Journal of ethnopharmacology
June 30, 2006
Christian Moretti, Yvan Gaillard, Pierre Grenand et al.
32 citations
The hallucinogenic potion takini, used by shamans in Suriname, French Guiana, and eastern Brazil, comes from the latex of the Brosimum acutifolium tree. Chemical and botanical analysis reveals that its active ingredient is bufotenine, a psychoactive compound. This compound occurs only in the subspecies Brosimum acutifolium Huber subsp. acutifolium C.C. Berg, which grows in the eastern Guianas. The finding explains why the tree's psychotropic properties seemed inconsistent with its broader medicinal uses in surrounding regions.
Journal of forensic sciences
November 1, 2013
Cédric Mazoyer, Jérémy Carlier, Alexandra Boucher et al.
26 citations
A man died twelve hours after ingesting powdered iboga root, a substance taken for its stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. Ibogaine and ibogamine were measured in the powder and the victim's body fluids using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ibogaine concentrations in blood samples taken at the scene, peripheral blood, urine, and gastric fluid were 0.65, 1.27, 1.7, and 53.5 μg/mL, respectively; the powder contained 7.2% iboga. Diazepam and methadone were also present at therapeutic concentrations. Death was attributed to ingestion of a substantial quantity of iboga combined with methadone and diazepam.
Annales de Toxicologie Analytique
January 1, 2012
Cédric Mazoyer, Jérémy Carlier, Michel Péoc’h et al.
2 citations
A 27-year-old man with a history of drug addiction died about twelve hours after ingesting powdered iboga root during a detoxification program. The main alkaloids ibogaine and ibogamine were measured in the powder and in biological fluids collected at the scene and during autopsy. Concentrations in peripheral blood taken at the scene, peripheral blood from autopsy, urine, and gastric fluid ranged from 0.65 to 53.5 µg/mL for ibogaine and 0.05 to 4.34 µg/mL for ibogamine. The powder contained 7.2% ibogaine and 0.6% ibogamine. Additional toxicological tests revealed concurrent use of diazepam and methadone, supporting the conclusion that death resulted from a mixed overdose with ibogaine as the primary toxic agent.