PloS one
January 1, 2014
Donal G Maccoon, Katherine A Maclean, Richard J Davidson et al.
97 citations
Eight weeks of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training did not improve sustained attention more than an active control program (Health Enhancement Program, HEP) in a randomized trial with 63 community participants. The study used a visual continuous performance task to measure attention. Although the main hypotheses were not confirmed, some evidence suggested improved visual discrimination similar to effects seen in other research. Attentional sensitivity was not affected by MBSR, and it remains unclear whether mindfulness might positively affect vigilance. The results highlight procedural modifications needed for future research on sustained attention in similar samples.
Psychology of consciousness (Washington, D.C.)
March 1, 2019
Benjamin Baird, Brady A Riedner, Melanie Boly et al.
41 citations
Lucid dreaming occurs more often in long-term meditators than in people who do not meditate. Among non-meditators, lucid dream frequency is linked to the ability to put experience into words, while among meditators it is linked to observing and decentering aspects of mindfulness. However, an 8-week mindfulness course did not increase lucid dream frequency. The findings suggest a continuity between awareness during waking and sleeping states and connect meditation training with meta-awareness, but the precise nature of the link remains unclear.
Applied developmental science
January 1, 2025
Lisa Flook, Matthew J Hirshberg, Lori Gustafson et al.
20 citations
Fifth graders who completed an 8-week school-based mindfulness training showed significant improvements on a computerized measure of cognitive flexibility and received higher end-of-year social-emotional learning grades compared to a wait-list control group, after accounting for prior-year grades. The 292 students from 21 classrooms were randomly assigned to either the mindfulness program or a control condition. Teacher-rated social-emotional competence did not differ between groups. The results suggest that a brief mindfulness intervention can bolster cognitive and social-emotional skills during the transitional pre-adolescent period.
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
March 1, 2025
Simon B Goldberg, Ashley D Kendall, Matthew J Hirshberg et al.
15 citations
In a randomized controlled trial of a meditation app with 662 participants (80.4% had elevated depression or anxiety), the relationship between how much people used the app (dosage) and changes in psychological distress was inconsistent. Across 41 different statistical models, some showed that more use—measured in minutes, days, or activities completed—was linked to greater reductions in distress, but many models found no such link, and a few even suggested the opposite pattern. This variability highlights the challenge of defining and studying dosage in meditation app interventions and points to the need for careful, transparent methods in this area.
Journal of counseling psychology
March 1, 2024
Kevin M Riordan, Otto Simonsson, Corrina Frye et al.
12 citations
A two-week compassion-based meditation program delivered via the Healthy Minds Program app was tested in undergraduates with elevated depression or anxiety (N=351). Participants were randomly assigned to either one 20-minute meditation per day or two 10-minute meditations per day. Both groups showed improvements in psychological distress, experiential avoidance, fear of missing out, loneliness, and self-compassion from before to after the intervention, and daily distress and loneliness also improved over time. No significant differences were found between the two dosing schedules on any measure. When total daily meditation time is equal, distributing practice into shorter sessions does not affect outcomes for distressed beginners.
Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science
January 1, 2025
Matthew J Hirshberg, Cortland J Dahl, Daniel Bolt et al.
9 citations
A four-week smartphone-based meditation intervention reduced psychological distress in adults, most of whom had clinical anxiety or depressive symptoms during the early COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention improved four proposed mediators—mindful action, loneliness, cognitive defusion, and purpose—which together accounted for 21.9% to 62.5% of the effect on distress at three-month follow-up. In a multiple mediator analysis, reduced loneliness alone explained 61.7% of the combined indirect effect. The findings suggest multiple psychological pathways may mediate distress reduction in digital meditation-based interventions.
Human brain mapping
January 1, 2025
Isaac N Treves, Aaron Kucyi, Madelynn Park et al.
8 citations
Trait mindfulness—the tendency to attend to present experience non-judgmentally—is linked to better mental health, but its neural basis remains unclear. In the largest resting-state fMRI study of trait mindfulness to date, involving 367 meditation-naïve adults across three sites, no connections predicted overall trait mindfulness. However, neural models for two subscales, Acting with Awareness and Non-judging, were identified. Positive networks for these subscales involved distinct fronto-parietal and default-mode networks, while negative networks overlapped across subscales and included somatomotor, visual, and default-mode regions. Only negative networks generalized to predict subscale scores in some out-of-sample tests. Predictions negatively correlated with a mind-wandering model. The findings provide preliminary evidence for generalizable connectivity models of mindfulness facets, but incomplete generalization across sites and model overlap highlight the challenge of identifying robust brain markers.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
February 11, 2025
Christina Maher, Lea Tortolero, Soyeon Jun et al.
7 citations
Loving-kindness meditation, which involves directing thoughts of goodwill toward oneself and others, alters neural activity in the amygdala and hippocampus. In first-time meditators with implanted brain-recording devices, the practice increased gamma-band (30 to 55 Hz) power and changed the duration of beta (13 to 30 Hz) and gamma oscillatory bursts in both regions. These changes were specific to periodic features of neural activity, not aperiodic ones. The findings suggest that even novice meditation can modulate limbic brain activity linked to emotional regulation and mood disorders.
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
April 1, 2025
Saampras Ganesan, Fernando A Barrios, Ishaan Batta et al.
6 citations
Meditation practices, which have shown therapeutic benefits for conditions like depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety, have been studied with neuroimaging over the past decade. However, existing neuroscientific models are based on small, heterogeneous datasets, limiting generalizability and replicability. The ENIGMA-Meditation consortium is the first worldwide collaborative effort to conduct systematic meta- and mega-analyses of globally distributed neuroimaging data using standardized methods. This framework aims to improve statistical power and address multidomain heterogeneity in meditation practice types, experience, and experimental design. The consortium will generate rigorous neuroscientific insights into the mechanisms underlying meditation's therapeutic effects on psychological and cognitive attributes.
Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
August 1, 2024
Simon B Goldberg, Daniel M Bolt, Cortland J Dahl et al.
5 citations
Meditation app users who reported increased positive feelings and decreased negative feelings during practice showed greater reductions in psychological distress, both immediately after the program and three months later. In a randomized trial with 243 distressed public school employees, most of whom had clinically elevated depression or anxiety, negative affect during meditation declined over time while positive affect remained stable. Changes in positive affect predicted later distress more strongly than changes in negative affect. The findings challenge the common mindfulness emphasis on nonjudgmental awareness regardless of emotional tone, suggesting that the affective quality of meditation experience matters for outcomes and could guide personalized intervention.