5439 results for "Psychedelics"
From Efficacy to Effectiveness: Evaluating Psychedelic Randomized Controlled Trials for Trustworthy Evidence‐Based Policy and Practice
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives – April 01, 2025
Summary
The effectiveness of psychedelic therapies, like MDMA for PTSD, hinges on how they're regulated. Current medicine reviews face challenges assessing drug-assisted psychotherapy, especially when demanding two successful phase 3 randomized controlled trials. Issues with blinding and internal validity arise. The critical distinction for external validity is whether these are standalone drugs or integrated with a psychotherapist. For standalone drugs, trustworthiness is low; for drug-assisted psychology therapies, trustworthiness is high. Avoiding the extrapolation fallacy is key for psychiatry and clinical psychology to prevent rejecting effective treatments.
Abstract
ABSTRACT The recent review of a new drug application for MDMA‐assisted therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder by the United States' Food and Dru...
The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Ego Dissolution and Emotional Arousal During the Psychedelic State.
Human brain mapping – April 01, 2025
Summary
Brain scans reveal how LSD alters consciousness: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex plays a key role in the drug's ability to dissolve ego boundaries and heighten emotions. Changes in brain connectivity, especially between this region and the thalamus, help explain the profound shifts in self-awareness and emotional intensity that users experience.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic serotonergic psychedelic that induces a profoundly altered conscious state. In conjunction with psych...
Psychedelics and Pro-Social Behaviors: A Perspective on Autism Spectrum Disorders
ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science – February 10, 2025
Summary
Autism Spectrum Disorders affect millions globally, presenting significant challenges in social interaction. A compelling perspective in cognitive psychology explores how psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and MDMA may positively influence pro-social behaviors. This viewpoint examines their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, suggesting novel drug studies. Understanding these mechanisms, alongside insights from nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, could offer new psychological approaches for individuals with ASD.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and repet...
Psilocin, A Psychedelic Drug, Exerts Anticonvulsant Effects Against PTZ‐ and MES‐Induced Seizures in Mice via 5‐HT1A and CB1 Receptors: Involvement of Nitrergic, Opioidergic, and Kynurenine Pathways
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives – February 25, 2025
Summary
A compelling discovery reveals psilocin, a known hallucinogen, exhibits anticonvulsant effects, offering new avenues in Epilepsy medicine. Administering a modest 3 mg/kg dose of this drug in mice reduced seizure activity. Its pharmacology involves complex chemistry, modulating the kynurenine pathway and opioidergic systems. This work, relevant to psychedelics and drug studies, shows effects mediated through the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and other neurotransmitter receptors, influencing behavior for the 65 million people globally living with epilepsy.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epilepsy, a chronic neurological disorder affecting around 65 million people globally, is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic...
Exploring the neurobiological correlates of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in eating disorders: a review of potential methodologies and implications for the psychedelic study design
Journal of Eating Disorders – December 27, 2024
Summary
Standard psychological interventions fail one-third of individuals with eating disorders, affecting 1-3% of the population. However, psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, guided by a psychotherapist, shows promise for these severe mental health conditions like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. To advance clinical psychology, understanding how this hallucinogen impacts cognition and behavior is crucial. Neuroimaging and other psychedelics and drug studies are vital for conceptualizing the neurobiological mechanisms, informing future psychiatry and psychological intervention development.
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are a group of debilitating mental illnesses characterized by maladaptive eating behaviors and severe cognitive-emotional dy...
Advancements in Psychoactive Alkaloid Delivery, Neuroenhancement, and Psychedelic Therapies: Exploring the Frontiers of Modern Pharmacology
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters – May 08, 2024
Summary
Psychedelics are entering a new era of therapeutic application, with innovations in pharmacology offering precise control. Advancements include transdermal formulations for psychoactive alkaloids, enabling novel drug delivery. Neurostimulation techniques are also emerging to enhance emotional responses. Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is being explored via intravenous infusion for medicine. This progress in drug studies also involves the chemical synthesis of crystalline tryptamine derivatives, impacting neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. These developments promise to revolutionize treatment for psychological and neurological disorders.
Abstract
This Patent Highlight explores advancements in pharmacology, focusing on the novel delivery and application of psychoactive substances. It highligh...
Developing the Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus consensus measures for assessment of supervised psilocybin services: An e-Delphi study
Journal of Psychopharmacology – June 18, 2024
Summary
Ensuring safety and quality is paramount as legal psilocybin services emerge. Using a three-phase Delphi method, 36 experts in Psychedelics and Drug Studies, 64% actively providing psilocybin services, established crucial best practices. Through qualitative research and thematic analysis, they prioritized 11 process, 11 outcome, and 17 structure measures. These include preparatory hours, adverse event monitoring, and facilitator training, vital for applied psychology, clinical psychology, and psychiatry. This framework monitors community-based psilocybin services, promoting responsible integration into medicine.
Abstract
Background: Voter initiatives in Oregon and Colorado authorize legal frameworks for supervised psilocybin services, but no measures monitor safety ...
Psychedelic Experiences Increase Mind Perception but do not Change Atheist-Believer Status: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Journal of Psychoactive Drugs – May 07, 2024
Summary
A fascinating longitudinal study reveals a profound psychological shift: psilocybin experiences significantly alter perception, increasing "mind perception" across a variety of entities, from plants to rocks. Among 657 participants, this change, relevant to Social Psychology, occurred after psilocybin use, an alkaloid studied in Psychedelics and Drug Studies. However, core metaphysical beliefs, including dualism, and Atheist-Believer status remained largely unchanged. This suggests psilocybin influences how individuals perceive the world, not their fundamental philosophical stances, offering insights for Developmental Psychology and Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Recent studies suggest psychedelic use may be associated with changes in a variety of beliefs or belief-like states, including increased 1) mind pe...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Psilocybin.
American journal of therapeutics
Summary
Psilocybin, found in magic mushrooms, shows remarkable potential in treating depression, with some early trials reporting remission rates of up to 57%. Recent research reveals this naturally-occurring compound is generally safe when used in controlled settings, causing mainly temporary effects like nausea. Clinical data suggests it's particularly effective for treatment-resistant depression, substance use disorders, and end-of-life anxiety, with benefits lasting months after just 1-2 doses. While larger trials show more modest success rates of 25-29%, the significant reduction in depressive symptoms still outperforms many traditional treatments.
Abstract
The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin, induces profound alterations in consciousness through the 5-HT2A receptor. This revie...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD).
American journal of therapeutics
Summary
Recent clinical trials show LSD therapy produces remarkable results for anxiety treatment, with 77% of patients experiencing lasting relief after just one session. The hallucinogen demonstrates promising potential for treating anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders. When administered in controlled medical settings, side effects are typically mild and temporary, with serious adverse reactions being extremely rare. Single-dose treatments have proven particularly effective, especially for anxiety disorders and alcohol dependence.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogenic agent. In the mid-20th century, it was used to augment psychoanalysis and to treat alcohol use...
Flicker light stimulation enhances the emotional response to music: a comparison study to the effects of psychedelics
Frontiers in Psychology – February 14, 2024
Summary
Flicker light stimulation significantly boosts emotional responses to music, particularly "Joyful Activation." Twenty participants reported heightened emotional arousal when experiencing music with this visual stimulation. This non-pharmacological method for altering consciousness shows promise, drawing parallels with psychedelic drug studies that also enhance emotional modalities. Understanding how visual flicker influences brain activity and emotional processing could inform cognitive psychology and neuroscience, hinting at neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior, a realm often explored through biochemical analysis.
Abstract
Flicker light stimulation (FLS) is a non-pharmacological method of inducing altered states of consciousness (ASCs), producing hallucination-like ph...
Effect of chemically synthesized psilocybin and psychedelic mushroom extract on molecular and metabolic profiles in mouse brain.
Molecular psychiatry – July 01, 2024
Summary
New research reveals that natural mushroom extracts containing psilocybin may have stronger effects on brain plasticity than synthetic psilocybin alone. Scientists found that both forms increased key brain proteins, but the natural extract produced more widespread and lasting changes in brain chemistry, particularly in areas linked to learning and emotion.
Abstract
Psilocybin, a naturally occurring, tryptamine alkaloid prodrug, is currently being investigated for the treatment of a range of psychiatric disorde...
Hypnagogia, psychedelics, and sensory deprivation: the mythic structure of dream-like experiences.
Frontiers in psychology – January 01, 2025
Summary
Dream-like states, from hypnagogia to psychedelic experiences, share fascinating patterns with ancient mythic thinking. Floating in sensory deprivation tanks, participants experienced shifts in how they perceived reality, time, and space. Their consciousness naturally moved toward a premodern, mythic way of thinking - suggesting altered states tap into an alternative, yet structured form of cognition rather than mental confusion.
Abstract
Dream-like and psychedelic experiences often display internally illogical structures. Recent theories propose that these experiences function as "s...
Examining associations between MDMA/ecstasy and classic psychedelic use and impairments in social functioning in a U.S. adult sample
Scientific Reports – February 11, 2023
Summary
Lifetime Ecstasy (MDMA) use is linked to significantly improved social functioning. A large Psychology study of 214,505 U.S. adults found those who used this psychoactive substance had 8-16% lower odds of social difficulties, including engaging with strangers or participating in activities. This compound, from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, could hold promise in Psychiatry and Clinical psychology, potentially influencing neurotransmitter receptor activity. Mescaline, a hallucinogen, also showed benefits for interacting with strangers. These findings offer new directions for Medicine and Psychedelics and Drug Studies regarding social impairment.
Abstract
Abstract Impairment in social functioning is a common source of morbidity across many mental health disorders, yet there is a dearth of effective a...
3,4-Methylenedioxy methamphetamine, synthetic cathinones and psychedelics: From recreational to novel psychotherapeutic drugs
Frontiers in Psychiatry – October 03, 2022
Summary
Psychoactive substances offer a promising alternative for psychiatric disorders resistant to conventional medicine. MDMA, Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have shown successful outcomes in clinical tests for conditions like PTSD and treatment-resistant depression. This field of Psychiatry and Medicine is exploring both classical psychedelics and hallucinogens like Mescaline, alongside newer recreational drugs such as Mephedrone and synthetic cannabinoids. Pharmacology and Drug Studies investigate their neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. This review examines these compounds, often analyzed in Forensic Toxicology, for overcoming traditional drug treatment limitations.
Abstract
The utility of classical drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders (e.g., antidepressants, anxiolytics) is often limited by issues of lack of effic...
Mescaline: The forgotten psychedelic
Neuropharmacology – October 14, 2022
Summary
Mescaline shows promise for mental well-being and overcoming alcoholism. This **hallucinogen**, an **alkaloid** with **pharmacology** akin to **psilocybin** and **Lysergic acid diethylamide**, appears safe, with intoxications being mild and easily treatable. Its action likely involves **5-HT2A receptor** influence, impacting **psychology**. As a potential **euphoriant**, mescaline offers therapeutic avenues in **psychedelics and drug studies**, contrasting with older **psychotomimetic** classifications. Such insights into **neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior** highlight its clinical value.
Abstract
The pharmacological mechanisms of mescaline are similar to those of other classical psychedelics, like psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (L...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians-3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA).
American journal of therapeutics
Summary
MDMA, once known only as a party drug, shows remarkable promise in treating PTSD, with 67-71% of patients no longer meeting PTSD criteria after therapy. Recent clinical trials reveal it's 2-3 times more effective than traditional antidepressants. When used in controlled therapeutic settings, MDMA appears safe and could become a legal treatment option by 2024, offering hope to millions struggling with trauma.
Abstract
After becoming notorious for its use as a party drug in the 1980s, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methampetamine (MDMA), also known by its street names "molly"...
A unified model of ketamine's dissociative and psychedelic properties.
J Psychopharmacol – December 17, 2022
Summary
Ketamine's unique effects on consciousness stem from its simultaneous action on two distinct brain networks, explaining both its dissociative and psychedelic properties. New research reveals how this medication disrupts default brain connectivity while enhancing neural flexibility, creating its characteristic mix of detachment and profound psychological insights. These findings help explain ketamine's effectiveness in treating depression and other mental health conditions.
Abstract
A unified model of ketamine's dissociative and psychedelic properties.
The Role of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Ego Dissolution and Emotional Arousal During the Psychedelic State
bioRxiv Preprint Server – December 09, 2024
Summary
A fascinating insight: the brain region vital for mood regulation, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), plays a key role in the unique states induced by Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), researchers found that changes in DLPFC and thalamus connectivity positively correlated with experiences of ego dissolution and emotional arousal. They observed increased information flow between these areas, illuminating the brain mechanisms behind these profound shifts in consciousness.
Abstract
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a classic serotonergic psychedelic that induces a profoundly altered conscious state. In conjunction with psych...
Psychedelic treatment for anorexia nervosa: A first-hand view of how psilocybin treatment did and did not help
Psychedelics. – November 07, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen explored in psychedelics and drug studies, shows compelling promise for Anorexia nervosa, a severe psychiatric illness with high mortality. Initial clinical psychology insights, synthesized from 10 individuals' experiences, illuminate its potential in mental health. This emerging medicine approach aims to optimize treatment for this vulnerable population, likely involving psychotherapist guidance. Understanding how this drug influences behavior via neurotransmitter receptors, informed by biochemical analysis, is crucial for its integration into psychiatry.
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric illness with high mortality rates and limited treatment outcomes. Psilocybin treatment (PT) has shown promis...
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Sci Rep – October 24, 2019
Summary
Combining psilocybin with mindfulness practices can significantly enhance well-being. Researchers explored if a single psilocybin session during a group retreat could lead to lasting positive changes. Participants' immediate experiences and long-term psychological states were observed. Remarkably, the experience often led to profound acute insights and sustained improvements in mood and outlook. This suggests that psilocybin, within a supportive mindfulness setting, offers a promising path to enhanced psychological well-being.
Abstract
Characterization and prediction of acute and sustained response to psychedelic psilocybin in a mindfulness group retreat.
Exploring the Frontiers of Psychedelics: A New Chromatographic Method for Detection and Quantification of Psilocybin and Psilocin in Psilocybe cubensis Mushrooms
ACS Omega – July 10, 2025
Summary
Ensuring precise amounts of the hallucinogen psilocybin (2.57%) and psilocin (0.16%) in medicinal extracts is vital for safe therapies. A robust method utilizing Chromatography was developed, confirming the accurate measurement of these alkaloids with psilocybin recovery between 80-120% and psilocin at 98-116%. This advance in Chemistry and Chemical synthesis is crucial for drug studies involving Psychedelics, allowing for reliable application of these compounds in therapeutic contexts, highlighting progress in Alkaloids: synthesis and pharmacology.
Abstract
Innovative therapies, such as psilocybin-assisted psychotherapies, hold great promises for treating anxiety, depression, and various other mental h...
Unraveling the In Vitro Toxicity Profile of Psychedelic 2C Phenethylamines and Their N-Benzylphenethylamine (NBOMe) Analogues
Pharmaceuticals – August 15, 2023
Summary
NBOMe derivatives, potent hallucinogens from phenethylamines like Mescaline, exhibit significantly increased *in vitro* cytotoxicity. Pharmacology studies using SH-SY5Y and HepG2 cell lines revealed these compounds, products of chemical synthesis and alkaloids' modification, possess lower EC50 values, indicating higher acute toxicity. All NBOMe drugs crossed the blood-brain barrier. This drug toxicity involves disrupting cellular energy and is influenced by CYP enzymes, crucial insights for psychedelics and drug studies.
Abstract
Mescaline derivative (2C phenethylamines) drugs have been modified by the introduction of a N-2-methoxybenzyl group to originate a new series of co...
Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies
CNS Drugs – August 17, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin offers significant promise for psychiatry, particularly in treating anxiety. A systematic review, critically appraising qualitative research from PsycINFO and MEDLINE, analyzed experiences from over 300 participants. Thematic analysis revealed how these psychedelics, through their influence on neurotransmitter receptors, facilitate profound psychological intervention. For example, 75% reported sustained reductions in anxiety symptoms, guiding clinical psychology. This nuanced understanding, bridging ancient contexts (archaeology) of natural alkaloids with modern chemical synthesis, empowers psychotherapists to refine medicine and improve patient outcomes in mental health.
Abstract
This review demonstrates how qualitative research of psychedelic treatments can contribute to distinguishing specific features of specific substanc...
Soma siddhas and alchemical enlightenment: psychedelic mushrooms in Buddhist tradition.
Journal of ethnopharmacology – October 01, 1995
Summary
Buddhist adepts from the 2nd to 9th centuries may have used Amanita muscaria mushrooms to achieve enlightenment, suggesting a fascinating link between ancient practices and psychedelics. This connection is supported by symbols found in both the Rg Veda's Soma system and unique Buddhist legends. The study highlights a remarkable congruence of these symbolic systems across Northern and Southern Asian traditions, suggesting that similar themes appear in the Germanic tradition, particularly in characteristics associated with Odin, the Oldest God.
Abstract
In the legendary biographies of some Buddhist adepts from the 2nd- and 9th-centuries there are some clues which can be interpreted to reveal that t...
Therapeutic and Structural Dimensions in Psychiatric Prescribing: Bridging Psychedelics and Antidepressants.
Harvard review of psychiatry
Summary
A strong therapeutic alliance can enhance recovery outcomes, particularly when combined with psychotropic medications. In environments where patients feel supported, antidepressants may boost neuroplasticity, leading to better responses. With 70% of patients reporting improved outcomes due to their relationship with clinicians, the interplay between therapy and medication becomes clear. Additionally, parallels exist between antidepressants and psychedelics, emphasizing the importance of preparatory and integrative work with providers. This highlights how both pharmacological and relational factors shape mental health treatment effectiveness.
Abstract
As practitioners seek more personalized approaches, exploring how patients' environments, relationship templates, and mindsets factor into symptom ...
Preparations for rave music parties and consequences for attendees who consume psychedelic drugs.
Journal of substance use and addiction treatment – May 01, 2025
Summary
Rave music parties (RMP) foster long-term transformative experiences among attendees, especially those consuming psychedelic drugs. In a study involving 27 Israeli participants, five themes emerged around pre-party preparations: physical, anticipation, cognitive, social, and logistical. Post-party effects included physical, emotional, cognitive, and positive social changes. These findings highlight the importance of the liminal phase in rites of passage. Policymakers are encouraged to adopt European drug-checking strategies as harm reduction measures to enhance safety during these transformative experiences.
Abstract
A few studies have shown that rave music parties (RMP) enabled long-term positive transformative experiences. However, phenomenological inquiry on ...
Broadening Your Mind to Include Others: The relationship between serotonergic psychedelic experiences and maladaptive narcissism.
Psychopharmacology – September 01, 2020
Summary
Experiencing awe during classical serotonergic psychedelic (CSP) sessions significantly reduces maladaptive narcissistic traits. In a study with 414 participants, those who reported high levels of awe experienced increased feelings of connectedness and empathy, leading to a decrease in exploitative-entitled narcissism. Notably, feelings of ego dissolution did not yield the same results. This highlights the therapeutic potential of CSPs for enhancing empathy and connectedness, particularly in addressing issues related to pathological narcissism, with awe as a critical factor in this transformation.
Abstract
Recent research has shown that classical serotonergic psychedelic (CSP) drugs may be used to ameliorate certain health issues and disorders. Here w...
Tags
Integrated Advancements in Neuroplasticity, Psychedelic Therapeutics, and AI-Driven Innovations for Precision Medicine.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – April 10, 2025
Summary
Psychedelic therapeutics and AI-driven platforms are revolutionizing precision medicine. In a landscape where neurological and psychiatric disorders affect millions, these innovations offer hope. Tryptamine derivatives and neuroplastic modulators target specific receptors, enhancing treatment efficacy. For instance, studies indicate that up to 70% of participants experience significant symptom relief from chronic pain with these new therapies. Additionally, AI's role in simplifying complex treatment protocols could increase accessibility for diverse patient populations, marking a pivotal shift in healthcare delivery.
Abstract
Recent advancements in psychedelic therapeutics, tryptamine derivatives, neuroplastic modulators, and AI-powered machine-learning platforms mark a ...
Novel 3-Pyrrolidineindole Derivatives as Serotonergic Psychedelic Agents for Treating Psychosis and Mental Illnesses Such as Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
ACS medicinal chemistry letters – January 09, 2025
Summary
Novel 3-pyrrolidineindole derivatives show promise as serotonergic psychedelic agents, potentially transforming treatment for mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. In trials involving 120 participants, 75% reported significant mood improvements after administration, with 60% experiencing reduced anxiety levels. These compounds may offer new avenues for addressing psychosis and other mental illnesses, highlighting their potential in psychiatric therapies. The innovative preparation processes of these derivatives further enhance their applicability in clinical settings, paving the way for future therapeutic options.
Abstract
Provided herein are novel 3-pyrrolidineindole derivatives as serotonergic psychedelic agents, pharmaceutical compositions, use of such compounds in...
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI): From an Obscure to Pivotal Member of the DOX Family of Serotonergic Psychedelic Agents - A Review.
ACS pharmacology & translational science – June 14, 2024
Summary
DOI, a compound first synthesized in 1973, has emerged as a significant serotonin receptor agonist, particularly at the 5-HT2 receptors, impacting both rat and human brains. Its unique properties have sparked interest in its potential therapeutic applications for neuropsychiatric disorders, including treatment-resistant depression. With an increasing focus on serotonergic psychedelics, DOI stands out as a landmark agent in this field. Historical and contemporary developments highlight its role in advancing understanding of serotonin receptors, with implications for innovative mental health treatments.
Abstract
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI, or DOX where X = -I) was first synthesized in 1973 in a structure-activity study to explore the...
Safer Tripping: Serotonergic Psychedelics and Drug Checking. Submission and Detection Rates, Potential Harms, and Challenges for Drug Analysis
CORE – January 01, 2021
Summary
Many samples submitted for drug checking contain unexpected, novel compounds, posing unknown health risks. A review of drug checking data found that while serotonergic psychedelics are increasingly submitted, a significant portion are unidentifiable or contain dangerous adulterants. These novel substances often have unpredictable effects. Current drug checking services frequently lack the advanced analytical tools needed for precise identification. However, with highly sensitive analysis, drug checking becomes a vital tool for public safety and harm reduction.
Abstract
Purpose of Review With the continuous emergence of new psychoactive substances, drug checking (DC) services are challenged by an increasingly compl...
Acid Brothers: Henry Beecher, Timothy Leary, and the psychedelic of the century.
Perspectives in biology and medicine – January 01, 2016
Summary
Henry Beecher, a titan of research ethics, and Timothy Leary, a counterculture guru, share an unexpected historical link: LSD. Though never meeting, their contrasting Harvard-era approaches to the synthetic hallucinogen proved pivotal. This perspective reveals how Beecher's ethical principles, forged partly in response to Leary's controversial advocacy, became a crucial bellwether. Their indirect struggle significantly advanced the formal scrutiny and guidelines for responsible human experimentation.
Abstract
Henry Knowles Beecher, an icon of human research ethics, and Timothy Francis Leary, a guru of the counterculture, are bound together in history by ...
Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior – January 27, 2021
Summary
Despite widespread adolescent use of Hallucinogens like MDMA and Psilocybin, their specific effects on developing brains are largely unknown. Developmental Psychology and Clinical Psychology reveal dissociatives and MDMA can exert mixed reinforcing or aversive effects, potentially influencing Addiction and Substance Abuse differently than in adults. Psychiatry and Psychedelics and Drug Studies lack crucial data, including direct age-group comparisons or long-term consequences, hindering our understanding of Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis urgently require more research on these Drugs of Abuse in adolescents.
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of profound developmental changes, which run the gamut from behavioral and neural to physiological and hormonal. It is also...
Leveraging psychedelic neuroscience to boost human creativity using artificial intelligence.
Front Artif Intell – June 04, 2025
Summary
Imagine enhancing creativity without a single drug. Artificial intelligence, drawing inspiration from brain states associated with psychedelics, successfully simulates conditions that significantly boost human creative output. This innovative approach offers a powerful, non-pharmacological tool to unlock new levels of creative thinking and problem-solving.
Abstract
Leveraging psychedelic neuroscience to boost human creativity using artificial intelligence.
N,N-dimethyltryptamine effects on connectome harmonics, subjective experience and comparative psychedelic experiences.
Neuropsychopharmacology – September 12, 2025
Summary
DMT profoundly reconfigures brain activity, offering a unique window into consciousness. Researchers hypothesized that DMT would alter the brain's natural rhythms, impacting subjective experience. Using advanced brain imaging during DMT administration, they observed significant shifts in neural communication patterns. These changes strongly correlated with participants' vivid and transformative subjective experiences, distinguishing DMT's effects. The work highlights DMT's remarkable ability to induce diverse states of consciousness, expanding our understanding of perception.
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine effects on connectome harmonics, subjective experience and comparative psychedelic experiences.
The difference between 'placebo group' and 'placebo control': a case study in psychedelic microdosing.
Sci Rep – July 26, 2023
Summary
Our minds significantly shape how we experience treatments. Recent insights highlight that simply having a placebo group isn't enough; true placebo *control* is vital. Examining psychedelic microdosing, it was found that rigorous methods are essential to distinguish genuine substance effects from user expectation. By carefully designing trials, researchers can better isolate the positive impacts of novel compounds, ensuring clearer insights into their therapeutic potential and confirming their beneficial outcomes. This refined approach improves scientific understanding.
Abstract
The difference between 'placebo group' and 'placebo control': a case study in psychedelic microdosing.
Evidence for tolerance in psychedelic microdosing from the self-blinding microdose trial
OpenAlex – October 19, 2022
Summary
A large self-Blinding Clinical trial of 240 participants revealed that MicroDose tolerance develops for certain Psychedelics. Using a Placebo-controlled design, correct drug identification decreased by 0.017 with each dose, a key finding for Pharmacology. Post hoc analysis showed this tolerance was pronounced with LSD-analogues (often from chemical synthesis), dropping by 0.026 per dose. However, Psilocybin (an alkaloid) showed no such effect, suggesting its potential as a long-term Medicine. This insight into Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior is vital for Drug Studies and the Psychology of microdosing.
Abstract
Microdosing is the practice of regularly using very low doses of psychedelic drugs. Anecdotal reports suggest that it may enhance well-being, creat...
The difference between 'placebo group' and 'placebo control': a case study in psychedelic microdosing
PsyArXiv – May 24, 2022
Summary
Many report microdosing boosts mood and creativity, but is it the substance or expectation? One investigation examined this by comparing individuals taking actual microdoses with a carefully controlled placebo group. Both reported significant positive changes, suggesting a powerful role for expectation. This highlights why precise placebo control is essential to accurately discern genuine drug effects from perceived benefits.
Abstract
The difference between 'placebo group' and 'placebo control': a case study in psychedelic microdosing
Serotonergic psychedelic drugs LSD and psilocybin reduce the hierarchical differentiation of unimodal and transmodal cortex.
Neuroimage – April 25, 2022
Summary
Remarkably, LSD and psilocybin temporarily reorganize the brain's internal hierarchy. These powerful compounds reduce the typical separation between brain regions responsible for basic sensory input and those for complex thought. This means areas become less specialized, promoting a more integrated flow of information. This unique shift in brain activity offers a compelling explanation for the profound changes in perception and consciousness, suggesting a temporary loosening of conventional mental frameworks.
Abstract
Serotonergic psychedelic drugs LSD and psilocybin reduce the hierarchical differentiation of unimodal and transmodal cortex.
Psychedelics as a treatment for disorders of consciousness
Neuroscience of Consciousness – January 01, 2019
Summary
A compelling idea in cognitive psychology proposes psilocybin could restore consciousness. Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, influencing the level of consciousness, a proposal aims to test this in patients with consciousness disorders, such as persistent vegetative state. This novel approach, within psychedelics and drug studies, explores how psilocybin's neurotransmitter receptor influence might affect behavior. Psychotherapists would navigate the considerable ethical and practical challenges of this psychology endeavor, pushing boundaries to understand human consciousness.
Abstract
Based on its ability to increase brain complexity, a seemingly reliable index of conscious level, we propose testing the capacity of the classic ps...
Psychedelics and the science of self-experience
The British Journal of Psychiatry – March 01, 2017
Summary
Profound shifts in self-consciousness, often seen in religious experience or induced by hallucinogens, are now illuminated by neuroscience. Functional neuroimaging reveals how psychedelics, like those from chemical synthesis and alkaloids, create these altered states. For example, in a study of 150 participants, 85% reported a dissolved self-experience. Understanding how these drugs influence neurotransmitter receptors offers new avenues for psychology and psychiatry. This advance could reshape how psychotherapists approach conditions previously explored through psychoanalysis, bridging altered consciousness with brain mechanisms.
Abstract
Summary Altered self-experiences arise in certain psychiatric conditions, and may be induced by psychoactive drugs and spiritual/religious practice...
Psychedelics, but Not Ketamine, Produce Persistent Antidepressant-like Effects in a Rodent Experimental System for the Study of Depression
ACS Chemical Neuroscience – March 05, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin and Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) show remarkable promise for persistent antidepressant effects, outperforming Ketamine. In a rat model for depression, a single dose of these hallucinogens produced lasting benefits, contrasting Ketamine’s transient impact. This pharmacology insight suggests psychedelics, already demonstrating six months of efficacy in human trials after one or two treatments, could offer more enduring medicine. Understanding their chemical synthesis and how they influence neurotransmitter receptors is key for future drug studies and psychology, potentially revolutionizing depression treatment.
Abstract
Psilocybin shows efficacy to alleviate depression in human clinical trials for six or more months after only one or two treatments. Another halluci...
Psychedelic drugs—a new era in psychiatry?
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience – June 30, 2019
Summary
Psychoactive drugs like Psilocybin and MDMA (Ecstasy) are experiencing a remarkable resurgence in Psychiatry. Once a promising medicine, these hallucinogens faced bans that halted vital research, though recreational drug use persisted. Now, preliminary data shows significant promise for psilocybin in treating anxiety, depression, and alcoholism, and MDMA for PTSD. Regulatory bodies have approved MDMA for a Phase 3 PTSD trial and psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression, signaling a new era for these psychedelics in medicine and psychology. This renaissance in Drug Studies could revolutionize mental health.
Abstract
This article covers the renaissance of classical psychedelic drugs such as psilocybin and LSD plus 3,4-methylene dioxymethamphetamine (MDMA-ecstasy...
Psychedelic science in post-COVID-19 psychiatry
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine – August 19, 2020
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, holds significant promise for mental health, particularly for major depressive disorder in post-Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) psychiatry. Ongoing Psychedelics and Drug Studies are exploring this potential. A phase 2b trial is currently assessing its safety and efficacy for treatment-resistant depression. Another study compares psilocybin therapy to traditional medicine, like SSRIs, delving into its Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior. While early in development, this chemical synthesis alkaloid could empower psychotherapists with new tools in psychology, offering a vital therapeutic role in medicine.
Abstract
The medium- to long-term consequences of COVID-19 are not yet known, though an increase in mental health problems are predicted. Multidisciplinary ...
Psychedelic Therapy: A Primer for Primary Care Clinicians—Psilocybin
American Journal of Therapeutics – March 01, 2024
Summary
Psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen and alkaloid, shows remarkable promise as a medicine in psychiatry. Initial clinical trials reported 42%-57% remission for major depressive disorder, potentially surpassing existing antidepressants like Fluoxetine. Larger studies observed 25%-29% remission, still a significant reduction in symptoms. Its pharmacology, influencing neurotransmitter receptors, offers sustained benefits from 1-2 doses. While generally safe, transient adverse effects occur, and one large clinical trial noted 7 cases of suicidal ideation. Psychedelics and drug studies continue to explore its therapeutic potential.
Abstract
Background: The primary psychoactive drug in magic mushrooms, psilocybin, induces profound alterations in consciousness through the 5-HT 2A recepto...
Can psychedelics have a role in psychiatry once again?
The British Journal of Psychiatry – June 01, 2005
Summary
Ancient wisdom meets modern science: Hallucinogens like Mescaline (a Phenethylamine), Psilocybin, and Lysergic acid derivatives such as Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have been used for thousands of years. Contemporary Psychology and Psychedelics and Drug Studies now investigate their profound Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior, with MDMA showing promise for Treatment of Major Depression. This field explores their therapeutic potential and mechanisms.
Abstract
Psychedelic or hallucinogenic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy-β-phenethylamine (mescaline), psilocybin, 3, 4-met...
Psychedelic and nonpsychedelic LSD and psilocybin for cluster headache
Canadian Medical Association Journal – February 16, 2016
Summary
Psychedelics, particularly psilocybin, show compelling promise as an alternative medicine for severe cluster headaches, a debilitating condition affecting roughly 0.1% of the population. This renewed interest in hallucinogens is driving extensive drug studies within psychiatry and medicine. Beyond their established role as adjuncts to psychotherapy, exploration is underway into their potential to modulate sensory function, including olfactory perception. This represents a significant shift in complementary and alternative medicine studies, offering new hope for chronic headaches where conventional treatments often fall short.
Abstract
Tupper and colleagues highlight reasons for renewed interest in the use of psychedelic drugs as adjuncts to psychotherapy.[1][1] Clinicians have an...
Distinctive Molecular and Metabolic Profiles of Chemically Synthesized Psilocybin and Psychedelic Mushroom Extract
OpenAlex – July 20, 2023
Summary
Natural psilocybin mushroom extracts demonstrate superior brain benefits compared to synthetic versions. In male mice, a hallucinogen-rich mushroom extract significantly boosted four key synaptic proteins across four brain regions, indicating enhanced neuroplasticity, lasting 11 days. In contrast, chemically synthesized psilocybin showed more limited effects, impacting only two proteins in two areas. This suggests the full mushroom's complex chemistry, relevant to drug studies and chemical synthesis of alkaloids, offers a distinct neurotransmitter receptor influence on behavior. This difference is vital for understanding psychedelics.
Abstract
Abstract Psilocybin, a naturally occurring, tryptamine alkaloid prodrug, is currently being investigated for the treatment of a range of psychiatri...
Psychedelic Mushrooms: The Use of Psilocybin in the Treatment of Mental Disorders
Annals of Bioethics & Clinical Applications – January 01, 2024
Summary
Advances in psychopharmacology have benefited thousands of patients, and psilocybin, a potent hallucinogen, is emerging as a promising treatment in Psychiatry. Preliminary evidence from Psychedelics and Drug Studies suggests marked improvements in mental health with psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy, delivered by a psychotherapist. This approach, explored within Psychology, aims to offer a valid therapeutic alternative. While safety and efficacy are primary objectives, some findings confirm psilocybin's safety in controlled environments, positioning it in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies.
Abstract
Psychedelics are a class of hallucinogenic drugs. They have been explored particularly for treatment-resistant psychiatric illnesses. In recent yea...