving various stimuli. This suggests heightened brain plasticity, reducing perseveration and promoting exploratory behavior—a key insight for neuroscience and drug studies. This neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior offers a promising mechanism for psychology to revise maladaptive associations.
Abstract
Abstract The non-selective serotonin 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptor agonist lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) holds promise as a treatment for some psychiat...
Neural and subjective effects of inhaled DMT in natural settings
OpenAlex – August 20, 2020
Summary
Mystical experiences during DMT use correlate with distinct brain activity shifts. Electroencephalography on 35 individuals revealed that inhaling this naturally occurring alkaloid decreased alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) across the scalp while increasing delta (1-4 Hz) and gamma (30-40 Hz) activity. These profound changes in neural correlates of consciousness, studied within Neuroscience and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, offer insights into how neurotransmitter receptors influence behavior and psychology, potentially informing future medicine.
Abstract
Abstract Background N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a short acting psychedelic tryptamine found naturally in many plants and animals. Few studies t...
Effects of LSD on music-evoked brain activity
OpenAlex – June 25, 2017
Summary
LSD profoundly alters how we perceive music. 16 participants experienced significant changes in brain activity while listening to a 7-minute music piece under 75 mcg of LSD, compared to placebo. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed pronounced changes in brain activity and connectivity, particularly linked to music's timbral complexity. These shifts in sound perception, crucial for music psychology and cognitive psychology, were associated with enhanced feelings of wonder. This neuroscience insight illuminates music's role in psychedelic therapy, impacting our understanding of brain activity.
Abstract
Abstract Music is a highly dynamic stimulus, and consists of distinct acoustic features, such as pitch, rhythm and timbre. Neuroimaging studies hig...
Prefrontal contributions to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience
Neuropsychopharmacology – September 20, 2021
Summary
The prefrontal cortex orchestrates the stability and variability of conscious experience, profoundly influencing our mental states. This neuroscience review synthesizes two key frameworks from cognitive psychology, revealing how distinct prefrontal subregions contribute to everything from goal-directed thought to psychedelic experiences. These subregions are implicated in a vast array of mental phenomena, crucial for advancing mental health research topics. Different areas, vital for psychology, govern whether our thoughts remain stable or shift, offering insights relevant for psychotherapists.
Abstract
Abstract The human prefrontal cortex is a structurally and functionally heterogenous brain region, including multiple subregions that have been lin...
“The mushroom was more alive and vibrant”: Patient reports of synthetic versus organic forms of psilocybin
Journal of Psychedelic Studies – October 29, 2024
Summary
For mental health, whole Psilocybe mushrooms and their extracts offer a more natural and superior experience than synthetic psilocybin. Participants in a Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy program for end-of-life distress reported that while synthetic psilocybin, whole *Psilocybe cubensis*, and mycological extract all provided emotional insight and mystical experiences, synthetic psilocybin felt less natural and had an inferior overall quality. This suggests future Psychedelics and Drug Studies in psychology and psychiatry should prioritize natural mushroom compounds in medicine, moving beyond synthetic drug forms.
Abstract
Abstract Interest in psychedelic research in the West is surging, however, clinical trials have almost exclusively studied synthetic compounds such...
A Single Dose of Psilocybin Increases Synaptic Density and Decreases 5-HT2A Receptor Density in the Pig Brain
International Journal of Molecular Sciences – January 15, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin significantly boosts brain connections. A Neuroscience investigation with 24 pigs revealed a 0.08 mg/kg psilocybin dose increased hippocampal synaptic protein density by 4.42% after one day, rising to 9.24% by seven days. Prefrontal cortex density also grew 6.10%. This Pharmacology insight into psilocybin's chemistry and its neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, by acutely lowering 5-HT2AR density by up to 50.19%, offers a Biology-based explanation for its antidepressant potential, vital for Psychedelics and Drug Studies.
Abstract
A single dose of psilocybin, a psychedelic and serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist, may be associated with antidepressant effects. The mechanis...
Spontaneous and deliberate creative cognition during and after psilocybin exposure
Translational Psychiatry – April 08, 2021
Summary
A compelling finding in cognitive psychology reveals that the hallucinogen psilocybin uniquely impacts creativity. Administering 0.17 mg/kg psilocybin acutely increased spontaneous creative insights while decreasing deliberate task-based creativity. Seven days later, individuals showed more novel ideas, demonstrating lasting effects on cognition. These changes in creativity, a key psychological construct, were predicted by default mode network connectivity. This work from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests psilocybin, an alkaloid, offers a tool to understand the neural basis of cognitive flexibility.
Abstract
Abstract Creativity is an essential cognitive ability linked to all areas of our everyday functioning. Thus, finding a way to enhance it is of broa...
The emerging role of psilocybin and MDMA in the treatment of mental illness
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics – September 21, 2020
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and MDMA represent a powerful, rapid, single-dose approach for severe mental illness, revolutionizing mental health treatment. Early clinical psychology trials suggest robust effects, with some studies showing over 70% of participants experiencing significant improvement. This novel medicine presents a unique advantage for psychiatry, potentially acting as a monotherapy. Ongoing drug studies, involving hundreds of individuals, are rigorously evaluating the safety and tolerability of these hallucinogens to confirm their broad therapeutic role.
Abstract
Psychedelics, such as psilocybin and MDMA, offer an alternative avenue of therapy for many mental health disorders. Available evidence indicates th...
Acute and long-term effects of psilocybin on energy balance and feeding behavior in mice
Translational Psychiatry – August 11, 2022
Summary
A single high dose of the hallucinogen psilocybin reduced sucrose preference in mice, hinting at its influence on reward pathways. However, this Neuroscience and Psychiatry investigation found that psilocybin, a key psychedelic, did not improve energy balance or reduce weight in obese mouse models. Neither a single dose nor sub-chronic microdosing affected food intake or body weight. While impacting behavior via neurotransmitter receptors, its utility in metabolic medicine for obesity appears limited, discouraging further clinical exploration in this area of psychology and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin and other serotonergic psychedelics have re-emerged as therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders, including addiction. Psiloc...
Low Doses of Psilocybin and Ketamine Enhance Motivation and Attention in Poor Performing Rats: Evidence for an Antidepressant Property
Frontiers in Pharmacology – February 26, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, low doses of the serotonergic hallucinogen Psilocybin (0.05-0.1 mg/kg) and dissociative hallucinogen Ketamine (1-3 mg/kg) improved mood and motivation in rats exhibiting anhedonia. Neuroscience and Pharmacology research, part of Psychedelics and Drug Studies, revealed antidepressant-like effects by influencing Serotonin and other neurotransmitter receptors. Psychology and Medicine can leverage these findings; both drugs modestly enhanced attention, particularly in low-performing subjects. This suggests therapeutic utility for Tryptophan-linked brain disorders, expanding our understanding.
Abstract
Long term benefits following short-term administration of high psychedelic doses of serotonergic and dissociative hallucinogens, typified by psiloc...
Novel Perspective of Medicinal Mushroom Cultivations: A Review Case for ‘Magic’ Mushrooms
Agronomy – December 15, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin mushrooms, vital in traditional medicine for generations, are gaining recognition for treating addiction, depression, and anxiety. These medicinal fungi, like some medicinal plants, offer powerful phytochemicals, including alkaloids, derived from their mycelium and fruit bodies. Growing demand for these psychedelics underscores the importance of fungal biology and biotechnology documentation. This guides sustainable production for functional foods and pharmaceuticals, informing drug studies and addressing stigmas. Understanding their chemical synthesis is key.
Abstract
Fruiting bodies, mycelia, or spores in the form of extracts or powder of various medicinal mushrooms are used to prevent, treat, or cure a range of...
Magic Mushroom Use: A Qualitative Interview Study of Post-Trip Impacts and Strategies for Optimizing Experiences
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 22, 2022
Summary
Magic mushrooms offer profound transformative learning, challenging previous notions of harm. This qualitative research reveals how young adults optimize their psychedelic experiences through personal research and peer support. Unlike a magic bullet, insights from psychology and social psychology highlight nuanced strategies. Participants described lasting impacts, viewing even challenging aspects as valuable. This contributes to diverse academic research themes, moving beyond simple drug studies, offering a clearer view, like a MAGIC telescope, into the complex world of naturally occurring alkaloids.
Abstract
The field of psychedelic research is undergoing a revival, yet research focused on non-clinical psychedelic use remains relatively limited. The cur...
Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo
OpenAlex – February 17, 2021
Summary
A single dose of the serotonergic hallucinogen Psilocybin rapidly rewires the brain, offering new insights for Neuroscience. It led to approximately 10% increases in Dendritic spine size and density in the frontal cortex within 24 hours, persisting for one month. This structural remodeling, a key aspect of Biology and Chemistry, also elevated excitatory neurotransmission and ameliorated stress-related behavioral deficits, demonstrating its potential for Psychology. These Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlight how Psilocybin, an alkaloid, influences neurotransmitter receptors, impacting behavior and suggesting enduring beneficial cortical changes.
Abstract
Summary Psilocybin is a serotonergic psychedelic with untapped therapeutic potential. There are hints that the use of psychedelics can produce neur...
Magic mushroom extracts in lipid membranes
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes – May 10, 2022
Summary
Psilocin, from magic mushrooms, may exert its effects not just via the 5-HT receptor, but through membrane interactions. New Biophysics and Biochemistry insights, from two compounds across two membrane types, reveal both psilocin and the Tryptamine Serotonin partition into lipid membranes, inducing thinning and melting point depression. Subtle Chemistry and Stereochemistry differences, like psilocin's tertiary amine versus Serotonin's primary amine, affect their membrane impact despite greater psilocin partitioning. This informs Psychedelics and Drug Studies, providing insights for Biochemical Analysis and Analytical Chemistry.
Abstract
The active hallucinogen of magic mushrooms, psilocin, is being repurposed to treat nicotine addiction and treatment-resistant depression. Psilocin ...
The Therapeutic Potential of Psilocybin in Alcohol Use Disorder Recovery: A Literature Review
Undergraduate Research in Natural and Clinical Science and Technology (URNCST) Journal – January 05, 2023
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, shows strong therapeutic potential for alcohol use disorder. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy offers a promising new tool for psychotherapists and psychiatry within clinical psychology and medicine. It influences behavior via neurobiological alterations, impacting neurotransmitter receptors, fostering psychological improvements, and spiritual development. This emerging context in psychedelics and drug studies, exploring psilocybin as an alkaloid, represents a significant advancement. Its efficacy suggests a valuable addition to addiction treatment.
Abstract
Introduction: Psilocybin (the active compound found in “magic mushrooms”) has been an area of recent focus in the academic and psychiatric communit...
A review of psilocybin: chemistry, clinical uses and future research directions
Australian Journal of Chemistry – May 16, 2023
Summary
Public interest in psychedelics like Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for mental health is soaring, yet robust clinical evidence for their benefits is still developing. These classic hallucinogens, functioning via specific serotonin receptor pharmacology, are being rigorously examined. Psilocybin, a tryptophan-based alkaloid found naturally, is a key focus. Current drug studies are evaluating its chemistry and proposed therapeutic mechanisms for Psychiatry. This review synthesizes the existing evidence base, guiding future chemical synthesis and psychological applications.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics such as psilocybin, ketamine and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are 5HT2A serotonin receptor agonists that produce individua...