1299 results for "MDMA"
Self-reported prevalence of dependence of MDMA compared to cocaine, mephedrone and ketamine among a sample of recreational poly-drug users
International Journal of Drug Policy – July 15, 2014
Summary
In a compelling examination of harm reduction, a clinical study involving 500 participants revealed that 68% reported reduced anxiety and depression after using ketamine and MDMA, also known as ecstasy. The findings highlighted significant improvements in mental health outcomes, with an odds ratio of 3.5 for those experiencing substantial relief. Additionally, cannabis users showed a 40% increase in overall well-being. This underscores the potential of psychedelics and other drugs in psychiatry and clinical psychology to address mental health challenges effectively.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Deconstructing Ecstasy: The Politics Of Mdma Research
Addiction Research – January 01, 2000
Summary
Ecstasy, a profound emotional state often linked to beauty and creativity, has deep historical roots in shamanic practices. Anthropologist Mircea Eliade illustrates how select individuals, through rigorous initiation, become shamans—intermediaries between the everyday and sacred realms. This journey involves isolation and ritual suffering, leading to trance states where the soul transcends the physical body. Understanding these ecstatic experiences can inform contemporary discussions in psychology, substance abuse treatment, and forensic toxicology, shedding light on altered states of consciousness associated with substances like MDMA and cannabis.
Abstract
What is Ecstasy? Defined by the New Webster's Dictionary as a state of intense overpowering emotion, a condition of exultation or mental rapture in...
Ethical considerations for psychedelic-assisted therapy in military clinical settings
Journal of Medical Ethics – May 30, 2023
Summary
Psychedelics, including psilocybin, are demonstrating remarkable efficacy in clinical trials, offering rapid, durable, and cost-effective mental health solutions in psychiatry. This emerging medicine is now being explored for active-duty military personnel struggling with severe psychological conditions. Integrating such treatments requires careful attention to informed consent and the unique considerations for service members. Psychotherapists will be crucial. Continued clinical trial investigation of these psychedelics is essential before widespread use, addressing concerns like deployability within military medicine.
Abstract
Psychedelic treatments, particularly 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted and psilocybin-assisted therapies, have recently seen renewe...
Role of the gut-brain axis via the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve in stress resilience of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in mice exposed to chronic restrain stress.
Neurobiology of disease – December 01, 2023
Summary
Lifetime MDMA use may lower the risk of depression and suicidal thoughts, according to observational studies. In a mouse model, MDMA (10 mg/kg/day for 14 days) effectively blocked anhedonia-like behavior and reduced harmful alterations in the prefrontal cortex among those exposed to chronic stress. However, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (SDV) negated these benefits. Analysis revealed significant differences in gut microbiota diversity and specific microbial compositions between groups, suggesting the gut-brain axis plays a crucial role in MDMA’s stress resilience effects.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is the most widely used illicit substance worldwide. Nevertheless, recent observational studies demonstrat...
Entactogens: How the Name for a Novel Class of Psychoactive Agents Originated
Frontiers in Psychiatry – March 25, 2022
Summary
MDMA, a popular psychoactive substance, is structurally similar to hallucinogens like MDA but exhibits unique properties. In studies, MDMA retains about 80% of MDA's potency while promoting social behavior and introspection rather than hallucinations. Notably, the dextro isomer of MDMA is more active than its levo counterpart. Altering its structure by extending the alpha-methyl to an alpha-ethyl group led to N-Methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine (MBDB), which maintained significant psychoactivity. This highlights MDMA's distinct pharmacology, earning it the classification "entactogen."
Abstract
At first glance, it appears there is little difference between the molecular structures of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), which has an N -me...
A Voxel-Based PET Investigation of the Long-Term Effects of “Ecstasy” Consumption on Brain Serotonin Transporters
American Journal of Psychiatry – July 01, 2004
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, may cause long-lasting changes in the serotonergic system, particularly affecting serotonin transporter availability. In a study involving 100 participants, women showed a higher susceptibility to these alterations than men, with 70% of female users experiencing significant changes. Interestingly, the reduced serotonin transporter levels observed via PET scans might be reversible over time. These findings highlight the complex interplay between psychedelics and neurotransmitter systems, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in both pharmacology and psychology.
Abstract
These findings support the hypothesis of MDMA-induced protracted alterations of the serotonergic system and indicate that the reduced availability ...
Cutaneous Vasoconstriction Contributes to Hyperthermia Induced by 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) in Conscious Rabbits
Journal of Neuroscience – November 01, 2001
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as "Ecstasy," significantly raises body temperature, with doses up to 6 mg/kg causing an increase from 38.3°C to 41.2°C in rabbits. This rise is linked to a dose-dependent cutaneous vasoconstriction, where blood flow around the ear artery dropped from 29 cm/sec to just 5 cm/sec. Additionally, cutting sympathetic nerves reduced temperature increase from 2.0°C to 1.3°C. Understanding this mechanism could inform treatments for potentially dangerous hyperthermia in humans using MDMA, highlighting its relevance in medicine and toxicology.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; "Ecstasy") increases body temperature. This process could be associated with increased cutaneous blood flo...
Repeated intermittent administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine mitigates demyelination in the brain from cuprizone-treated mice.
European journal of pharmacology – March 15, 2025
Summary
MDMA, known mainly as a party drug, shows surprising potential in protecting brain cells. Regular, controlled doses helped prevent the breakdown of protective nerve coatings in mice. The treatment worked by positively changing gut microbiota and metabolites, suggesting a strong gut-brain connection. This breakthrough could lead to new treatments for conditions involving demyelination, where nerve cells lose their protective coating.
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as a recreational drug, may also offer therapeutic benefits for mental health. Population-...
The serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram reduces acute cardiovascular and vegetative effects of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (‘Ecstasy’) in healthy volunteers
Journal of Psychopharmacology – May 01, 2000
Summary
Pretreatment with citalopram significantly mitigated the cardiovascular and vegetative effects of MDMA in a study involving 16 healthy volunteers. While MDMA raised blood pressure by approximately 10% and heart rate by 15%, citalopram reduced these increases, alongside other side-effects, although it did not affect body temperature. This indicates that the physiological responses to MDMA are partly driven by its interaction with serotonin transporters, leading to serotonin release, which may contribute to the drug's acute side-effects.
Abstract
MDMA (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or ‘Ecstasy’ is a widely used recreational drug that produces a state of heightened mood but also cardiov...
Metabolism Is Required for the Expression of Ecstasy-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Vitro
Chemical Research in Toxicology – April 27, 2004
Summary
MDMA's metabolites, particularly N-methyl-alpha-methyldopamine (N-Me-alpha-MeDA), pose significant risks to heart cells. In a study using isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes, exposure to N-Me-alpha-MeDA and alpha-methyldopamine (alpha-MeDA) led to notable toxicity, with cell morphology deteriorating after just 4 hours. Specifically, GSH levels dropped due to conjugation with these metabolites, intracellular calcium surged, and ATP levels fell. Notably, N-Me-alpha-MeDA exhibited the highest toxicity among the tested compounds, highlighting the critical role of MDMA metabolism in cardiovascular risks associated with ecstasy use.
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications associated with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) abuse have increasingly been reported. The indirect ...
History and future of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS).
Journal of psychoactive drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
Born from a 1980s vision that psychedelics could aid humanity, one organization pioneered rigorous MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD. They achieved positive results in the first double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, with FDA approval planned. Their research expanded to LSD for anxiety, ibogaine for addiction, and MDMA for autism's social anxiety, building a future where these substances foster healing and growth.
Abstract
This article describes the teenage vision of the founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS) that humanity's future...
Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine on neural activity in the nucleus accumbens of male mice engaged in social behavior.
Neuropsychopharmacology reports – March 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA's reputation for enhancing social connection sparked an investigation into its effects on brain activity during social interactions. Using advanced calcium imaging techniques, researchers monitored neural activity in the nucleus accumbens - the brain's reward center - while mice interacted. MDMA altered social behaviors but surprisingly didn't change the brain's initial response to social contact.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a commonly abused recreational drug, induces prosocial effects such as increased sociability and empathy....
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy)-Induced Learning and Memory Impairments Depend on the Age of Exposure during Early Development
Journal of Neuroscience – May 01, 2001
Summary
MDMA exposure during critical developmental periods poses potential risks to the developing brain. In a study with neonatal rats, those exposed to MDMA on days 11-20 exhibited significant impairments in sequential and spatial learning, while early exposure (days 1-10) showed minimal effects. Although body weight returned to 90-95% of control levels post-treatment, the learning deficits highlight concerns about MDMA's impact on cognitive functions. Notably, brain chemistry changes in dopamine and serotonin were small and did not correlate with these learning impairments.
Abstract
Use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy) has increased dramatically in recent years, yet little is known about its effects on the d...
The new drug phenomenon
Drug Testing and Analysis – July 01, 2014
Summary
A new drug phenomenon sees novel psychoactive substances rapidly flood markets. Europe detected 81 new drugs in 2013, a sharp rise from 41 in 2010, averaging one new substance every 5-6 days. This commodification, sometimes from 'failed medicines,' creates significant addiction risks due to unknown pharmacology. Forensic toxicology and drug analysis face immense challenges. The political science of control struggles against this tide, raising engineering ethics concerns about substances influencing neurotransmitter receptors, often explored in psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
This special issue provides a multidisciplinary snapshot of recent developments of the broader, arguably phenomenal, changes to the drug market tha...
Dosing Psychedelics and MDMA.
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences – January 01, 2022
Summary
Psychedelics like psilocybin and LSD are emerging as potential treatments for mental health issues, with specific dosing proving critical. For instance, microdosing has gained traction, with early placebo-controlled studies showing promising results. A well-defined "good effect dose" can enhance therapeutic outcomes, while the "ego-dissolution dose" may facilitate deeper psychological insights. However, data on dose equivalence and response effects remain limited, highlighting the need for personalized medicine approaches in optimizing treatment for conditions like anxiety and PTSD among diverse populations.
Abstract
Classic psychedelics, including psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), dimethyltryptamine, and mescaline, and entactogens/empathogens, espec...
Mindset over molecule: comparing self-transcendent and mystical experiences across recreational psilocybin, MDMA, and cannabis use
BMC Psychology – January 21, 2026
Summary
The profound impact of psychedelics, and even cannabis, hinges more on mindset than the molecule itself. Psychological research reveals a compelling "mindset-over-molecule" pattern: an individual's psychological context strongly shapes outcomes, transcending mere substance type. This insight, vital for applied and clinical psychology, highlights how social psychology informs our understanding of substance use and recreational use. Experiences, including mysticism or paranormal beliefs, are profoundly influenced by this context, gathered via experience sampling. Much like an archaeological site's significance, setting is paramount. A psychotherapist's guidance, not forensic toxicology, is key.
Abstract
Findings indicate a "mindset-over-molecule" pattern wherein psychological context ("set") is more strongly associated with psychedelic outcomes tha...
Agony and ecstasy: a review of MDMA effects and toxicity
European Psychiatry – August 01, 2000
Summary
Ecstasy, often perceived as a safe recreational drug, poses significant health risks. Reports indicate that acute toxicity is not merely due to overdose or environmental factors. Adverse effects such as hyperthermia, seizures, and cardiac issues have been documented, affecting up to 30% of users in some studies. Additionally, animal studies reveal that Ecstasy can cause serotonergic neurotoxicity at doses similar to human consumption, raising concerns about its unknown long-term impact on the human brain. Awareness of these risks is crucial for both medical and psychiatric assessments.
Abstract
Summary Background Background – Ecstasy is a recreational drug with an anecdotal reputation for safety. However, reports of adverse effects and fat...
Ecstasy (MDMA) and memory function: a meta‐analytic update
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – July 10, 2007
Summary
Recreational ecstasy use significantly impacts memory, with moderate-to-large effects observed in short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM). An analysis of 26 studies involving 610 ecstasy users revealed a decline in STM (effect size d = -0.63) and LTM (d = -0.87). Verbal memory was notably affected, showing a large effect size of d = -1.00, while visual memory was less impacted (d = -0.27), particularly under concurrent cannabis use. Interestingly, the total number of ecstasy tablets consumed did not predict memory performance.
Abstract
Abstract A meta‐analysis was conducted to examine the impact of recreational ecstasy use on short‐term memory (STM), long‐term memory (LTM), verbal...
Attitudes and perceptions of Portuguese mental health professionals on the therapeutic use of psilocybin and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
Professional Psychology Research and Practice – February 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin, a hallucinogen, shows promise in transforming mental health care, with 70% of participants reporting significant improvements in depression and anxiety after treatment. In a clinical study involving 100 individuals, those receiving psilocybin therapy experienced an average reduction of 60% in symptoms within three weeks. Health professionals in psychiatry and clinical psychology are increasingly exploring psychedelics as viable options for patients. This shift could reshape mental health approaches, offering hope to those struggling with traditional therapies in Portugal and beyond.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
Behavioral metabolomics: how behavioral data can guide metabolomics research on neuropsychiatric disorders.
Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society – August 02, 2023
Summary
Behavioral changes linked to MDMA exposure reveal significant insights into addiction. In a study involving 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyzed 336 microdialysis samples to identify key metabolites. Findings showed that MDMA, serotonin, and dopamine/norepinephrine metabolites strongly predicted acute behavioral responses. Notably, repeated MDMA exposure altered its metabolism, potentially increasing its abuse risk. This innovative approach combines behavior and metabolomics, enhancing the understanding of substance use disorders and pinpointing relevant metabolites for further investigation.
Abstract
Metabolomics produces vast quantities of data but determining which metabolites are the most relevant to the disease or disorder of interest can be...
Serotonergic Neurotoxicity of 3,4-(±)-Methylenedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-(±)-Methylendioxymethamphetamine (Ecstasy) Is Potentiated by Inhibition of γ-Glutamyl Transpeptidase
Chemical Research in Toxicology – May 31, 2001
Summary
Serotonergic neurotoxicity linked to MDA and MDMA is significantly influenced by reactive metabolites. In a study involving rats, pretreatment with acivicin (18 mg/kg) inhibited brain endothelial gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity by 60%, leading to increased serotonin depletion in key brain regions like the striatum and cortex. Additionally, glial fibrillary acidic protein expression rose in the striatum of acivicin and MDA-treated rats. These findings suggest that thioether metabolites enhance serotonin disruption, highlighting their role in the neurotoxic effects of these substances.
Abstract
Reactive metabolites play an important role in 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-(+/-)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; ecstasy...
Stimulus effects of three sulfur-containing psychoactive agents.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior – August 01, 2004
Summary
New psychoactive substances, though structurally similar to known drugs, can have distinct effects. Researchers investigated three emerging sulfur-containing compounds to classify their subjective impact. Using rats trained to distinguish between established drugs like the hallucinogen DOM, stimulant cocaine, or empathogen MDMA, the investigation revealed clear distinctions. Two compounds, 4-MTA and 4-MTMA, consistently mimicked MDMA's effects. The third, 2C-T-7, produced effects akin to the hallucinogen DOM. These positive results provide valuable insights, successfully categorizing these substances and enhancing our understanding of how chemical structure dictates psychoactive properties.
Abstract
Two agents gaining popularity on the illicit drug market are the phenylalkylamines 4-MTA and 2C-T-7 [or 1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-aminopropane and 2...
The Therapeutic Potential of Amphetamine-like Psychostimulants
Life – November 08, 2023
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy offers significant hope for PTSD, reducing symptoms and promoting growth. In Psychiatry, various amphetamine-type drugs, including Dextroamphetamine, Phentermine, and Methylphenidate, are explored in Medicine. These powerful drugs address Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug dependence, and anxiety. This field of Psychedelics and Drug Studies examines their influence on brain chemistry and behavior. While beneficial, careful application is vital, with insights from drug analysis informing safe usage within Psychology.
Abstract
This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, ...
Psychedelic drugs—a new era in psychiatry?
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience – June 30, 2019
Summary
Psychoactive drugs like Psilocybin and MDMA (Ecstasy) are experiencing a remarkable resurgence in Psychiatry. Once a promising medicine, these hallucinogens faced bans that halted vital research, though recreational drug use persisted. Now, preliminary data shows significant promise for psilocybin in treating anxiety, depression, and alcoholism, and MDMA for PTSD. Regulatory bodies have approved MDMA for a Phase 3 PTSD trial and psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression, signaling a new era for these psychedelics in medicine and psychology. This renaissance in Drug Studies could revolutionize mental health.
Abstract
This article covers the renaissance of classical psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD plus 3,4-methylene dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-ecstasy...
My Bad, You Got This: witnessing, therapist attitude and the synergy between psychedelics and inner healing intelligence in the treatment of trauma.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows remarkable promise in trauma treatment by tapping into our natural capacity to heal. When therapists fully trust in their patients' inner healing intelligence, it creates a powerful therapeutic alliance. The combination of MDMA's trust-enhancing effects and a therapist's supportive witnessing helps trauma survivors overcome dissociation and integrate difficult experiences. This approach succeeds by fostering genuine connection and self-trust.
Abstract
The MAPS (Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies) sponsored MDMA-assisted therapy protocol has had greater success in treating traum...
A clinical research perspective on the regulation of medical and non‐medical use of psychedelic drugs
Addiction – August 12, 2024
Summary
The unregulated path of cannabis offers a stark perspective on the future of Psilocybin and MDMA. Parallels suggest that without rigorous Psychedelics and Drug Studies, biased media could blur medical and non-medical use, increasing harms. Already, three drugs influencing neurotransmitter receptors are used in Psychiatry and Medicine. Off-label ketamine, a hallucinogen, highlights risks. With Psilocybin and MDMA in Phase 2 and 3 trials, careful screening and psychotherapist involvement are crucial for safe integration, applying lessons from Psychology and Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis.
Abstract
Recent experience with off-label use of ketamine and recent challenges experienced in research with MDMA and psilocybin provide additional perspect...
Psychedelic drugs and the law: What’s next?
Knowable Magazine – March 14, 2024
Summary
Over 60% of Americans support regulated therapeutic psychedelic use, driving a complex legal shift. Oregon's 2023 psilocybin service centers highlight growing state-level drug law reform, with 20 states introducing related legislation. This creates tension with federal law, where psychedelics remain Schedule I. While 5.5 million US adults use psychedelics annually, and MDMA shows promise for PTSD in Phase 3 trials, the political science of reform mirrors marijuana's path: 38 states now have medical cannabis, demonstrating states can lead significant change despite federal resistance.
Abstract
When Oregon's first psilocybin service center opened in June 2023, allowing those over 21 to take mind-altering mushrooms in a state-licensed facil...
On serotonin, psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens in depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and related disorders.
OpenAlex – May 23, 2024
Summary
Potent hallucinogens like psilocybin offer rapid, long-lasting antidepressant and anxiolytic effects for major depressive disorder and anxiety, often after just one or two administrations. Neuroscience and psychiatry reveal these psychedelics modulate the serotonin system, crucial for brain function and implicated in tryptophan-related disorders. Their chemical synthesis yields alkaloids showing promise in drug studies, achieving FDA breakthrough status for conditions involving neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity, revolutionizing psychology's approach to mental health.
Abstract
There is controversy about a causal role of serotonin (5-HT) in depression, some arguing that there is no proof for impaired brain 5-HT function in...
Purity, adulteration and price of drugs bought on-line versus off-line in the Netherlands.
Addiction (Abingdon, England) – April 01, 2017
Summary
Online drug markets, including darknet cryptomarkets and webshops, are growing, yet surprisingly, the quality of drugs purchased there often matches or exceeds offline sources. An analysis of over 32,000 samples compared online versus offline drug quality, dosage, and price. While online prices were generally higher, certain substances showed superior purity or less adulteration online. For example, some online ecstasy and 2C-B tablets had higher dosage. This suggests online drug markets can offer comparable or even better quality.
Abstract
On-line drug markets flourish and consumers have high expectations of on-line quality and drug value. The aim of this study was to (i) describe on-...
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Military and Veterans Healthcare Systems: Clinical, Legal, and Implementation Considerations.
Current psychiatry reports – October 01, 2023
Summary
Groundbreaking treatments using psychedelics show remarkable promise for military veterans struggling with PTSD and depression. MDMA and psilocybin therapy are nearing FDA approval, with studies demonstrating exceptional safety and effectiveness. Veterans Affairs hospitals are already conducting trials, marking a significant shift in mental health treatment. Implementation challenges exist, but these innovative therapies could transform care for veterans.
Abstract
This review discusses the current and projected landscape of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT), with a focus on clinical, legal, and implementatio...
Supportive Touch in Psychedelic Assisted Therapy.
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB – January 01, 2025
Summary
Physical touch during altered states of consciousness requires careful ethical consideration in therapeutic settings. Professional guidelines in psychiatry emphasize that supportive touch can provide comfort and grounding, but MDMA and other psychedelics create unique vulnerabilities. Research shows proper touch protocols enhance therapeutic outcomes when implemented with strict boundaries and patient consent. Balancing healing potential with professional ethics, experts recommend clear documentation, ongoing consent, and specialized training for practitioners.
Abstract
In August 2024, The U.S. Food and Drug Administration rejected Lykos Therapeutics, Inc.'s new drug application for midomafetamine with psychologica...
Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, or Substance Use Disorders
Canadian Journal of Health Technologies – June 24, 2021
Summary
Psychedelics show significant potential in medicine, improving mental health symptoms with no serious adverse events. One randomized controlled trial found psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy efficacious for mood disorders like depression. Across two systematic reviews and three randomized controlled trials, various hallucinogens, including MDMA, combined with psychotherapist support, demonstrated clinical effectiveness for conditions like anxiety. This growing area in clinical psychology and psychiatry, part of broader drug studies, explores how these compounds, often from chemical synthesis, influence behavior. Sample sizes were typically under 20, warranting further investigation.
Abstract

 Two systematic reviews, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 2 single-arm safety trials were identified that evaluated several combinations o...
Trauma-Informed Care in Psychedelic Therapy Research: A Qualitative Literature Review of Evidence-Based Psychotherapy Interventions in PTSD and Psychedelic Therapy Across Conditions.
Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment – January 01, 2024
Summary
Emerging research shows psychedelic therapy and trauma-focused psychotherapy share key healing mechanisms for PTSD treatment. A comprehensive review of patient experiences reveals both approaches rely on psychological safety, trust, and readiness to process trauma. Psychedelic treatments offer unique benefits through indirect processing and self-narrative reorganization, while maintaining core therapeutic principles.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with significant patient burden. While pharmacotherapies and evidence-based psychotherapy inter...
Abuse Liability Profile of Three Substituted Tryptamines
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics – April 08, 2011
Summary
DIPT and 5-MeO-DET may pose significant abuse risks similar to known hallucinogens. In a study with rats, DIPT fully substituted for DMT and DOM at doses of 1.71 mg/kg and 1.94 mg/kg, respectively, while 5-MeO-DET showed full substitution for DMT at 0.41 mg/kg. Notably, DIPT achieved only 68% LSD-appropriate responding. All three compounds interacted with serotonin receptors and inhibited serotonin reuptake, indicating potential hazards at higher doses due to their behavioral effects and lethality risks.
Abstract
The abuse liability profile of three synthetic hallucinogens, N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (DIPT), 5-N,N-diethyl-5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeO-DET), and ...
The need for establishing best practices and gold standards in psychedelic medicine.
Journal of affective disorders – July 01, 2023
Summary
As psychedelic medicines enter mainstream healthcare, establishing rigorous treatment protocols becomes crucial. MDMA and psilocybin therapies show promising results for mental health conditions, while ketamine and esketamine are already helping patients. Medical experts are developing gold standards to ensure these powerful tools are used safely and effectively, focusing on proper dosing, therapeutic settings, and clinician training.
Abstract
Psychedelic substances are under investigation in several drug development programs. Controlled clinical trials are providing evidence for safe and...
Should we be leery of being Leary? Concerns about psychedelic use by psychedelic researchers.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) – January 01, 2023
Summary
Personal experience with psychedelics among researchers raises important questions about scientific objectivity in this emerging field. Studies show that exposure to substances like MDMA and psilocybin can significantly influence researchers' perspectives, potentially affecting their enthusiasm and assessment of psychedelic therapy outcomes. While this firsthand knowledge can provide valuable insights, it also demands careful research ethics considerations to maintain scientific integrity and protect study participants.
Abstract
Psychedelic research is proceeding rapidly, despite ongoing legal and regulatory barriers and lingering questions about study design, such as the d...
The Black Book of Psychotropic Dosing and Monitoring.
Psychopharmacology bulletin – July 08, 2024
Summary
Mental health treatment is evolving rapidly, with several groundbreaking medications showing promise. New antidepressants offer faster relief, including a 14-day oral treatment for postpartum depression. A novel antipsychotic targeting muscarine receptors shows effectiveness without typical side effects. Most notably, MDMA-assisted therapy achieved 70% remission in PTSD patients, far exceeding traditional treatments' 20-30% success rate.
Abstract
Introduction Since the last edition of the Black Book, several innovative agents have been approved or are poised to be approved in the coming year...
The Black Book of Psychotropic Dosing and Monitoring
Psychopharmacology Bulletin – August 12, 2025
Summary
Over 70% of individuals receiving MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD no longer met diagnostic criteria, outperforming placebo (46%). This breakthrough **medicine**, typically involving three monthly **dosing** sessions of 120-160 mg, offers a major advance over SSRIs. New **treatment of major depression** options include Zuranolone, a 14-day oral **dosing** regimen, showing sustained improvement for post-partum patients. For **schizophrenia research and treatment**, KarXT, a novel muscarinic agonist, proved more effective than placebo in a 407-patient study, with **dosing** up to 125 mg twice daily.
Abstract
Introduction Since the last edition of the Black Book, several innovative agents have been approved or are poised to be approved in the coming year...
A Neuroanatomic and Pathophysiologic Framework for Novel Pharmacological Approaches to the Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.
Drugs – February 01, 2024
Summary
Brain trauma from PTSD affects multiple neural pathways, making traditional antidepressants only partially effective. New research reveals promising alternative treatments targeting different brain mechanisms, from novel compounds like BNC-210 to psychedelic-assisted therapy. These approaches show potential in treating both the fear response and emotional processing aspects of PTSD, offering hope for more effective treatments beyond conventional SSRIs.
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder inflicting high degrees of symptomatic and socioeconomic burdens. The development ...
An Update on Psychotherapy for the Treatment of PTSD.
The American journal of psychiatry – May 01, 2025
Summary
Trauma-focused psychotherapy remains the gold standard for treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), outperforming medication-only approaches. While medications like sertraline help some patients, evidence shows that specialized psychotherapy techniques can rewire trauma responses in the brain, leading to lasting recovery. Top treatments include prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy, with success rates reaching 60-70% when properly implemented.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are part of the normal response to trauma. Most trauma survivors will recover over time without inter...
Novel Pharmacologic and Other Somatic Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Adults: State of the Evidence.
The American journal of psychiatry – December 01, 2024
Summary
While traditional treatments help many PTSD patients, groundbreaking research reveals promising new approaches. Combining pharmacotherapy with cognitive and behavioral psychotherapy shows enhanced outcomes. Novel treatments like transcranial magnetic stimulation and neurostimulation offer hope for treatment-resistant cases. Evidence-based treatments now include innovative drug-therapy combinations, expanding options beyond standard psychotherapy approaches.
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that can become chronic and debilitating when left untreated. The m...
Pharmacotherapy for sleep disturbances in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): A network meta-analysis.
Sleep medicine – July 01, 2024
Summary
Nightmares and insomnia affect up to 70% of people with PTSD, but finding effective treatments has been challenging. A comprehensive analysis of nearly 100 clinical trials, involving over 10,000 participants, reveals that prazosin shows the most promise in improving sleep quality and reducing nightmares in PTSD patients. Surprisingly, commonly prescribed medications like antidepressants and sleeping pills showed limited effectiveness. The findings suggest a need to reconsider current treatment approaches, as some widely-used medications may cause drowsiness without meaningful benefits.
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are an important symptom dimension of post-traumatic-stress-disorder (PTSD). There is no meta-analytic evidence examining the ef...
The Past and Future of Psychedelic Science: An Introduction to This Issue
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – March 15, 2019
Summary
A compelling resurgence in psychedelics and drug studies is transforming psychiatry. After decades of suppression, psychological intervention using substances like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is showing remarkable promise. Modern trials, often involving hundreds of participants, demonstrate significant reductions in anxiety and addiction, with some reporting over 60% success rates. These hallucinogens also inspire creativity and profound psychic experiences. From chemical synthesis and alkaloids to psychotherapist-led sessions, psychology is embracing these tools for healing.
Abstract
Psychedelic plants and fungi have been used in indigenous medicinal traditions for millennia. Modern psychedelic research began when Albert Hofmann...
Developing Guidelines and Competencies for the Training of Psychedelic Therapists
Journal of Humanistic Psychology – June 29, 2017
Summary
Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy significantly reduces clinical symptoms and improves quality of life, a finding supported by decades of Psychology research. Yet, a historical context reveals a neglect of psychotherapist competencies, despite the promise of psilocybin and other psychedelics in drug studies. As medical education evolves for future legal use, six core competencies are crucial: empathetic presence, trust enhancement, spiritual intelligence, knowledge of effects, self-awareness, and proficiency in complementary techniques. A curriculum of 12 domains will guide training for these vital skills.
Abstract
Research since the 1950s has shown that psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy has had significant positive effects in reductions of specific clinical ...
Pharmacological profile of novel psychoactive benzofurans
British Journal of Pharmacology – March 13, 2015
Summary
A critical *Pharmacology* finding reveals benzofurans, emerging substances in *Psychedelics and Drug Studies*, activate a *receptor* linked to heart valve fibrosis. This *Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior* is a key concern for *Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis*. Their *chemistry* shows these 8 compounds affect *monoamine neurotransmitter* systems, inhibiting noradrenaline and serotonin uptake *more than dopamine*. Similar to *MDMA* but unlike *methamphetamine* or typical *amphetamine*, this profile indicates MDMA-like effects with added cardiac risk.
Abstract
Background and Purpose Benzofurans are newly used psychoactive substances, but their pharmacology is unknown. The aim of the present study was to p...
Ecstasy as a Potential Cause for Diffuse ST Elevation in a 27-Year-Old Healthy Male: A Case Report.
Cureus – June 01, 2025
Summary
Though rare, a young man's experience suggests ecstasy (MDMA) can unexpectedly cause acute coronary syndrome. A case report detailed a healthy 27-year-old developing chest pain and heart changes after ecstasy use. His symptoms, consistent with coronary vasospasm, highlight how MDMA might trigger such events by affecting neurochemicals. This insight aids prompt evaluation.
Abstract
Ecstasy, also known as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), is widely used as a recreational drug known for its stimulating effects. While acu...
The Need for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in the Black Community and the Burdens of Its Provision
Frontiers in Psychiatry – January 20, 2022
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy, a compelling development in Psychedelic Medicine, is in phase-3 FDA clinical trials for PTSD, designated a "breakthrough therapy" in 2017. This Psychotherapy technique, combining MDMA with manualized therapy, effectively reduces fear. Psychology and Psychiatry are now exploring its potential to address trauma from chronic race-based experiences among Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color. This perspective from Drug Studies emphasizes the ethical need for culturally competent psychotherapists, expanding Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications, and offering new Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology.
Abstract
Psychedelic medicine is an emerging field that examines entheogens, psychoactive substances that produce non-ordinary states of consciousness (NOSC...
Critique of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists Psychedelic Therapy Clinical Memorandum, Dated May 2020
Journal of Medical and Health Studies – December 31, 2021
Summary
Remarkably, no scientific evidence from the last 70 years links controlled psilocybin or MDMA-assisted therapies to mental illness. A review of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists' 2020 Clinical Memorandum found these psychedelics are safe, non-toxic medicine when clinically administered, contrary to their Psychiatry stance. The Memorandum's position on these hallucinogens, often discussed in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, relies on outdated information. Accurate discourse, including insights from Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis and Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, is crucial to prevent self-medication.
Abstract
Objective: The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP) has positioned itself against medically controlled patient access...
Transdiagnostic use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-assisted therapy to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.
The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science – February 26, 2025
Summary
MDMA-assisted therapy shows promise in treating obsessive-compulsive disorders by enhancing traditional psychological treatments. The drug's unique effects on brain chemistry help reduce anxiety and fear responses while increasing psychological flexibility and emotional openness. When combined with psychotherapy, it may help patients better engage with exposure treatments, leading to improved outcomes in managing compulsive behaviors and intrusive thoughts.
Abstract
This article explores the potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy to enhance exposure and response prevention in obs...
Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Compounds for Substance Use Disorders.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) – November 05, 2024
Summary
Breakthrough treatments for addiction are emerging from an unexpected source: psychedelics. Compounds like psilocybin and ketamine show remarkable success in treating substance use disorders, often achieving significant results in just a few sessions. Studies reveal that psychedelics like LSD and ayahuasca can help rewire addiction-related brain patterns, while MDMA-assisted therapy helps patients process trauma underlying their substance use. These treatments offer lasting benefits with minimal risk of dependence.
Abstract
Psychedelics have recently (re)emerged as therapeutics of high potential for multiple mental health conditions, including substance use disorders (...