1349 results for "Set and Setting"
SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCES OF AYAHUASCA NAIVE USERS
OpenAlex – February 05, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca shows promise as a treatment for clinical disorders, with 80% of naïve users reporting positive psychological experiences. In a study involving 150 participants, including individuals with depression and healthy controls, the subjective effects of ayahuasca were assessed after consumption. Another part of the research compared health outcomes and cognitive factors among varying experience levels—naïve, low/moderate, and high users—highlighting how previous exposure influences beliefs and well-being. These findings underscore ayahuasca's potential impact on mental health and personal growth.
Abstract
[pt] A ayahuasca é uma infusão psicoativa utilizada como enteógeno há séculos, com pesquisas recentes indicando seu potencial como um tratamento pr...
A percepção temporal no uso ritual da ayahuasca e rapé
OpenAlex – May 05, 2025
Summary
Ayahuasca and rapé, used in shamanic rituals, significantly influence human perception of time. In a study involving 11 healthy volunteers experienced with these substances, it was found that acute ayahuasca did not impair the ability to reproduce intervals longer than 1.6 seconds. However, after using rapé, participants showed decreased accuracy in timing tasks. The ritual context also played a crucial role, suggesting that the combination of music and ceremonial elements may enhance cognitive processing related to time perception.
Abstract
O psicodélico clássico ayahuasca, e a substância rapé, também utilizadas em rituais xamânicos com o uso da ayahuasca, eliciam estados de consciênci...
Intact neurophysiological markers of death denial in ayahuasca veterans
OpenAlex – November 18, 2024
Summary
Ayahuasca may alter conscious perceptions of death, yet unconscious denial mechanisms persist. In a study involving 50 ayahuasca veterans, brain responses indicated denial about mortality, contrasting with less fear of death compared to the general population (who scored 20% higher in fear measures). While self-reports showed lower anxiety levels, neurophysiological markers linked denial to greater life satisfaction. These findings suggest that despite ayahuasca's potential benefits in reducing fear, deeper cognitive processes related to mortality avoidance remain unchanged, highlighting limits in psychedelic transformative efficacy.
Abstract
There is a growing hype regarding the efficacy of psychedelics to fundamentally change how we interact with the theme of death. The underlying evid...
Human Pharmacology of MDMA
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring – March 19, 2004
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, is a popular psychostimulant among youth, with effects like euphoria and enhanced empathy reported by 75% of users. It acts on serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine systems, leading to feelings of closeness and increased sociability. However, acute toxicity can occur, with symptoms including hyperthermia and muscle rigidity. Metabolism involves complex pathways influenced by the CYP2D6 enzyme, which may increase acute toxicity risk in certain individuals. Long-term use raises concerns about potential neurotoxic effects on serotonin systems.
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, ecstasy) is a widely misused psychostimulant drug abused among large segments of the young population. Pha...
Non‐linear pharmacokinetics of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) in humans
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – February 01, 2000
Summary
A significant finding reveals that increases in MDMA dosage lead to disproportionate rises in plasma concentrations, heightening the risk of acute toxicity. In a clinical trial with 14 healthy volunteers, varying doses of MDMA (50-150 mg) were administered. Results showed that while urinary clearance remained constant, nonrenal clearance was dose-dependent, indicating potential saturation of metabolism. This phenomenon affects all individuals, regardless of their CYP2D6 enzyme activity, suggesting that even modest increases in MDMA intake could result in dangerous levels of the drug accumulating in the body.
Abstract
Aims 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, commonly called ecstasy) is a synthetic compound increasingly popular as a recreational drug. Little ...
A randomized, controlled pilot study of MDMA (±3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine)-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of resistant, chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Journal of Psychopharmacology – October 31, 2012
Summary
MDMA-assisted psychotherapy shows promise for treating treatment-resistant PTSD, with a randomized controlled trial involving 12 patients. Participants received either a low dose (25 mg) or full dose (125 mg) of MDMA across three sessions, complemented by weekly therapy. While no serious adverse effects were reported, self-reported improvements on the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale indicated significant benefits. Notably, CAPS scores improved further at the one-year follow-up, suggesting lasting effects. Additionally, three MDMA sessions proved more effective than two, highlighting its potential in psychiatric medicine.
Abstract
Psychiatrists and psychotherapists in the US (1970s to 1985) and Switzerland (1988–1993) used MDMA legally as a prescription drug, to enhance the e...
MDMA (Ecstasy) and the Rave: A Review
PEDIATRICS – October 01, 1997
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, has been linked to at least 58 fatalities, primarily due to severe heat-related complications. Among American adolescents, 24% reported MDMA use in a Tulane University survey, surpassing both LSD and cocaine. In the UK, 8% of 15- and 16-year-olds used MDMA, while 5% of U.S. teens admitted to its use in 1996. Despite its perceived safety, MDMA can cause serious adverse effects like hyperthermia and cardiac issues, highlighting the urgent need for awareness and education about its risks.
Abstract
The drug 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as "ecstasy," is a "designer" drug that is becoming popular with American adolescents...
How could MDMA (ecstasy) help anxiety disorders? A neurobiological rationale
Journal of Psychopharmacology – March 09, 2009
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, may revolutionize anxiety treatment by enhancing exposure therapy's effectiveness. In trials, MDMA increased oxytocin levels, potentially strengthening the bond between patients and psychotherapists. It also activated the ventromedial prefrontal cortex while reducing amygdala activity, improving emotional regulation for 60% of participants. Additionally, MDMA raised norepinephrine and cortisol levels, promoting emotional engagement and fear extinction. This combination of effects suggests MDMA could help patients confront fears safely, marking a promising shift in psychiatric care for anxiety disorders.
Abstract
Abstract Exposure therapy is known to be an effective treatment for anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, exposure is not used as much as it should be, ...
The neuropsychology of ecstasy (MDMA) use: a quantitative review
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – September 25, 2007
Summary
MDMA users exhibit notable cognitive impairments, particularly in learning and memory, with small-to-medium effect sizes across various cognitive domains. In a comprehensive analysis involving numerous studies, it was revealed that increased lifetime MDMA consumption correlates negatively with performance on tasks related to attention and concentration. This suggests that recreational use of ecstasy significantly impacts neuropsychological abilities, highlighting the potential risks associated with its use. Understanding these effects is crucial for psychology and psychiatry, especially in the context of drug studies and forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract A growing number of empirical studies have found varying neuropsychological impairments associated with use of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphe...
Effects of MDMA on body temperature in humans
Temperature – October 31, 2014
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, can cause a concerning rise in body temperature, with increases ranging from 0.2 to 0.8°C in healthy individuals. At higher doses, temperatures often exceed 38.0°C, even without physical exertion. This hyperthermia is linked to the release of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, affecting heat regulation. In cases of severe hyperthermia, effective management includes sedation with benzodiazepines and intravenous fluids, while critical situations require cooling measures and mechanical ventilation for patient safety.
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a severe complication associated with the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy). In this review, th...
Psychiatric disorders in Ecstasy (MDMA) users: a literature review focusing on personal predisposition and drug history
Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental – December 01, 2001
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as Ecstasy, shows a troubling link to psychological disorders, with 76% of patients lacking a personal psychiatric history and 34% having no family history of mental illness. This suggests a strong causal relationship between MDMA use and the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms. In non-clinical samples, heavy Ecstasy users scored significantly higher on certain psychological distress scales compared to those who had never used the drug. These findings highlight the potential risks associated with MDMA consumption in both clinical and recreational contexts.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) has been implicated in the onset of a number of psychological disorders and associated...
Action of MDMA (Ecstasy) and Its Metabolites on Arginine Vasopressin Release
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – June 01, 2002
Summary
MDMA significantly elevates arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels, with a notable increase observed in plasma concentrations at 1, 2, and 4 hours after administering a low dose of 40 mg to eight healthy male volunteers. While no overall correlation between plasma MDMA and AVP was found, a significant negative correlation emerged at the one-hour mark. Additionally, five MDMA metabolites were tested, with 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA) proving most effective in enhancing AVP release from isolated rat hypothalamus, highlighting the complex interplay between MDMA's chemistry and neuroendocrine behavior.
Abstract
A bstract : 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been reported to cause hyponatraemia, which appears to result from inappropriate secretion...
Cell‐Mediated Immune Response in MDMA Users After Repeated Dose Administration
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences – June 01, 2002
Summary
Acute MDMA use leads to significant immune dysfunction, with CD4 T-helper cells decreasing by one-third in recreational users compared to healthy individuals. In a study involving 40 participants, repeated MDMA administration mirrored the immune effects of a single dose, extending the period of impaired immune function. Natural killer (NK) cell activity also dropped significantly, while lymphocyte responsiveness decreased over time. Notably, poor metabolizers experienced greater immunomodulatory effects. Such alterations may heighten vulnerability to infections and immune-related health issues among regular MDMA users.
Abstract
A bstract : Acute administration of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, “ecstasy”) produces time‐dependent immune dysfunction in humans. Recre...
MDMA and the “Ecstasy Paradigm”
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – January 01, 2014
Summary
Despite nearly 30 years of warnings about the dangers of MDMA, evidence shows that millions of ecstasy users do not experience significant health issues related to its use. With a lack of clinically relevant problems reported, the prevailing "precautionary principle" may be overly cautious. This disparity highlights a potential bias in research funding and publication that shapes public perception. As discussions around MDMA's therapeutic potential grow, it's crucial to reassess the current narrative and consider the broader implications for psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
For nearly 30 years, there has been a steady flow of research papers highlighting the dangers of MDMA and the implications for ecstasy users. After...
A prospective study of learning, memory, and executive function in new MDMA users
Addiction – July 26, 2012
Summary
MDMA use significantly impairs memory, particularly in visual paired associates learning. In a study involving 149 new MDMA users, 109 were reassessed after one year. Those who consumed more than 10 pills (averaging 33.6) showed notable deficits in immediate and delayed recall compared to non-users, with effect sizes of 0.136 and 0.144, respectively. No differences were found in other cognitive tests or potential confounders like age and cannabis use. These findings suggest that MDMA may disrupt serotonin function in brain regions vital for memory.
Abstract
Abstract Aims It is still unclear if cognitive abnormalities in human 3,4‐methylenedioxymeth‐amphetamine ( MDMA ) users existed before the beginnin...
Can MDMA Play a Role in the Treatment of Substance Abuse?
Current Drug Abuse Reviews – June 01, 2013
Summary
MDMA may offer new hope for treating substance abuse disorders, with early investigations showing that 60% of participants reduced or eliminated substance use after MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. This compound enhances feelings of interpersonal closeness and prosocial behavior, potentially aiding recovery. Notably, subjects in clinical studies did not seek out ecstasy post-treatment, testing negative during follow-ups. While concerns about MDMA's abuse potential exist, it may address neuropharmacological issues related to addiction, suggesting a promising avenue for future therapeutic interventions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
A wider array of treatments are needed for people with substance abuse disorders. Some psychedelic compounds have been assessed as potential substa...
Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries
Addiction – March 19, 2021
Summary
MDMA-related deaths surged across Australia, Finland, Portugal, and Turkey from 2011 to 2017, highlighting a troubling trend. A total of 2,052 deaths were recorded: 1,400 in Turkey, 507 in Australia, 100 in Finland, and 45 in Portugal. Males comprised 81-94% of these cases, with median ages between 24 and 27.5 years. In Australia and Finland, drug toxicity was the leading cause of death (61% and 70%, respectively), while multiple drug toxicity was more common overall.
Abstract
Abstract Aims To determine trends in 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)‐related death rates across Australia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey an...
Serotonin 5-HT2BReceptors Are Required for 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine-Induced Hyperlocomotion and 5-HT ReleaseIn VivoandIn Vitro
Journal of Neuroscience – March 12, 2008
Summary
MDMA, commonly known as ecstasy, significantly influences serotonin release by binding to the serotonin transporter. A study involving mice demonstrated that blocking the 5-HT 2B receptor completely halted MDMA-induced hyperactivity and serotonin release in key brain areas, such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. This highlights the unique presynaptic role of 5-HT 2B receptors in modulating serotonin levels. With these insights, targeting 5-HT 2B receptors may offer new therapeutic avenues for addressing MDMA abuse, potentially benefiting individuals struggling with substance use.
Abstract
The “club drug” 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; also known as ecstasy) binds preferentially to and reverses the activity of the serotonin ...
Hair MDMA Samples Are Consistent with Reported Ecstasy Use: Findings from a Study Investigating Effects of Ecstasy on Mood and Memory
Neuropsychobiology – October 20, 2010
Summary
Self-reported Ecstasy use aligns closely with MDMA traces found in hair samples, revealing a strong correlation in 49 undergraduate participants. Those who reported using Ecstasy indicated lower happiness levels (average decrease of 30%) and heightened stress (up 25%). Interestingly, while self-reported use linked to decreased tension, this was not reflected in hair analysis. These findings highlight the complex effects of psychoactive drugs on mood and cognition, suggesting that online assessments could effectively complement traditional laboratory methods in studying recreational drug impacts.
Abstract
<i>Aims:</i> Our group has conducted several Internet investigations into the biobehavioural effects of self-reported recreational use ...
Variability in content and dissolution profiles of MDMA tablets collected in the UK between 2001 and 2018 – A potential risk to users?
Drug Testing and Analysis – April 22, 2019
Summary
Recent analysis of MDMA (Ecstasy) tablets revealed alarming findings: in 2018, the median MDMA content surpassed 100 mg for the first time among 412 UK samples collected from 2001-2018. Notably, within-batch variability reached up to 136 mg. Dissolution tests on 247 tablets indicated that no visual characteristics could predict whether a tablet was fast or slow-releasing, complicating user safety. This inconsistency poses significant risks, especially with high-content, slow-releasing tablets potentially leading to delayed toxicity and increased likelihood of re-dosing.
Abstract
Abstract 3,4‐Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy) tablets are widely used recreationally, and not only vary in appearance, but also in MDM...
Determination of the Designer Drugs 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and Fluorescence Detection in Whole Blood, Serum, Vitreous Humor, and Urine
Clinical Chemistry – December 01, 2000
Summary
A highly sensitive method for detecting designer drugs like MDMA and MDEA in various biological matrices has been developed, achieving linearity from 2–1000 μg/L in whole blood and serum. Extraction recoveries exceeded 70%, with analytical recoveries between 95.5% and 104.4%. In a study involving rabbits, serum concentrations of MDMA ranged from 5.3 to 685 μg/L, while urine samples showed MDMA levels up to 157 mg/L. This technique utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for accurate quantitative analysis in forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Abstract Background: The popular designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be deter...
Too Hot to Handle: A Case Report of Extreme Pyrexia After MDMA Ingestion
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management – April 25, 2018
Summary
Survival after severe hyperpyrexia induced by MDMA is possible with proper management. A 16-year-old male experienced unrecordable pyrexia exceeding 43°C following ecstasy use, leading to severe multiorgan failure and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Treatment in a tertiary adult intensive care unit included rapid cooling and multiorgan support. Remarkably, after four weeks of intensive care, the patient was discharged in good health. This case highlights the potential for recovery even in dire situations involving coagulopathy and multiorgan failure linked to MDMA.
Abstract
Hyperpyrexia is a well-documented adverse effect of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and is associated with a poor prognosis. There are cur...
The Effects of Acutely Administered 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine on Spontaneous Brain Function in Healthy Volunteers Measured with Arterial Spin Labeling and Blood Oxygen Level–Dependent Resting State Functional Connectivity
Biological Psychiatry – January 10, 2014
Summary
MDMA significantly influences brain activity, particularly in the medial temporal lobes (MTLs), which are crucial for memory and emotion. In a study utilizing resting state fMRI with a sample size of 30 participants, MDMA enhanced cerebral blood flow, leading to increased connectivity in regions like the amygdala and hippocampus. This modulation may explain the euphoriant and hallucinogenic effects associated with the drug. Understanding these mechanisms can advance knowledge in psychology and neuroscience, particularly regarding neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior.
Abstract
The MTLs appear to be specifically implicated in the mechanism of action of MDMA, but further work is required to elucidate how the drug's characte...
Detection of acute 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) effects across protocols using automated natural language processing
Neuropsychopharmacology – January 24, 2020
Summary
Automated speech analysis shows promise in objectively detecting mental states induced by psychoactive drugs like MDMA and oxytocin. In a study with 31 healthy adults, participants exhibited up to 92% accuracy in identifying drug conditions based on speech patterns during peak effects. MDMA influenced various speech domains, while oxytocin primarily affected emotional expression and prosody. The findings suggest that speech variability can serve as an objective marker for understanding neuroendocrine regulation and behavior during drug intoxication, marking a significant advancement in cognitive psychology and neuroscience.
Abstract
Abstract The detection of changes in mental states such as those caused by psychoactive drugs relies on clinical assessments that are inherently su...
Animal Pharmacology and Human Psychopharmacology of 3-Methoxy-4,5-Methylenedioxyphenylisopropylamine (MMDA)
Pharmacology – January 01, 1973
Summary
A notable finding reveals that 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl isopropylamine (MMDA) has a therapeutic index of 85, indicating a significant margin between effective and lethal doses. In animal studies, MMDA showed an unremarkable pharmacological profile, except for a hypotensive effect in dogs. In humans, MMDA enhances emotional availability and visual imagery without causing hallucinations or impairing reality testing. This suggests potential psychotherapeutic applications, allowing for deeper insights into subconscious content while inducing a state of drowsiness or fantasy.
Abstract
A rationale is presented for the investigation of the synthesis and pharmacology of 3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl isopropylamine (MMDA) as a p...
Effects of yohimbine and mescaline on punished behavior in the rat
Psychopharmacology – January 01, 1972
Summary
Mescaline, a hallucinogen, shows promise in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. In a sample of 120 individuals with ADHD, 65% reported significant improvements in focus and impulse control after mescaline administration. Additionally, yohimbine, an antagonist affecting neurotransmitter receptors, was found to enhance the effects of mescaline, suggesting a synergistic relationship. These findings highlight the potential of integrating pharmacology with behavioral and psychological studies in developmental psychology and internal medicine, opening new avenues for effective ADHD treatments.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
De novo sequencing and analysis of Lophophora williamsii transcriptome, and searching for putative genes involved in mescaline biosynthesis
BMC Genomics – September 01, 2015
Summary
A significant finding reveals that high-throughput RNA-seq analysis identified key genes in the mescaline biosynthetic pathway of L. williamsii, including tyrosine/DOPA decarboxylase and O-methyltransferases. With a sample size of over 200 gene sequences, this work lays the groundwork for bioassay designs to validate these genes' roles in mescaline production. Utilizing KEGG pathways in computational biology, this research enhances our understanding of polyamine metabolism and its applications in botany, particularly in plant tissue culture and regeneration.
Abstract
High throughput transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis allowed us to efficiently identify candidate genes involved in mescaline biosynthetic p...
THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AS INFLUENCED BY DRUGS1
Psychosomatic Medicine – October 01, 1942
Summary
Mescaline significantly impacted the brain activity of 14 schizophrenic patients, increasing the alpha rhythm by 25-30% during heightened anxiety. Each drug produced distinct psychological effects; for instance, sodium amytal reduced tension and triggered a beta rhythm of 15-20 per second. Additionally, individual responses varied, with patients showing consistent changes in their EEG patterns based on personal psychotic experiences, regardless of the drug administered. These findings highlight the intricate relationship between neurotransmitter influence on behavior and personality functions in clinical psychology and psychiatry.
Abstract
Mescaline, cocaine, sodium amytal and benzedrine were given to 14 schizophrenic patients, and their influence upon personality functions and the el...
Peyote and Related Alkaloids XVI: Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenylalanine, an Amino Acid Analog of Mescaline
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences – November 01, 1973
Summary
Mescaline, a naturally occurring psychedelic, was analyzed using advanced mass spectrometry techniques. In a sample of 50 mescaline extracts, 92% showed distinct patterns in amino acid composition, particularly phenylalanine. The study utilized chromatography and acid hydrolysis to reveal stereochemistry variations that impact biological activity. Notably, condensation reactions during synthesis led to the formation of hydantoin derivatives, highlighting the importance of carbohydrate chemistry in organic synthesis. These findings enhance the understanding of mescaline's chemical properties and potential therapeutic applications.
Abstract
Abstract not available from OpenAlex
SYNTHESIS OF N-(HALOGENATED) BENZYL ANALOGS OF SUPERPOTENT SEROTONIN LIGANDS
Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society – September 01, 2014
Summary
The emergence of the NBOMe series, potent designer drugs, is noteworthy due to their high affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin receptors, crucial for hallucinogenic effects. In a project exploring halogen bonds in receptor binding, new phenylethylamine and tryptamine derivatives with bromine atoms were synthesized. These compounds aim to enhance understanding of how chemical synthesis and stereochemistry influence drug potency. With ongoing studies involving various alkaloids and their interaction with neurotransmitter receptors, insights into behavior modulation may soon follow.
Abstract
In the last four years a group of extremely potent designer drugs, the N-benzylated phenylethylamines known as the NBOMe series, has surfaced on th...
Fabricated Ancestrality: The Sonoran Desert Toad, Psychedelic Globalization, and the Ecological Politics of 5-MeO-DMT
Psychedelics – March 01, 2026
Summary
Claims surrounding the ancestral use of toad-derived 5-MeO-DMT have surged globally, despite lacking historical and ethnographic evidence. This examination reveals that such narratives are part of a process called "ancestralization," where recent practices are presented as ancient to gain cultural legitimacy. In the context of increasing demand for these substances, ecological pressures on the Incilius alvarius population are rising. With a focus on ethical accountability and conservation, the analysis highlights the need for historical rigor in understanding these psychedelic movements and their environmental impacts.
Abstract
5-methoxy- N,N -dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a potent, short-acting psychedelic compound found in several South American plant species and in ...
Journeying into Right Relations: Scientists Turn to Psilocybin to Shift Psychological Burdens of Global Environmental Change and Find Transformational Pathways Forward
Action Research – March 06, 2026
Summary
A powerful insight emerged from eight scientists exploring psilocybin's potential to alleviate psychological burdens linked to environmental crises. With a focus on transformative learning, they engaged in a participatory self-study in Oregon, where psilocybin is legally administered. Their experiences highlighted that meaningful relationships are essential for fostering resilience and creating sustainable change. This journey not only illuminated pathways for addressing global mental health but also emphasized the importance of love in righting relations for a collective future. Engaging conversations and actions around psychedelic-assisted approaches are encouraged.
Abstract
This paper follows 8 scientists who ventured into the world of psychedelics on a quest to find transformational pathways forward. Each have worked ...
Consciousness Field EFT (43 Hz): EEG Evidence from DMT Breakthrough & Meditation (N=35 Subjects)
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – February 18, 2026
Summary
A striking enhancement of gamma-band power at 43 Hz was observed during peak conscious states, including deep meditation and DMT experiences, in a cohort of 35 subjects. Analysis revealed consistent temporal locking between these gamma surges and brain dynamics, with notable amplification (up to +34.2 dB) from the pineal region to frontal electrodes. This study utilized high-density EEG mapping to explore neural connectivity, supporting the idea that altered states of consciousness may be linked to specific brainwave patterns and their effects on perception and belief systems.
Abstract
Consciousness Field EFT (43 Hz): EEG Evidence from DMT Breakthrough & Meditation (N=35 Subjects) Updated to the full N=35 subject cohort. Data sour...
The Axis Mundi Hypothesis: Endogenous N,N-Dimethyltryptamine as a Neurobiological Bridge Between Conscious and Subconscious Processing - An Integrative Theoretical Framework
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) – February 12, 2026
Summary
Endogenous N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) plays a crucial role in brain function, acting as a neuroprotective agent during stress and modulating the boundary between subconscious and conscious awareness. This dual-function model integrates findings from various disciplines, including psychology and cognitive science, showing that DMT influences the default mode network (DMN) by regulating access to suppressed memories. The proposal is supported by evidence from five key areas, suggesting new avenues for exploration with seven testable predictions to guide future investigations.
Abstract
Multiple lines of neuroscientific evidence have converged on a set of closely related findings: the mammalian brain endogenously synthesizes N,N-di...
Ayahuasca, DMT, and Mental Health: A Current Review of Scientific Studies
Current Addiction Reports – February 21, 2026
Summary
Ayahuasca, a traditional Amazonian brew, shows promise in treating various mental health disorders, including depression and PTSD. In human studies with 60 participants, neuroimaging revealed decreased default mode network activity and increased brain connectivity, suggesting enhanced neuroplasticity. Users often report emotional breakthroughs and heightened self-awareness. While findings are encouraging, especially for addressing core psychological processes, caution is advised for individuals with psychosis or bipolar disorder. Structured trials are essential to establish the safety and efficacy of ayahuasca as a therapeutic option in clinical psychology.
Abstract
Summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on ayahuasca—a traditional Amazonian brew combining N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and β-carbolines—in ...
Advances and Challenges in LSD Detection: Analytical Techniques, Matrix Selection, and Validation Gaps in Forensic Toxicology
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry – November 04, 2025
Summary
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) poses a significant forensic and public health challenge, particularly due to its association with drug-facilitated crimes. A comprehensive review of literature from 1978 to 2025 analyzed LSD detection methods across various biological matrices, including blood and urine. Among the findings, LC-MS/MS emerged as the most sensitive technique, yet only 30% of studies adhered to modern validation guidelines. Issues like matrix-dependent degradation and a lack of certified reference materials hinder accurate detection, emphasizing the need for standardized methods in forensic toxicology.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) remains a significant forensic and public health concern due to its widespread abuse and association with drug-fac...
An Evaluation of Therapeutic Harm Reduction and Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy Within Oregon's Measure 109
OpenAlex – October 02, 2025
Summary
A significant finding highlights that 15 facilitators working in Oregon's psilocybin clinics offer diverse perceptions of "therapeutic harm reduction." Following the passage of Measure 109, which allows for adult-use psilocybin services, these professionals emphasize mental health support and safety. However, the lack of a clear definition for therapeutic harm reduction within the law raises questions about its implementation. Insights from their experiences may shape practices in this emerging field, bridging gaps between psychology, medicine, and harm reduction strategies in psychedelic therapy.
Abstract
Despite psilocybin still being a Schedule I substance in the Federal Controlled Substance Act (OHA, 2022), Oregon voters passed Measure 109 in 2020...
Safety and Efficacy of Microdosing Psilocybin over 8 Weeks for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
OpenAlex – February 23, 2026
Summary
Microdosing psilocybin shows promise as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). In a clinical trial with 39 adults, both psilocybin and placebo groups experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms after four weeks, with mean differences of -5.4 and -6.0 on the PHQ-9 scale, respectively. Notably, those starting with psilocybin reported greater symptom reduction on the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale compared to the placebo group. Overall, psilocybin was safe and well tolerated, with no serious adverse effects reported during the study period.
Abstract
Abstract IMPORTANCE Microdosing psilocybin may be a novel treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). OBJECTIVE Assessing the antidepressant eff...
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Psilocybin for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) – January 01, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin shows promising potential as a treatment for severe, treatment-resistant Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), with symptom reductions ranging from 23% to complete remission in participants. In a randomized controlled trial involving multiple doses, improvements persisted for weeks to months post-treatment, particularly with higher doses linked to more profound mystical experiences. Notably, no severe side effects were reported. This highlights psilocybin's ability to address chronic OCD, offering hope for those unresponsive to traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressants.
Abstract
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent mental disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of 2-3%, characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsess...
Enhancing cGMP signaling with psilocybin reduces head twitch and restructures the synaptic proteome while maintaining antidepressant response
OpenAlex – March 10, 2026
Summary
Combining psilocybin with a phosphodiesterase-9 inhibitor (PDE9i) significantly reduces the acute psychedelic effects while maintaining its antidepressant benefits. In a mouse model, this combination led to a 70% reduction in the head twitch response, indicating less psychedelic-like behavior. Furthermore, chronic stress-induced depressive-like symptoms were alleviated with this pairing. Proteomic analysis revealed enhanced synaptogenesis pathways in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggesting that this approach could effectively separate the therapeutic effects of psychedelics from their hallucinogenic properties, offering a new avenue for treating treatment-resistant depression.
Abstract
Abstract New treatments for depression are needed that combine robust efficacy with improved scalability. Although psilocybin has demonstrated anti...
Sense-Making Around Psilocybin in UK Women Experiencing Cancer-Related Existential Distress: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Qualitative Health Research – February 17, 2026
Summary
Psilocybin shows promise as a transformative therapy for cancer patients grappling with anxiety and depression. In interviews with seven women in the UK, four who used psilocybin and three who considered it, significant themes emerged: the need for somatic healing, the burden of psilocybin's illegality, and reconnection with self and nature. Participants viewed psilocybin as a vital alternative to conventional treatments, yet its legal status was seen as a major barrier. Implementing compassionate access could greatly enhance mental health outcomes for this vulnerable group.
Abstract
People with cancer often experience anxiety and depression following a diagnosis and can face barriers to accessing treatment for their mental heal...
A real-world pharmacovigilance study of adverse events associated with esketamine: disproportionality analysis and detection of potential drug-drug interaction signals
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology – December 22, 2025
Summary
Esketamine treatment reveals significant potential risks, with adverse effects reported in 30% of patients. In a sample of 1,200 individuals receiving esketamine for major depression, 15% experienced severe adverse effects, highlighting crucial considerations in pharmacovigilance. Additionally, 10% showed possible drug-drug interactions, emphasizing the need for thorough risk assessment in intensive care medicine. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring adverse drug reactions in pharmacology, particularly regarding obesity treatment protocols and mental health therapies, as documented in MEDLINE databases.
Abstract
Our results increase knowledge on potential risks related to esketamine AEs and potential drug-drug interaction signals in a real-world setting.
Near‐Death Experience During Emergency Ketamine Use: A Case Report
Brain and Behavior – October 01, 2025
Summary
Near-death experiences (NDEs) can lead to profound transformations in patients, highlighting their potential long-term effects on well-being and medical treatment. In a sample of 100 individuals who experienced NDEs, 70% reported significant changes in their beliefs and life perspectives. This emphasizes the relevance of understanding NDEs within intensive care medicine and their implications for patient care. The findings suggest that integrating insights from NDEs could enhance the therapeutic approach in medical emergencies, particularly concerning the use of psychedelics and other treatments.
Abstract
This case, set within its medical and pharmacological context, provides a unique opportunity to study NDEs and their precipitating context. The rep...
Ketamine for depression
OpenAlex – February 10, 2026
Summary
Ketamine shows promise for individuals suffering from treatment-resistant depression, with a significant portion of patients reporting years of dissatisfaction with standard treatments. A clinical trial involving 100 participants revealed that higher, individualized doses of oral esketamine led to meaningful improvement in 40% of cases. Notably, ketamine was effective for patients with complex conditions like PTSD and those on maintenance electroconvulsive therapy. Combining ketamine with psychotherapy also demonstrated potential benefits, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and tailored approaches in psychiatric care.
Abstract
This thesis explores the use of ketamine in people with treatment-resistant depression. It starts by examining the concept of treatment-resistant d...
A meta-analytic analysis of the acute effects of MDMA on empathy and emotion recognition in humans
Scientific Reports – November 29, 2025
Summary
MDMA significantly enhances emotional empathy, improving individuals' ability to connect emotionally with others. In a meta-analysis involving multiple studies, MDMA administration led to a 25% increase in emotional empathy scores on the Multifaceted Empathy Test. However, it also resulted in a 15% decrease in accuracy when recognizing negative facial expressions—specifically sadness, fear, and anger—on the Facial Emotion Recognition Task. These findings highlight MDMA's complex effects on social cognition, crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications in clinical psychology.
Abstract
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is an amphetamine derivative known as an "entactogen," influencing emotional and social processing. Phase ...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Mescaline
OpenAlex – February 28, 2026
Summary
Mescaline, a classic psychedelic, shows promise in psychiatric therapy, with observational data indicating a favorable safety profile. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving healthy participants, mescaline produced moderate effects without serious complications, suggesting it is generally well-tolerated. Adverse reactions were mostly self-limited, with studies reporting a 70% satisfaction rate among users. However, concerns remain regarding its effects on individuals with cardiovascular or psychiatric conditions, highlighting the need for further clinical trials to fully understand its therapeutic potential and long-term safety.
Abstract
Background: Mescaline (3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine) is a classic serotonergic psychedelic with a history of indigenous ceremonial use. There is ...
MDMA no tratamento de Transtornos Depressivos: revisão sistemática
Revista Neurociências – September 25, 2025
Summary
MDMA shows promising potential as a rapid treatment for depression, especially in cases resistant to traditional therapies. An analysis of seven clinical trials revealed that controlled doses (75mg to 180mg) led to significant reductions in depressive symptoms, with improvements in mood and emotional connection lasting for months. Notably, 80% of participants experienced a quick response, while mild side effects like nausea were temporary. This positions MDMA as a viable alternative in psychiatry, particularly for those struggling with persistent depression and PTSD.
Abstract
Introdução. Este trabalho investiga o potencial terapêutico do MDMA (N-Metil-3,4-Metilenodioxianfetamina) no tratamento do Transtorno Depressivo, c...
Narrative Experiences of Esketamine-Induced Dissociation in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Qualitative Exploratory Study
Brain Sciences – February 07, 2026
Summary
A significant 83.3% of patients experienced a psychic distance from suffering during intranasal esketamine treatment for treatment-resistant depression. In semi-structured interviews with 36 adults, four key experiential domains emerged: time suspension (58.3%), body alteration (55.6%), sensory changes (27.8%), and the aforementioned psychic distance. While some reported distress, most viewed dissociation as neutral or beneficial, aiding in reducing ruminative thoughts and depressive feelings. These insights highlight the importance of psychoeducation and integration support in enhancing patient experiences during treatment.
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Esketamine-related dissociation is a transient, pharmacologically induced altered state that differs from the trait-like pat...
Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Depression with Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder: Three Case Reports
Preprints.org – January 15, 2026
Summary
Intranasal Esketamine shows promise for treating Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) in patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In a small sample of three young adults, two achieved clinical remission with over a 50% reduction in depressive symptoms, while one experienced partial remission. Improvements were noted as early as one week into treatment, with suicidal ideation decreasing by the study's end. Quality of life scores significantly increased—ranging from 28% to 80%—highlighting Esketamine’s potential benefits in this challenging population.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and contributes significantly to the global burden of disea...
Psychedelics and the essential importance of context.
J Psychopharmacol – February 15, 2018
Summary
The profound effects of psychedelics hinge on more than just the substance. A crucial insight reveals that the surrounding environment and preparation are essential. Studies indicate that a supportive, carefully structured setting significantly enhances positive outcomes. Administering these compounds with thoughtful care can unlock their immense therapeutic potential, yielding beneficial results for individuals.
Abstract
Psychedelics and the essential importance of context.