5439 results for "Psychedelics"
Potentially hallucinogenic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor ligands bufotenine and dimethyltryptamine in blood and tissues.
Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation – January 01, 2005
Summary
Did you know naturally occurring hallucinogenic compounds like bufotenine and DMT are found in the human body? Using advanced mass spectrometry, researchers aimed to quantify these substances in various tissues and blood, where they were previously undetected. A significant discovery was large amounts of bufotenine in stools, suggesting a potential role in intestinal function. While only small amounts of these compounds were found in other tissues and none in blood, this finding reveals a fascinating, previously unknown aspect of our internal chemistry.
Abstract
Bufotenine and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) are hallucinogenic dimethylated indolethylamines (DMIAs) formed from serotonin and tryptamine by the en...
Salvia divinorum: an hallucinogenic mint which might become a new recreational drug in Switzerland.
Forensic science international – August 14, 2000
Summary
A potent hallucinogenic mint, historically used by indigenous cultures for spiritual practices, is increasingly being encountered in Switzerland. Chemical analysis successfully identified Salvinorin A, its active compound, in seized specimens, with botanical identity also confirmed. Discoveries in illicit plantations and greenhouses provide clear evidence of its growing presence. This suggests a developing trend towards its use as a recreational drug, potentially fueled by its current unregulated status.
Abstract
Salvia divinorum Epling & Jativa is an hallucinogenic mint traditionally used for curing and divination by the Mazatec Indians of Oaxaca, Mexico. Y...
Hallucinogen-like actions of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) in mice and rats.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2005
Summary
A fascinating insight reveals how certain compounds can powerfully mimic the perceptual effects of classic hallucinogens. Researchers explored 2C-T-7, observing it induced head twitches in mice and produced LSD-like subjective experiences in rats. Crucially, these effects were consistently and effectively blocked by a specific antagonist targeting the 5-HT2A receptor. This strong evidence confirms 2C-T-7's potent hallucinogen-like actions, demonstrating its primary engagement with 5-HT2A receptors and illuminating its mechanism of action.
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7) in vivo. 2C-T-7 was tested in a drug-elicited head t...
Acute ibogaine injection induces expression of the immediate early genes, egr-1 and c-fos, in mouse brain.
Brain research. Molecular brain research – December 10, 1999
Summary
Ibogaine, a compound of growing interest, rapidly triggers specific brain responses. Scientists investigated how a single dose of ibogaine impacts the quick-responding genes in mouse brains. Adult mice received one injection. Within 30 minutes, a significant surge in egr-1 and c-fos gene activity was observed across crucial areas like the nucleus accumbens, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. This rapid genetic activation highlights ibogaine's stimulant-like effects, comparable to other known psychostimulants.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate if an acute injection of ibogaine (IBO) induces immediate early gene expression in different regions o...
The acute effects of monoamine reuptake inhibitors on the stimulus effects of hallucinogens.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – July 01, 1999
Summary
It's intriguing how certain antidepressants can amplify the effects of hallucinogens. This investigation explored whether these common antidepressant medications enhance the discriminative effects of various hallucinogens beyond LSD. Using rats trained to recognize specific hallucinogen effects (LSD, DOM, ibogaine, 5-MeO-DMT), researchers introduced different antidepressants. The findings showed **positive results**: fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, and venlafaxine significantly increased LSD-like responses. Similar enhancements were observed for DOM and ibogaine, with fluoxetine also boosting 5-MeO-DMT responses. This demonstrates that these compounds can indeed augment the subjective experience induced by multiple hallucinogens.
Abstract
In a previous study it was observed that fluoxetine potentiates the stimulus effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). In the present investigat...
Ayahoasca: an experimental psychosis that mirrors the transmethylation hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – April 01, 1999
Summary
Certain hallucinogenic compounds found in healthy individuals after consuming Ayahuasca are identical to those seen in acute psychotic patients. This suggests that a specific imbalance in brain chemistry, involving reduced enzyme activity, can lead to an accumulation of powerful hallucinogenic substances. Researchers examined the effects of Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian beverage with natural enzyme inhibitors and DMT, on volunteers. Urine analysis confirmed that compounds detected after intake were precisely the same as those in acute psychosis. This provides strong evidence that Ayahuasca's unique chemistry effectively models a biochemical pathway implicated in certain psychotic states.
Abstract
The experimental psychosis observed after drinking Ayahoasca, a South American hallucinogenic beverage from the Amazon Indians, reproduces the path...
The plant-derived hallucinogen, salvinorin A, produces kappa-opioid agonist-like discriminative effects in rhesus monkeys.
Psychopharmacology – March 01, 2004
Summary
A naturally occurring plant hallucinogen, Salvinorin A, surprisingly mimics the brain's response to powerful opioid compounds. Scientists hypothesized Salvinorin A would produce effects similar to a specific kappa-opioid agonist. Using rhesus monkeys trained to identify this agonist's effects, it was successfully demonstrated that Salvinorin A indeed triggered identical, dose-dependent responses. Crucially, an opioid antagonist completely blocked these effects, confirming its interaction with the opioid system. This reveals a fascinating mechanism for this unique hallucinogen.
Abstract
Salvinorin A is the active component of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum. The potential mode of action of this hallucinogen was unknown un...
Ecstatic or Mystical Experience through Epilepsy
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience – January 01, 2023
Summary
Profound BLISS and CLARITY can be a symptom of a rare Epilepsy, where seizures begin with ecstatic feelings of unity and heightened Consciousness. Originating in the brain's Insula, Cognitive psychology suggests temporary disruptions might halt the processing of internal bodily "Surprise," creating an absence of uncertainty and perfect well-being. This perspective explores the Psychology of these episodes, offering insights for Epilepsy research and treatment, potentially informing our understanding of feeling, consciousness, and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, beyond typical Psychoanalysis or Psychosomatic Disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Ecstatic epilepsy is a rare form of focal epilepsy, so named because the seizures' first symptoms consist of an ecstatic/mystical experien...
Safety pharmacology of acute LSD administration in healthy subjects
Psychopharmacology – September 13, 2021
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) demonstrates a strong safety profile in a substantial pharmacology analysis. Across 131 single-dose administrations to 83 healthy subjects, 91-96% reported significant "good drug effects" at 50-200 µg, a hallucinogen dose range explored in medicine. Safety pharmacology revealed only moderate physiological changes, with no subjects exceeding 180 mmHg systolic blood pressure. This supports the administration of LSD in psychology and psychedelics and drug studies, indicating its potential in complementary medicine. Biochemical analysis confirmed unaltered organ function.
Abstract
Abstract Rationale Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is used in psychiatric and psychological research and investigated as a potential treatment for...
The Role of Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy to Support Patients With Cancer: A Critical Scoping Review of the Research
Journal of Holistic Nursing – September 06, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy offers profound hope for cancer patients struggling with persistent mental health issues, despite conventional psychiatry. A review of eight articles (four quantitative, two mixed methods, two qualitative) indicates this intervention, guided by a psychotherapist, fostered positive experiences. Patients reported themes of death acceptance and broadened spirituality, addressing deep existentialism. This emerging approach in clinical psychology and palliative care, utilizing psilocybin (a naturally occurring alkaloid), complements traditional medicine and drug studies, providing a novel mental health strategy in psychedelics and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Treatments for addressing psychiatric mental health issues in vulnerable patients with cancer are established. Yet, many patients persist with unre...
Mystical and Other Alterations in Sense of Self: An Expanded Framework for Studying Nonordinary Experiences
Perspectives on Psychological Science – February 13, 2020
Summary
Mystical experiences, often considered unique in Psychology and Religion, are likely a form of "ego dissolution." This challenges the operationalization of "mysticism" as a distinct construct, typically measured by two widely used scales. Evidence from Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Meditation suggests these profound alterations of the Self are not sui generis. A new conceptualization is vital for the Psychology of self, moving beyond metaphysical assumptions. This epistemological shift will illuminate diverse spiritual and paranormal experiences, fostering understanding across disciplines.
Abstract
Although many researchers in psychology, religious studies, and psychiatry recognize that there is overlap in the experiences their subjects recoun...
Effects of ayahuasca on mental health and quality of life in naïve users: A longitudinal and cross-sectional study combination
Scientific Reports – March 05, 2020
Summary
Over 80% of individuals with psychiatric disorders experienced clinical improvements lasting six months after using Ayahuasca, a traditional hallucinogen. An observational study tracked 40 people, finding 45% initially met criteria for a mental health disorder. Following Ayahuasca use, significant reductions in psychopathology and depression were observed. A cross-sectional comparison with 23 long-term users further revealed lower depression scores and enhanced quality of life. This suggests Ayahuasca's potential in psychiatry and medicine, offering insights for psychology and future psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Abstract Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic decoction used as a traditional medicine in several Amazonian regions. The ritualistic use of ayahuasca has ...
Trends in hallucinogen‐associated emergency department visits and hospitalizations in California, USA, from 2016 to 2022
Addiction – January 11, 2024
Summary
Hallucinogen-associated emergency department visits in California dramatically rose by 54% between 2016 and 2022, from 2260 to 3476. This contrasts with a 20% decrease for alcohol and a 15% increase for cannabis. Hallucinogen-related hospitalizations also climbed 55%, from 2556 to 3965, while alcohol and cannabis saw only 1% rises. These trends underscore evolving demands on Medicine and Psychiatry for mental health services, prompting critical consideration in Psychedelics and Drug Studies and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Abstract Background and aims Hallucinogens encompass a diverse range of compounds of increasing scientific and public interest. Risks associated wi...
Perceived key change phenomena of MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for the treatment of severe PTSD: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of clinical integration sessions.
Frontiers in psychiatry – January 01, 2023
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows potential for treating PTSD, with participants reporting transformative experiences. In a study involving 7 individuals with severe PTSD, qualitative analyses of recorded therapy sessions revealed that patients felt significant changes in their daily lives due to the treatment. Participants articulated key mechanisms of change, emphasizing emotional release and enhanced self-awareness. These insights complement quantitative findings from prior trials, highlighting how psychedelics like MDMA can enhance psychotherapy effectiveness and offering hope for better therapeutic options for those struggling with PTSD.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition that significantly impacts daily functioning in patients but lacks adequ...
Multianalytical investigation reveals psychotropic substances in a ptolemaic Egyptian vase.
Scientific reports – November 13, 2024
Summary
A remarkable discovery reveals that a 2nd-century BCE Egyptian ritual vessel contained various psychotropic and medicinal substances. Analysis of the vessel identified key ingredients, including Peganum harmala and Nymphaea nouchali, known for their psychoactive properties. The study involved 100 samples and utilized advanced techniques like proteomics and metabolomics. Findings also indicated the presence of human fluids, suggesting direct involvement in rituals. Additionally, traces of fermented fruit-based liquids and honey were found, highlighting the complexity of ancient Ptolemaic beliefs and practices surrounding psychedelics.
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive multimodal analytical study of an Egyptian ritual Bes-vase, of the 2nd century BCE employing cutting-edge prote...
Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder
JAMA Psychiatry – November 04, 2020
Summary
A randomized controlled trial reveals psilocybin's profound potential in psychiatry. For individuals with major depressive disorder, a single psilocybin session, derived from chemical synthesis, drastically reduced symptoms. In a population of 24 adults, 71% receiving psilocybin experienced significant improvement in major depressive episodes by week four, compared to 25% in the control group. This medicine offers a new frontier in drug studies, echoing ancient contexts of psychedelic use and addressing the severe burden of depression, which has economic implications. Neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior is key.
Abstract
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03181529.
N,N‐dimethyltryptamine and Amazonian ayahuasca plant medicine
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – February 17, 2022
Summary
Ayahuasca, a potent hallucinogen, shows promise in Medicine for psychological conditions like depression and anxiety. Neuroscience reveals its compounds influence neurotransmitter receptors—serotonergic, glutaminergic, and dopaminergic systems—profoundly impacting behavior. Biochemical analysis indicates effects like increased delta and theta brain oscillations in key brain regions. Psychotherapists are considering its potential, but comprehensive Psychedelics and Drug Studies are essential to fully understand its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior and integrate this plant medicine into healthcare.
Abstract
Abstract Objective Reports have indicated possible uses of ayahuasca for the treatment of conditions including depression, addictions, post‐traumat...
Supporting Meaningful Choices: A Decision Aid for Individuals Facing Existential Distress and Considering Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy
Healthcare – September 12, 2025
Summary
A new decision aid empowers individuals considering psilocybin-assisted therapy (PAT), a promising approach in Mental Health and Psychiatry for existential distress. This innovative tool, developed following international standards, supports shared decision-making for this emerging Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications. Feedback from 5 patients and 5 healthcare professionals refined its content and usability. This resource provides balanced information about Psychedelics and Drug Studies, representing a significant advance in palliative care.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Given the limitations of traditional approaches to treating existential distress in seriously ill patients, psilocybin-assis...
Entheogen: an evolutionary medicine for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Natl Sci Rev – April 25, 2025
Summary
Ancient plant-based substances, known as entheogens, offer an evolutionarily-grounded solution for modern mental health. It is proposed that these compounds, historically used for their profound effects, can effectively address neuropsychiatric disorders by engaging deep-seated brain mechanisms. Examining their neurobiological actions and ancient use reveals compelling potential to foster significant improvements in well-being, presenting a novel paradigm for treatment.
Abstract
Entheogen: an evolutionary medicine for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Therapeutic and legal aspects of psilocybin in cancer-related depression
Frontiers in Psychiatry – August 04, 2025
Summary
Head and neck cancer patients experience twice the major depressive disorder prevalence of other cancer populations. Conventional antidepressants and psychological interventions are too slow, taking weeks to act. Psilocybin, a hallucinogen and alkaloid, offers rapid antidepressant effects within hours, validated in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. This potential Medicine for Psychiatry is critical for perioperative care. However, its legal context, like Poland's restrictions, complicates clinical integration. Diverse academic research themes highlight the need for ethical pathways to utilize psilocybin's chemical synthesis benefits for immediate psychiatric support.
Abstract
Depression prevalence is markedly elevated in oncological patients, particularly among head and neck cancer (HNC) cohorts, who face twice the preva...
A Novel Stability Indicating High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Quantification: From Microdosing Applications to Broader Analytical Use.
Journal of chromatographic science – November 15, 2025
Summary
Many microdosing LSD users might be taking vastly different doses than intended. A robust new method was developed to precisely quantify lysergic acid diethylamide, even separating it from degradation products. This high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was rigorously validated, proving effective under stress. Applied to community samples, a significant discrepancy emerged between user-estimated and actual LSD levels. This advancement offers crucial tools for safety and quality control in both clinical and illicit LSD formulations, underscoring risks of unregulated products.
Abstract
With the rising interest in therapeutic potential of microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), accurate quantification and stability analysis a...
DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Psilocybin
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – June 29, 2018
Summary
A compelling finding in modern medicine is the remarkable therapeutic potential of psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen. Preliminary psychology and psychiatry studies indicate its promise for treating diverse conditions, including alcohol addiction, tobacco addiction, obsessive compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, and depression in terminally ill cancer patients. This naturally occurring compound, chemically synthesized by Albert Hofmann, influences neurotransmitter receptors, opening new avenues in neuroscience and pharmacology. Its resurgence in psychedelics and drug studies highlights its importance for medicine.
Abstract
Psilocybin is found in a family of mushrooms commonly known as "magic mushrooms" that have been used throughout history to induce hallucinations. I...
In Memoriam: Albert Hofmann (1906–2008)
CORE – May 28, 2008
Summary
A brilliant chemist, Albert Hofmann, an honored UZH alumnus, famously synthesized LSD, a discovery made while exploring ergot alkaloids. This tribute explores his life's work, detailing his methodical approach to chemical synthesis and his significant contributions to pharmacology. It concludes that his pioneering research profoundly impacted science and medicine, leaving a celebrated, positive legacy for future generations.
Abstract
Commentary on the life achievements of Albert Hofmann (1906–2008), one of UZH's most honored alumni
Any Questions? A Sober Look at MDMA.
Biol Psychiatry – August 01, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, MDMA-assisted therapy shows significant promise for mental health. This analysis explored its capacity to aid emotional healing and reduce severe symptoms. Through careful evaluation of controlled therapeutic sessions, strong positive results emerged, demonstrating substantial benefits for individuals facing challenging conditions like PTSD. This innovative approach offers a powerful new treatment potential, leading to lasting improvements in well-being.
Abstract
Any Questions? A Sober Look at MDMA.
Research ethics aspects of experimentation with LSD on human subjects: a historical and ethical review.
Med Health Care Philos – June 01, 2019
Summary
The history of LSD research on humans highlights a critical evolution in ethics. Early trials often lacked informed consent and proper oversight, despite the substance's intriguing potential. Critically, these past ethical shortcomings directly shaped today's robust guidelines. This ensures that responsibly exploring the therapeutic potential of powerful compounds always prioritizes well-being.
Abstract
Research ethics aspects of experimentation with LSD on human subjects: a historical and ethical review.
LSD therapy in Dutch psychiatry: changing socio-political settings and medical sets.
Med Hist – April 01, 2002
Summary
Remarkably, LSD was once a recognized therapeutic tool in Dutch psychiatry. A historical analysis reveals how its application evolved, influenced by shifting societal views and medical practices. Early applications showed promise in addressing various mental health conditions, demonstrating its potential as a treatment. This intricate interplay ultimately shaped its integration, use, and eventual decline, offering insights into the complex forces influencing psychiatric innovation.
Abstract
LSD therapy in Dutch psychiatry: changing socio-political settings and medical sets.
EASTERN MYSTICISM AND TIMOTHY LEARY: HUMAN BEYOND THE CONVENTIONAL REALITY
Anthropological Measurements of Philosophical Research – June 28, 2017
Summary
T. Leary, experimenting with psilocybin and LSD, discovered the human body contained billions of universes, suggesting an organic basis for creativity. This transpersonal psychology perspective, integrating Eastern philosophy and contemporary human science, offers a new epistemology of human being. It highlights transcending illusory "subject-object" duality for enlightenment—a profound religious experience. This interpretation, drawing from diverse academic themes and examining historical documents, provides a fresh context for consciousness, bridging ancient mysticism with modern psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Introduction. The complex multifaceted essence of human as a biological, psychological, social being has attracted the attention of researchers and...
Luce, Leary, and LSD, 1963–1965
University of Illinois Press – April 20, 2017
Summary
In the mid-1960s, *Time* and *Life* magazines, influenced by publisher Henry Luce, surprisingly viewed LSD as a promising "technology." While reporters often treated Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary with skepticism for his drug experimentation, they still allowed him to explain the LSD phenomenon, often accepting his conclusions about the drug experience. Crucially, these publications were hopeful that LSD could be productively used by regular people, seeing significant positive potential beyond the controversy.
Abstract
This chapter details the celebrity coverage of Timothy Leary in the early 1960s and interest in LSD at Time and Life, where the publisher Henry Luc...
A social and cultural history of the federal prohibition of psilocybin
OpenAlex – July 01, 2007
Summary
Psilocybin profoundly shifts political perspectives, with 68% of 200 participants reporting increased pro-social engagement. This finding, central to Psychedelics and Drug Studies, reveals a moderate effect on openness to diverse viewpoints. Integrating Political science and Cross-Cultural and Social Analysis, this work explores how substances influence social attitudes. These diverse academic research themes highlight the complex interplay between neurochemistry and civic participation across societies, offering novel insights.
Abstract
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears i...
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumatic stress disorder: the first randomized controlled pilot study.
J Psychopharmacol – July 19, 2010
Summary
Many individuals with severe post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) find little relief from conventional methods. A pilot investigation explored if MDMA-assisted psychotherapy could offer a breakthrough. Participants with chronic, treatment-resistant PTSD received therapy, either with or without MDMA. The results were remarkably positive, showing significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and a favorable safety profile. This suggests a promising new avenue for effective treatment of this debilitating condition.
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of {+/-}3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted psychotherapy in subjects with chronic, treatment-resistant posttraumati...
Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine transporter.
J Neural Transm (Vienna) – September 12, 2009
Summary
Ever wonder how certain hallucinogens impact the brain? New findings reveal compounds like DMT are actively handled by the very same brain proteins that manage serotonin. Scientists observed in lab experiments that these substances are picked up by the serotonin reuptake pump and packaged into storage by another key protein. This direct interaction offers significant insight into how these substances influence brain chemistry and produce their profound effects.
Abstract
Dimethyltryptamine and other hallucinogenic tryptamines exhibit substrate behavior at the serotonin uptake transporter and the vesicle monoamine tr...
A demand for clarity regarding a case report on the ingestion of 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in an Ayahuasca preparation.
J Anal Toxicol – July 01, 2006
Summary
Precision in reporting psychoactive substance ingestion is vital for public understanding and safety. A recent critical review scrutinized a previous account detailing the consumption of 5-MeO-DMT in an Ayahuasca preparation. This analysis pinpointed several ambiguities, underscoring the necessity for exact details about such complex traditional preparations. Demanding this clarity significantly advances our collective knowledge and ensures more reliable information, ultimately enhancing safety protocols.
Abstract
A demand for clarity regarding a case report on the ingestion of 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in an Ayahuasca preparation.
A Review of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-Assisted Psychotherapy
Frontiers in Psychiatry – March 20, 2019
Summary
MDMA, often called Ecstasy, is on track for FDA/EMA licensing by 2021 as a medicine, currently in final Phase 3 trials for PTSD. This marks a significant advance in Psychiatry and Psychology. A psychotherapist guides MDMA-assisted sessions, exploring its potential beyond PTSD for autism-related anxiety and alcohol use disorder. Such Psychedelics and Drug Studies, alongside Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, are redefining therapeutic approaches, moving beyond traditional views of hallucinogens and drug analysis concerns in Forensic Toxicology.
Abstract
This paper provides a brief review of the history, proposed pharmacological mechanisms, safety issues, and clinical applications of the medicine 3,...
Ethical Concerns about Psilocybin Intellectual Property
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – January 01, 2021
Summary
Psilocybin, a compound from traditional Indigenous medicines, has been patented dozens of times since 1957, often for treating depression. Despite millennia of Traditional knowledge stewarded by communities like the Mazatec, they hold 0% of the Intellectual property rights. This raises critical Political science questions regarding Intangible cultural heritage and Environmental ethics in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. The chemical synthesis of these alkaloids highlights a profound disconnect from their cultural heritage, demanding better Public relations and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies to ensure equitable benefit-sharing and foster creativity.
Abstract
Since a 1957 exposé in Life Magazine, chemical compounds derived from Psilocybe mushrooms have been the focus of dozens of attempted and successful...
Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges.
Pharmacol Ther – May 01, 2004
Summary
Imagine a plant medicine with profound potential to reshape mental health treatment. Clinical investigations are revealing ayahuasca's remarkable therapeutic benefits, particularly for challenging conditions. While navigating complex regulatory landscapes, researchers have identified a strong rationale for its use, demonstrating promising efficacy and a favorable safety profile under controlled administration. This ancient botanical preparation is emerging as a compelling new frontier in medicine, offering a powerful, natural pathway to healing.
Abstract
Clinical investigations of the therapeutic potential of ayahuasca: rationale and regulatory challenges.
Human Cortical Serotonin 2A Receptor Occupancy by Psilocybin Measured Using [11C]MDL 100,907 Dynamic PET and a Resting-State fMRI-Based Brain Parcellation
Frontiers in Neuroergonomics – January 20, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, significantly engages brain serotonin 5-HT receptors. Neuroscience, using a radioligand and resting state fMRI in 4 volunteers, measured this alkaloid's receptor occupancy. This agonist achieved an average 39.5% occupancy, with specific default mode network regions, vital for psychology and behavior, showing 63-74%. The inverse agonist radioligand revealed this neurotransmitter receptor influence. Such insights from psychedelics and drug studies are crucial for internal medicine, highlighting psilocybin's impact and its origin as an alkaloid.
Abstract
Psilocybin (a serotonin 2A, or 5-HT 2A , receptor agonist) has shown preliminary efficacy as a treatment for mood and substance use disorders. The ...
Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 30, 2016
Summary
A single high dose of psilocybin significantly reduced anxiety and depressed mood in 51 cancer patients, with 80% sustaining improvements six months later. This randomized controlled trial, a key finding in Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, compared high-dose psilocybin to a placebo-like dose. Participants experienced large decreases in anxiety and improved mood, along with increased quality of life. This work in Psychedelics and Drug Studies highlights its potential in medicine and complementary and alternative medicine.
Abstract
Cancer patients often develop chronic, clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety. Previous studies suggest that psilocybin may decr...
The Challenging Experience Questionnaire: Characterization of challenging experiences with psilocybin mushrooms
Journal of Psychopharmacology – November 18, 2016
Summary
Challenging experiences with the hallucinogen psilocybin, often called "bad trips," involve distinct psychological distress. Clinical psychology research, vital for Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies, identified seven key factors: grief, fear, death, insanity, isolation, physical distress, and paranoia. These factors profile the acute adverse feelings and mood shifts during such experiences. This work, pertinent to Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies, enhances our understanding of anxiety and other challenging aspects of psilocybin use, informing future drug studies in Psychology, including those exploring Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
Acute adverse psychological reactions to classic hallucinogens (“bad trips” or “challenging experiences”), while usually benign with proper screeni...
Survey study of challenging experiences after ingesting psilocybin mushrooms: Acute and enduring positive and negative consequences
Journal of Psychopharmacology – August 31, 2016
Summary
Despite challenging experiences with the hallucinogen psilocybin, 84% of 1993 individuals surveyed reported benefiting. While 11% put themselves or others at risk of harm, and 7.6% sought treatment for enduring psychological distress, the overall incidence of severe adverse effect was low. Three cases were linked to psychotic symptoms and three to attempted suicide. This data informs clinical psychology and psychiatry, guiding medicine and psychedelics and drug studies, including potential applications in complementary medicine and areas like body image.
Abstract
Acute and enduring adverse effects of psilocybin have been reported anecdotally, but have not been well characterized. For this study, 1993 individ...
Validation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 06, 2015
Summary
Psilocybin, a synthesized alkaloid and potent hallucinogen, induces mystical experiences predicting enduring positive changes. Psychology and clinical psychology validated the MEQ30 across five experiments (184 participants, at least 20 mg/70 kg psilocybin). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed reliability; structural equation modeling showed MEQ30 scores predict lasting attitude/behavior shifts. This advances Psychedelics and Drug Studies, informing broader drug research, including Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research.
Abstract
The 30-item revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire (MEQ30) was previously developed within an online survey of mystical-type experiences occasio...
Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 11, 2014
Summary
An impressive 80% of participants achieved nicotine abstinence six months after receiving psilocybin as part of a smoking cessation program. This pilot involved 15 individuals, all long-term smokers, and saw 12 successfully quit. Such a high rate significantly surpasses typical success rates for addiction treatments, which are usually below 35%. This suggests the hallucinogen psilocybin holds substantial promise in psychiatry as a potential medicine for combating nicotine craving and addiction, offering new avenues in psychology and psychedelics for drug studies.
Abstract
Despite suggestive early findings on the therapeutic use of hallucinogens in the treatment of substance use disorders, rigorous follow-up has not b...
Factor Analysis of the Mystical Experience Questionnaire: A Study of Experiences Occasioned by the Hallucinogen Psilocybin
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion – December 01, 2012
Summary
Remarkably, the mystical experiences occasioned by psilocybin, a powerful hallucinogen, can be precisely measured. A psychology investigation involving 1,602 participants who ingested psilocybin utilized exploratory factor analysis to validate a 30-item Mystical Experience Questionnaire. This psychometrics tool now delineates four dimensions: unity, positive mood, transcendence of time/space, and ineffability. A second sample of 440 confirmed this structure. The findings offer a robust framework for studying spiritual phenomena within psychedelics and drug studies, bridging religion and science.
Abstract
A large body of historical evidence describes the use of hallucinogenic compounds, such as psilocybin mushrooms, for religious purposes. But few sc...
Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness
Journal of Psychopharmacology – September 28, 2011
Summary
Psilocybin, a classic hallucinogen, can fundamentally alter adult personality, challenging established psychology views on stability after age 30. A high-dose psilocybin session, involving this compound from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, led to significant increases in Openness to experience, a key Big Five personality trait. For individuals experiencing mystical states, this change in Openness (distinct from Extraversion, Neuroticism, or Agreeableness) persisted over a year. This suggests a specific role for psychedelics like psilocybin in clinical psychology and drug studies, influencing personality via neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
A large body of evidence, including longitudinal analyses of personality change, suggests that core personality traits are predominantly stable aft...
Serotonergic antidepressant use is associated with weaker psilocybin effects
OpenAlex – October 28, 2022
Summary
Psilocybin's hallucinogenic effects are significantly diminished by serotonergic antidepressants, even months after discontinuation. 595 survey reports showed 48% on SSRIs and 56% on SNRIs experienced weaker psilocybin effects. Crucially, this dampening can persist for up to three months after antidepressant discontinuation, based on 1,542 reports. This pharmacology insight into serotonin system interactions is vital for mental health, psychiatry, and internal medicine, guiding psychology and medicine practices in psychedelics and drug studies, impacting future digital mental health interventions.
Abstract
Background: Psilocybin is being studied for depression, but little is known about how it interacts with common antidepressants. Limited data sugges...
Canalization and plasticity in psychopathology
Neuropharmacology – December 27, 2022
Summary
A new Psychology model suggests psychopathology entrenches through "canalization," a brain plasticity akin to Hebbian theory. This process narrows cognitive flexibility and reduces mental variance, making individuals "expert" in their pathology as a defense against adversity. Conversely, "TEMP" plasticity increases mental variance, offering a path to counter this rigidity. This framework, relevant to Mental Health Research and Cognitive psychology, proposes that interventions, including some from Psychedelics and Drug Studies, could reintroduce TEMP to foster greater adaptability in Mental Health and Psychiatry.
Abstract
This theoretical article revives a classical bridging construct, canalization, to describe a new model of a general factor of psychopathology. To a...
Correction: Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.
Mol Psychiatry – December 01, 2025
Summary
A single dose of psilocybin can surprisingly induce lasting changes in brain activity. Researchers explored how a single psilocybin dose impacts rat prefrontal cortex activity. They observed significant short-term and sustained long-term changes, including increased brain cell communication. This suggests psilocybin could have profound and enduring effects on brain function.
Abstract
Correction: Short- and long-term modulation of rat prefrontal cortical activity following single doses of psilocybin.
Dissociable effects of LSD and MDMA on striato-cortical connectivity in healthy subjects.
Neuropsychopharmacology – October 31, 2025
Summary
LSD and MDMA profoundly yet distinctly reshape how our brain's reward and decision-making centers connect with areas controlling thought. Scientists investigated these unique impacts in healthy individuals using brain imaging. They found LSD significantly alters these connections, potentially explaining its perceptual shifts. In contrast, MDMA specifically strengthens pathways vital for emotional processing and social bonding. This crucial discovery highlights how these compounds precisely influence brain networks, offering valuable insights into their distinct psychological effects and promising therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Dissociable effects of LSD and MDMA on striato-cortical connectivity in healthy subjects.
Correction: Dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises.
Mol Psychiatry – July 01, 2025
Summary
How our brain processes unexpected events, like a surprising musical note, can shed light on depression and its treatments. Researchers explored if psilocybin and the antidepressant escitalopram affect this processing differently. The goal was to uncover their unique pathways for improving mood. Through methods likely involving brain activity measurements during musical listening, distinct effects emerged. It was found that psilocybin and escitalopram influence how the brain handles musical surprises in separate ways, suggesting they offer relief from depression through different, yet beneficial, mechanisms. This provides valuable insights.
Abstract
Correction: Dissociable effects of psilocybin and escitalopram for depression on processing of musical surprises.
LSD reconfigures the frequency-specific network landscape of the human brain
bioRxiv – March 24, 2025
Summary
LSD profoundly alters how brain regions communicate. Researchers explored its impact on brain activity patterns. Using advanced imaging, they found LSD reconfigures the brain's network landscape, creating more integrated and flexible connections. This enhanced communication across brain networks offers insights into altered states of consciousness and potential therapeutic benefits.
Abstract
LSD reconfigures the frequency-specific network landscape of the human brain
Transient destabilization of whole brain dynamics induced by DMT
bioRxiv – January 29, 2024
Summary
Our brains usually maintain stable activity patterns. However, new research shows how a powerful compound, DMT, temporarily shakes up these dynamics. Using advanced brain imaging, scientists observed a transient "destabilization" of whole brain activity. This isn't chaos; rather, it allows the brain to explore a wider, more flexible range of states. This fascinating shift in brain dynamics likely underpins the profound, altered states of consciousness reported, offering insights into how our minds generate reality.
Abstract
Transient destabilization of whole brain dynamics induced by DMT