Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
May 28, 2019
Christina Grumann, Kerstin Henkel, Alexander Stratford et al.
27 citations
1-propionyl-LSD (1P-LSD), an uncontrolled derivative of LSD, requires sensitive detection methods due to its high potency. A validated LC-MS/MS method quantified 1P-LSD and LSD in urine and serum with a calibration range of 0.015-0.4 ng mL⁻¹ and limits of detection and quantification at 0.005 and 0.015 ng mL⁻¹, respectively. Stability tests showed 1P-LSD remained stable in samples stored at -20 °C, 5 °C, or room temperature for up to five days, but LSD formed at room temperature (up to 21% in serum), likely from enzymatic hydrolysis. Sodium fluoride prevented this conversion. In an intoxication case, only LSD was detected: 0.51 ng mL⁻¹ in urine and 3.4 ng mL⁻¹ in serum, suggesting rapid in-vivo hydrolysis of 1P-LSD to LSD.
Drug Testing and Analysis
May 16, 2020
Christina Grumann, Kerstin Henkel, Simon D. Brandt et al.
23 citations
1P-LSD, a non-controlled alternative to LSD, acts as a prodrug that converts almost entirely into LSD in the human body. In two volunteers, oral and intravenous doses of 100 μg 1P-LSD were administered. After oral intake, only LSD was detected in serum and urine, with a terminal elimination half-life of about 6.4 hours. Intravenous 1P-LSD was detectable for only a few hours, while LSD persisted much longer. The bioavailability of LSD from oral 1P-LSD was nearly 100%. Subjective drug effects and altered states of consciousness scores were comparable to those from LSD, supporting the prodrug hypothesis. Oral administration produced higher 5D-ASC scores than intravenous.
Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)
September 1, 2017
Maren Hermanns-Clausen, Verena Angerer, Josephine Kithinji et al.
22 citations
A 42-year-old man accidentally ingested 25I-NBOMe, a potent hallucinogenic drug, after taking a sip of pediatric analgesic syrup that had been refilled with a self-made solution of the drug in ethanol. Within 30 minutes he became restless, and in the emergency department he showed dilated pupils, heavy sweating, disorientation, agitation, and later severe agitation, coenesthesia, and complex hallucinations. Blood tests at admission detected 25I-NBOMe (34 ng/mL), its metabolite 2C-I (12 ng/mL), and 25I-NBOH (<1 ng/mL). The syrup contained 2800 μg/mL of 25I-NBOMe. Symptoms resolved after six hours without complications. The presence of 2C-I 50 minutes after intake suggests rapid metabolic breakdown of 25I-NBOMe via first-pass metabolism.